任务型阅读中难题训练doc.docx
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任务型阅读中难题训练doc.docx
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任务型阅读中难题训练doc
一、高中英语任务型阅读
1.阅读下列短文并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词,每空格1词。
A2014studyfoundthatreadersofashortmysterystoryonaKindleweresignificantlyworseatrememberingtheorderofeventsthanthosewhoreadthesamestoryinpaperback.
Thebrainreadsbyconstructingamentalrepresentationofthetextbasedontheplacementofthepageinthebookandthewordonthepage.Thetactile(触觉的)experienceofabookaidsthisprocess,fromthethicknessofthepagesinyourhandsasyouprogressthroughthestorytotheplacementofawordonthepage.
Surveysabouttheuseofe-readerssuggeststhatthisaffectsareader'ssenseofcontrol.Theinabilitytoturnbacktopreviouspagesorcontrolthetextphysically,eitherthroughmakingwrittennotesorbendingpages,limitsone'ssensoryexperienceandthusreduceslong-termmemoryofthetext.
BeforetheInternet,thebrainreadinalinear(线状的)fashion,takingadvantageofsensorydetailstorememberwherekeyinformationwasinthebookbylayout.
Asweincreasinglyreadonscreens,ourreadinghabitshaveadaptedtoskimatextratherthanreallyabsorbitsmeaning.A2006studyfoundthatpeoplereadonscreensina"F"pattern,readingtheentiretoplinebutthenonlyscanningthroughthetextalongtheleftsideofthepage.Thissortofnonlinearreadingreducescomprehensionandactuallymakesitmoredifficulttofocusthenexttimeyousitdownwithalongerpieceoftext.
TuftsUniversityneuroscientistMaryanneWolfworriesthat"thesuperficialwaywereadduringthedayisaffectinguswhenwehavetoreadwithmorein-depthprocessing."Individualsareincreasinglyfindingitdifficulttositdownandinvolvethemselvesdeeplyinanovel.Asaresult,someresearchersandliterature-lovershavestarteda"slowreading"movement,asawaytocounteracttheirdifficultymakingitthroughabook.
Slow-readingadvocatesrecommendatleast30to45minutesofdailyreadingawayfromthedistractionsofmoderntechnology.Bydoingso,thebraincanreengagewithlinearreading.Thebenefitsofmakingslowreadingaregularhabitarenumerous,reducingstressandimprovingyourabilitytoconcentrate.
Readinganold-fashionednovelisalsolinkedtoimprovingsleep.Whenmanyofusspendourdaysinfrontofscreens,itcanbehardtosignaltoourbodythatit'stimetosleep.Byreadingapaperbookaboutanhourbeforebed,yourbrainentersanewzone,distinctfromthatenactedbyreadingonane-reader.
GreatNewsforPeopleWhoReadActualBooks
Readingin________helpswithcomprehension
●Accordingtoa2014study,readersofashortmysteryonaKindlehadmuchworsememoriesoftheorderofeventsthanthosewhoreadthesamestoryinpaperback.
●Thetactileexperienceofabook________significantlytotheconstructionofamentalrepresentationofthetext.
●Theuseofe-readersinfluencesareader's________tocontrolthetextphysically,whichlimitsone'ssensoryexperience.Makingone________torememberthetextforalongtime.
________oftworeadinghabits
●Peoplereadactualbooksinalinearfashion,usingtheirsensestokeepinmindthe________ofkeyinformation.
●Whenwereadonscreens,we________thedeepermeaningofthetext.
●Peoplereadonscreensinan"F"pattern,makingitdifficultforthemtoreadthroughlongtexts.
Benefitsofslowreading
●The"slowreading"movementismeanttogivereadersarelatively________timetofullyappreciateawholebook.
●Atleast30to45minutesofdailyreadingonpapermakesyouless________andincreaseyourconcentration.
●Readinganold-fashionednovelhelpsus________better.
