海商法 双语.docx
- 文档编号:8785393
- 上传时间:2023-02-01
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:35
- 大小:36.60KB
海商法 双语.docx
《海商法 双语.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《海商法 双语.docx(35页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
海商法双语
海商法概述
I.Definition概念
1.Maritimelawisasetoflegalrulesregulatingthemaritimetransportandships.海商法是调整特定的海上运输关系和船舶关系的法律总称。
2.Subjectmatter海商法的调整对象
*relationsarisingfrommaritimetransport海上运输中发生的法律关系
i.e.contract,tortandotherrelationsfrommaritimetransport
(2)relationsarisingfromships与船舶有关的特定社会关系
i.e.legalstatusofships,realrightsofships,managementofships
II.Characteristics海商法的性质
*civillawv.commerciallaw海商法隶属于民法还是商法
*nationallegislationv.int’llaw海商法是国内法还是国际法
III.Thesourcesofmaritimelaw海商法的渊源
1.Nationallegislations国内法
MaritimeCode
RegulationontheRegistrationofShips
2.Int’ltreaties国际条约
Int’lConventiononStandardofTraining,CertificateandWatch-keepingforSeafarers
3.Customs国际惯例
York-AntwerpRules
Int’lpracticemaybeappliedtomattersforwhichneithertherelaventlawsofthePRCnoranyinternationaltreatyconcludedoraccedetobythePRCcontainanyrelevantprovisions.
4.Cases司法判例
Chapter1
Ships船舶
§1.1Shipsinbrief
船舶概述
Definition(船舶的概念)
Legalnature(船舶的法律本质)
Nationalityofaship(船舶的国籍)
I.Definition定义
*Alargecraftinwhichpersonsandgoodsmaybeconveyedonwater.广义上是指大型水上航行工具。
*Art.3ofMaritimeCode:
Shipsmeanssea-goingshipsandothermobileunits,butdoesnotincludeshipsorcrafttobeusedformilitaryorpublicservicepurposes,norsmallshipsoflessthan20tonsgrosstonnage.狭义上的船舶
1.sea-goingshipsandothermobileunits(关于海船及其他海上移动式装置)
2.shipsusedformilitaryorpublicservicepurposes(用于军事、政府公务的船舶)
3.smallshipslessthan20tonsgrosstonnage(20总吨以下的小型船艇)
II.Legalnature船舶的法律本质
*Shipisacompositionofmanyparts.(船舶是合成物)
*Shipsisapersonalproperty,itissometimestreatedasarealproperty.(船舶是动产,但也有按照不动产处理的情形)
3.Shipisaproperty,itissometimespersonifized.(船舶是物,但有时也作拟人化处理)
III.Nationalityofaship船舶的国籍
1.Theimportanceofaship’snationality船舶国籍的重要性
Int’l:
eg.1958ConventionontheHighSeas
National:
eg.transportandtowagebetweentheportsofPRCshallbeundertakenbyshipsflyingtheChineseflag
2.Conditionsforthegrantofnationality授予船舶国籍的条件
*Generalprovisions国际法上的一般规定
eg.UNConventionontheLawoftheSea:
EveryStateshallfixtheconditionsforthegrantofitsnationalitytoships,fortheregistrationofshipsinitsterritory,andfortherighttoflyitsflag.TheremustexistagenuinelinkbetweentheStateandtheship.
Case:
SaintVincentandtheGrenadines
vs.
theRepublicofGuinea
OnOct28,1997,aGuineanpatrolboatsarrestedashipSAIGAatthesouthernlimitofGuinea’sexclusiveeconomiczone.TheSAIGAisanoiltankerflyingtheflagofGrenadines.ItisownedbyashippingcompanyofCyprus.
(2)PRCRules我国的规定
ShipsownedbycitizensofthePRCwhoseresidencesorprincipalplacesofbusinessarelocatedwithintheterritory;
ShipsownedbyenterpriseswithlegalpersonstatusestablishedunderthelawsofPRCandwhoseprincipalplacesofbusinessarelocatedwithintheterritory.
3.Flagofconvenience方便旗
*Aflagofconvenienceshipisonethatfliestheflagofacountryotherthanthecountryofownership.
*Aflagofconveniencecountryisconsideredtobeacountrywithwhatiscalledanopenregistry,whichmakesabusinessfromgrantingitsflagstoallkindsofvessels,includingfishingvessels,thatareownedbynationalsfromotherStates.
Listofflagsofconveniencecountries
*AntiguaandBarbuda
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bermuda(UK)
Bolivia
Burma
Cambodia
CaymanIslands
Comoros
Cyprus
EquatorialGuinea
FrenchInternationalShipRegister(FIS)
GermanInternationalShipRegister(GIS)
Georgia
*Gibraltar(UK)
Honduras
Jamaica
Lebanon
Liberia
Malta
MarshallIslands(USA)
Mauritius
Mongolia
NetherlandsAntilles
NorthKorea
Panama
SaoTomeandPríncipe
StVincent
SriLanka
Tonga
Vanuatu
§1.2Realrightsofships
船舶物权
*Ownershipofships(船舶所有权)
*Mortgageofships(船舶抵押权)
*Maritimeliensofships(船舶优先权)
*Possessorylienofships(船舶留置权)
I.Ownershipofships船舶所有权
*Definition概念
Art.7ofMaritimeCode:
theshipowner’srighttolawfullypossess,utilize,profitfromanddisposeoftheshipinhisownership(船舶所有人依法对其船舶享有占有、使用、收益、处分的权利)
2.Theacquisition,transferenceorextinctionoftheownership所有权的取得、转让和消灭
(2)transferenceoftheownership转让
thetimeoftransference转让的时间
◆MaritimeCode:
noprovision
◆RealRightsLaw:
Art.23(动产物权的设立和转让,自交付时发生效力,但法律另有规定的除外)
◆Case:
Chineseshipbreakervs.US.ship-owner
(4)registrationoftheownership所有权登记
Art.9ofMaritimeCode:
Theacquisition,transferenceorextinctionoftheownershipshallberegisteredattheshipregistrationauthorities;noacquisition,transferenceorextinctionoftheship’sownershipshallactagainstathirdpartyunlessregistered.
