英语高考完形填空说明文原卷版.docx
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英语高考完形填空说明文原卷版.docx
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英语高考完形填空说明文原卷版
第二部分语言知识运用
精做08完形填空说明文
说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明,通常结构严谨,句子结构复杂,因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。
其主要特点为:
1.开头点题
在说明文类的完形填空中,作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象,这是掌握说明细节的前提。
2.结构清晰
说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。
理清文章的说明顺序,对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系,选择正确答案具有重要意义。
3.难度较大
说明文往往采用比较正式的文体,表述准确严谨,生词术语较多,句子较长,结构较为复杂。
4.遣词用字简练
说明文一般采用简练的语言,按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。
5.条理清晰
说明文十分讲究条理性,一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。
【解题技巧】
1.快速弄清文章大意
对于此类文章我们结合选择项,进行粗读或略读,对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。
说明文往往生词较多,而题材又比较广泛,所以阅读时,首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
2.弄清楚说明的顺序
把握了说明顺序,就能准确把握文章的脉络,加强对整篇文章的理解。
3.把握文章的组织结构,理清事实细节
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。
说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。
在阅读这类文章时,我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾,从主题句着手,找出支持句,然后寻找文章的结论。
这时,我们还要特别注意,不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑,我们在理解细节的基础上,还要斟酌文字的内涵意义,从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
4.注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文,逐题分析选项,对特定的语境作深入的理解,克服"思维定势",根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
5.熟练做题方法,遵循四个原则:
(1)上下一致。
每个选择项必须从全文出发,从大处着手,避免孤立地分析每一空格,造成误选。
(2)语法正确。
从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。
(3)逻辑合理。
在完形填空题中,逻辑推理非常重要,有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确,但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。
(4)符合搭配。
英语中固定搭配很多,需要熟练掌握,才能做好此类题目。
Cloze1(2016·上海卷)
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一种新型管理理论——授权管理及其作用。
382
15分钟
★★★☆☆
Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthenowfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively1workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.
Inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe2,manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX.Theybelieve,3,thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom4withoutconsultation.This,ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian(专制的)managers.
Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof5people.Unlikeauthoritarianmanagement,somecultures,particularlyinAsia,arewellknownfortheconsultativenatureofdecision-making—allmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto6tothisprocess.Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion.ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings,whicharebasedongeneral7.Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional8managerscannot.
Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsontheirownwithout9managersfirst.Thisempowerment(授权)hasbeenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing:
10thenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies.Afterde-layeringinthisway,acompanymaybe11withjustatoplevelofseniormanagers,front-linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic.Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation(委托)muchfurtherthanhas12beenthecase.Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto13thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed,andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization,ratherthanless.
Anothertrendisoff-siteor14management,whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses.Projectmanagersevaluatethe15oftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem.
1.A.desireB.seekC.loseD.dislike
2.A.contraryB.expectationC.degreeD.extreme
3.A.viceversaB.forexampleC.howeverD.otherwise
4.A.outsideB.insideC.belowD.above
5.A.replacingB.assessingC.managingD.encouraging
6.A.referB.contributeC.objectD.apply
7.A.agreementB.practiceC.electionD.impression
8.A.bossyB.experiencedC.westernD.male
9.A.askingB.trainingC.warningD.firing
10.A.doublingB.maintainingC.reducingD.estimating
11.A.honoredB.leftC.crowdedD.compared
12.A.economicallyB.traditionallyC.inadequatelyD.occasionally
13.A.denyB.admitC.assumeD.ensure
14.A.virtualB.ineffectiveC.day-to-dayD.on-the-scene
15.A.opinionB.riskC.performanceD.attractiveness
Cloze2(2014·新课标全国卷I)
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各种形式的活动,如果人们经常做,都会产生厌倦情绪。
249
17分钟
★★★☆☆
Asageneralrule,allformsofactivityleadtoboredomwhentheyareperformedonaroutine(常规)basis.Asamatteroffact,wecanseethis 1 atworkinpeopleofall 2 .Forexample,onChristmasmorning,childrenareexcitedabout 3 withtheirnewtoys.Buttheir 4 soonwearsoffandbyJanuarythose 5 toyscanbefoundputawayinthebasement.Theworldisfullof 6 stampalbumsandunfinishedmodels,eachstandingasamonumenttosomeone’s 7 interest.Whenparentsbringhomeapet,theirchild 8 bathesitandbrushesitsfur.Withinashorttime,however,the 9 ofcaringfortheanimalishandedovertotheparents.Adolescentsenterhighschoolwithgreat 10 butaresoonlookingforwardto 11 .Thesameistrueoftheyoungadultsgoingtocollege.Andthen,howmany 12 ,whonowcomplain(抱怨)aboutthelongdrivestowork, 13 droveforhoursatatimewhentheyfirst 14 theirdriver’slicenses(执照)Beforepeopleretire,theyusually 15 todoalotof 16 things,whichtheyneverhad 17 todowhileworking.But 18 afterretirement,thegolfing,thefishing,thereadingandalloftheotherpastimesbecomeasboringasthejobsthey 19 .And,likethechildinJanuary,theygosearchingfornew 20 .