【答案】print;contributes;ability;unable/fail;Explanations/Comparisons;location;miss;easy/easier;stressed/anxious/worried;sleep
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了阅读纸质书籍有助于对书内容的理解,对比了阅读纸质书籍和电子书籍这两种阅读习惯,说明了慢读和阅读纸质书籍的好处。
(1)考查信息归纳。
根据第一段"A2014studyfoundthatreadersofashortmysterystoryonaKindleweresignificantlyworseatrememberingtheorderofeventsthanthosewhoreadthesamestoryinpaperback.”;以及第二段“Thebrainreadsbyconstructingamentalrepresentationofthetextbasedontheplacementofthepageinthebookandthewordonthepage.Thetactile(触觉的)experienceofabookaidsthisprocess,fromthethicknessofthepagesinyourhandsasyouprogressthroughthestorytotheplacementofawordonthepage"可知,2014年的一项研究发现,在Kindle上阅读一篇短篇侦探小说的读者,相比读平装书上同一篇小说的读者,在记忆情节顺序方面明显逊色很多。
大脑在阅读时会根据书页在书中的位置以及单词在书页上的位置构建文本的心理表征。
在阅读过程中,你手中逐渐变厚的书页,还是一个单词在页面上所处的位置,纸质书的这类触觉体验都促进了大脑的上述运作过程。
所以前两段在主要说明阅读纸质书籍有助于对书内容的理解。
故填print。
(2)考查同义转换。
根据第二段中的“Thetactile(触觉的)experienceofabookaidsthisprocess”可知,纸质书的这类触觉体验都促进了大脑的上述运作过程。
aid可以用contributeto替换,都表示“有助于”。
故填contributes。
(3)考查信息归纳。
根据第三段中的"Surveysabouttheuseofe-readerssuggeststhatthisaffectsareader'ssenseofcontrol。
Theinabilitytoturnbacktopreviouspagesorcontrolthetextphysically."可知,关于电子阅读器使用情况的调查显示,这影响了读者的控制感。
读者不能翻回到之前的页面,也不能用有形的方式控制文本。
所以电子阅读器的使用会影响读者用有形的方式控制文本的能力。
故填ability。
(4)考查同义转换。
根据第三段中的"…thusreduceslong-termmemoryofthetext."可知,因此降低了对文本的长期记忆。
所以通过"reduce"可以判断出,unable/failtodo“未能做某事”符合句意。
故填unable/fail。
(5)考查归纳概括。
根据第四段"BeforetheInternet,thebrainreadinalinear(线状的)fashion,takingadvantageofsensorydetailstorememberwherekeyinformationwasinthebookbylayout.”;以及第五段中的“Asweincreasinglyreadonscreens,ourreadinghabitshaveadaptedtoskimatextratherthanreallyabsorbitsmeaning."可知,没有互联网的时候,大脑以线状的方式阅读,利用感官细节按版面编排记住书中的关键信息。
随着我们越来越多地在屏幕上阅读,我们的阅读习惯已经适应了略读文本而不是真正吸收其含义。
所以第四段,第五段在对比两种阅读习惯。
故填Explanations/Comparisons。
(6)考查同义转换。
根据第四段"BeforetheInternet,thebrainreadinalinear(线状的)fashion,takingadvantageofsensorydetailstorememberwherekeyinformationwasinthebookbylayout."可知,没有互联网的时候,大脑以线状的方式阅读,利用感官细节按版面编排记住书中的关键信息。
"layout"可用location替换,都表示“位置”。
故填location。
(7)考查归纳概括。
根据第五段中的"Asweincreasinglyreadonscreens,ourreadinghabitshaveadaptedtoskimatextratherthanreallyabsorbitsmeaning."可知,随着我们越来越多地在屏幕上阅读,我们的阅读习惯已经适应了略读文本而不是真正吸收其含义。
所以通过"ratherthanreallyabsorbitsmeaning"可知,用miss“错过”概括。
故填miss。
(8)考查同义转换。
根据第六段中的"Asaresult,someresearchersandliterature-lovershavestarteda"slowreading"movement,asawaytocounteracttheirdifficultymakingitthroughabook."可知,因此,一些研究人员和文学爱好者开始了一场“慢读”运动,以抵消他们阅读时的困难。
所以通过"counteracttheirdifficulty"可知,用easy/easier“容易的”替换。
故填easy/easier。
(9)考查同义转换。
根据第七段中的"Thebenefitsofmakingslowreadingaregularhabitarenumerous,reducingstressandimprovingyourabilitytoconcentrate."可知,养成慢速阅读的习惯有很多好处,可以减轻压力,提高注意力。
所以通过"stress"可以判断出,stressed/anxious/worried“焦虑的”可以替换。
故填stressed/anxious/worried。
(10)考查信息归纳。
根据第八段中的"Readinganold-fashionednovelisalsolinkedtoimprovingsleep"可知,读一本老式小说也有助于改善睡眠。
故填sleep。
【点评】本题考点涉及信息归纳,同义转换和归纳概括三个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生准确掌握所给材料,根据上下文的逻辑关系,结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识,做出正确答案。
2.(2019•江苏)请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
TheCostofThinking
Despitetheirmanydifferences,allhumanbeingsshareseveraldefiningcharacteristics,suchaslargebrainsandtheabilitytowalkuprightontwolegs.