1.A.principleB.habitC.wayD.power
2.A.partiesB.racesC.countriesD.ages
3.A.workingB.livingC.playingD.going
4.A.confidenceB.interestC.anxietyD.sorrow
5.A.sameB.extraC.funnyD.expensive
6.A.well-organizedB.colorfully-printedC.newly-collectedD.half-filled
7.A.broadB.passingC.differentD.main
8.A.silentlyB.impatientlyC.gladlyD.worriedly
9.A.promiseB.burdenC.rightD.game
10.A.courageB.calmnessC.confusionD.excitement
11.A.graduationB.independenceC.responsibilityD.success
12.A.childrenB.studentsC.adultsD.retirees
13.A.carefullyB.eagerlyC.nervouslyD.bravely
14.A.requiredB.obtainedC.noticedD.discovered
15.A.needB.learnC.startD.plan
16.A.greatB.strangeC.difficultD.correct
17.A.timeB.moneyC.skillsD.knowledge
18.A.onlyB.wellC.evenD.soon
19.A.lostB.choseC.leftD.quit
20.A.petsB.toysC.friendsD.colleagues
Cloze3(2012·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)
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说明文
身势语在交际中的重要性
246
18分钟
★★★★☆
Bodylanguageisthequiet,secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall!
Itspeaks 1 thanwords.Accordingtospecialists,ourbodiessendoutmore 2 thanwerealize.Infact,non-verbal(非言语)communicationtakesupabout50%ofwhatwereally3 .Andbodylanguageisparticularly 4 whenweattempttocommunicateacrosscultures.Indeed,whatiscalledbodylanguageisso 5 apartofusthatit’sactuallyoftenmisunderstandingsoccurasaresultofit. 6 ,differentsocietiestreatthe 7 betweenpeopledifferently.NorthernEuropeansusuallydonotlikehaving 8 contact(接触)evenwithfriends,andcertainlynotwith 9 .PeoplefromLatinAmericancountries, 10 ,toucheachotherquitealot.Therefore,it’spossiblethatin 11 ,itmaylooklikeaLatinois 12 aNorwegianallovertheroom.TheLatino,tryingtoexpressfriendship,willkeepmoving 13 .TheNorwegian,veryprobablyseeingthisaspushiness,willkeep 14 —whichtheLatinowillinreturnregardas 15 .
Clearly,agreatdealisgoingonwhenpeople 16 .Andonlyapartofitisinthewordsthemselves.Andwhenpartiesarefrom 17 cultures,there’sastrongpossibilityof 18 .Butwhateverthesituation,thebest 19 istoobeytheGoldenRule:
treatothersasyouwouldliketobe 20 .
1.A.straighterB.louderC.harderD.further
2.A.soundsB.invitationsC.feelingsD.messages
3.A.hopeB.receiveC.discoverD.mean
4.A.immediateB.misleadingC.importantD.difficult
5.A.wellB.farC.muchD.long
6.A.ForexampleB.ThusC.HoweverD.Inshort
7.A.tradeB.distanceC.connectionsD.greetings
8.A.eyeB.verbalC.bodilyD.telephone
9.A.strangersB.relativesC.neighboursD.enemies
10.otherwordsB.ontheotherhand
asimilarwayallmeans
11.A.troubleB.conversationC.silenceD.experiment
12.A.disturbingB.helpingC.guidingD.following
13.A.closerB.fasterD.away
14.A.steppingforwardB.goingonC.backingawayD.comingout
15.A.weaknessB.carelessnessC.friendlinessD.coldness
16.A.talkC.laughD.think
17.A.differentB.EuropeanC.LatinoD.rich
18.A.curiosityB.excitement
C.misunderstandingD.nervousness
19.A.chanceB.timeC.resultD.advice
20.A.noticedB.treatedC.respectedD.pleased
Cloze1(2019?
广东省广州市2019届高三第二次模拟考试)
话题
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发射卫星的意义
313
★★★☆☆
16分钟
AlwayswishedtheEarthhadasecondmoonThenyouwillbe 1 tohearthattheChengduAerospaceScienceInstitutehasplanstolaunchmultipleminimoonsoverthenextfewyears.
Similartoour 2 satellite,thelightoftheartificialorb球体willbeobtainedfromthesunand 3 toEarthbyitsmirror﹣likecoating.Accordingtoitsdesigners,the 4 oflightbeingreflectedcanbecontrolledfromEarthandthelightcanevenbe 5 ,ifnecessary.
Whilethemultipleminimoonswillcertainlyappearpicturesque,theirmainpurposeistoconserve 6 TheChengd
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