Thefirstuniquehumancharacteristicisthathumanshaveextraordinarilylargebrainscomparedwithotheranimals.Itseemsobviousthatevolutionshouldselectforlargerbrains.Mammals(哺乳动物)weighingsixtykilogramshaveanaveragebrainsizeof200cm2.Modernmanhasabrainaveraging1200-1400cm2.Wearesofondofourhighintelligencethatweassumethatwhenitcomestobrainpower,moremustbebetter.Unfortunately,thatisnotthecase.
Thefactisthatahugebrainisahugedrain—consumptionofenergy—onthebody.I'snoteasytocarryaround,especiallywhenboxedinsideamassiveskull(倾骨).It'sevenhardertoprovidesenergy.Inmodernman,thebrainaccountsforabout2-3%oftotalbodyweightbutitconsumes25%ofthebody'senergywhenthebodyisatrest.Bycomparison,thebrainsofapes(类人猿)requireonly8%ofrest-timeenergy.Earlyhumanspadfortheirlargebrainsintwoways.Firstly,theyspentmoretimeinsearchfood.Secondly,theirmusclesgrewsmallerandweaker.It'shardlyanobviousconclusionthatthisisagoodwaytosurvive.Achimpanzee(黑猩猩)can'twinanargumentwithamodernman,butitcantearthemanapartlikearagdoll.
Anotheruniquehumancharacteristicisthatwewalkupright.Standingup,it'seasiertofindfoodorenemies.Inaddition,theirarmsthatareunnecessaryformovingaroundarefreedforotherpurposes,likethrowingstonesorsignaling.Asaresult,humanscanperformverycomplextaskswiththeirhands.
Yetwalkinguprighthasitsdisadvantage.Thebonestructureofourancestorsdevelopedformillionsofyearstosupportacreaturethatwalkedonallfoursandhasarelativelysmallhead.Adjustingtoanuprightpositionwasquiteachallenge,especiallywhentheboneshadtosupportanextra-largeskull.Humankindpaidforitsbroadvisionandskillfulhandsbackachesandpainfulnecks.
Weassumethatalargebrainmakeshugeadvantages.Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemostpowerfulanimalonearth.Buthumansenjoyedalloftheseadvantagesforafull2millionyearsduringwhichtheyremainedweakandmarginalcreature.Thushumanswholivedamillionyearsago,despitetheirbigbrainsandsharpstonetools,livedinconstantfearofmeat-eatinganimals.
TheCostofThinking
Introduction
•Largebrainsfortheirbodiesandtheabilitytowalkuprightaretwo________ofhumanbeings.
The________oflargehumanbrains
•Thelargerbrainsmaynotbebetterbecauseofthecost.
•Thebigbrainsmakeitharderforthebodytomovearoundandconsumemoreenergy.
•Theanimalbrainrequiresless________whenthebodyisatrest.
•Largehumanbrainsconsumemorefood,andweakenmuscles.
The________of
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