Whoisthethirdparty?
II.Maritimelien船舶优先权
*Definition定义
Maritimelienistherightoftheclaimant,subjecttotheprovisionsofArt.22,totakepriorityincompensationagainstship-owners,bareboatchartersorshipoperatorswithrespecttotheshipwhichgaverisetothesaidclaim.
2.Characteristicsofmaritimelien船舶优先权的特点
*Statutoryright法定性
*Accessoryright依附性
*Secretright秘密性
*Preferredright优先性
3.Theitemssecuredbymaritimelien优先权所担保的债权项目
(1)Paymentclaimsforwages,otherremuneration,crewrepatriationandsocialinsurancecostsmadebytheMaster,crewmembersandothermembersofthecomplementinaccordancewiththerelevantlaborlaws,administrativerulesandregulationonlaborcontracts.
(2)Claimsinrespectoflossoflifeorpersonalinjuryoccurredintheoperationoftheship.
(3)Paymentclaimsforship’stonnagedues,pilotagedues,harborduesandotherportcharges.
(4)Paymentclaimsforsalvagepayment.
(5)Compensationclaimsforlossofordamagetopropertyresultingfromtortiousactinthecourseoftheoperationoftheship.
4.Thepriorityofmaritimelien优先权的受偿顺序
*claimssecuredbymaritimelienvs.non-securedclaims船舶优先权担保的债权与无担保的债权
*maritimeliensvs.othersecuredrights(mortgage,possessorylien)优先权与其他担保物权
(3)therankingofdifferentkindsof
claimssecuredbymaritimeliens
优先权担保的不同类海事请求
*toprotecttheinterestsofcrew保护船员利益原则
*claimsforlossoflifeorpersonalinjuryvs.claimsforlossofordamagetoproperty人身伤亡之债优先于财产损害之债
*toprotecttherevenuefromtax保护国家税收原则
*claimsthatcreateconditionsforthesatisfactionofotherclaims为其他债权受偿创造条件的债权
(4)therankingofthesamekindofclaims优先权担保的同类海事请求之间的受偿顺序
*paidinproportionatthesametime按比例同时受偿
*firstintime,lastinright(salvagepayment)先发生后受偿
Art.23:
Themaritimeclaimssetoutinparagraph1ofArt.22shallbesatisfiedintheorderlisted.However,anyofthemaritimeclaimssetoutinsub-paragraph(4)arisinglaterthanthoseundersub-paragraph
(1)through(3)shallhavepriorityoverthoseundersub-paragraph
(1)through(3).
*Incasetherearemorethantwomaritimeclaimsundersub-paragraphs
(1)
(2)(3)(5),theyshallbesatisfiedatthesametimeregardlessoftheirrespectiveoccurrences;wheretheycouldnotbepaidinfull,theyshallbepaidinproportion.
*Shouldtherebemorethantwomaritimeclaimsundersub-paragraph(4),thosearisinglatershallbesatisfiedfirst.
*thelegalcostsforenforcingthemaritimeliens行使优先权产生的诉讼费用
*theexpensesforpreservingandsellingtheship保存、拍卖船舶产生的费用
*theexpensesfordistributionoftheproceedsofsale分配船舶价款产生的费用
*otherexpensesincurredforthecommoninterestsoftheclaimants为海事请求人的共同利益支付的其他费用
5.Theextinctionofmaritimeliens优先权的消灭
*Themaritimeclaimattachedbyamaritimelienhasnotbeenenforcedwithinoneyearoftheexistenceofsuchmaritimelien除斥期间届满
*Theshiphasbeenthesubjectofaforcedsalebythecourt强制出售
*Theshiphasbeenlost船舶灭失
Case:
闽安8号拍卖争议案——海事法院委托拍卖行拍卖船舶的效力
*案情:
1996.12,某海事法院对扣押中的船舶——闽安8号,委托某拍卖市场进行拍卖。
该拍卖市场以自己的名义发布广告,依照拍卖法规定的程序组织实施了全部拍卖活动,最终竞买人——某船务公司签署了《拍卖成交确认书》,并经公证部门公证。
船舶在海事法院扣押期间,遭到严重损坏,致使竞买人未能已约定的船舶状态取得船舶。
竞买人向拍卖人提出赔偿请求。
*判决:
一、二审法院对竞买人的请求不予支持,最高院驳回再审的通知书称,“本案所设拍卖属于司法拍卖,不适用于《拍卖法》”。
“拍卖标的在交接前始终处于司法扣押之下,拍卖市场对闽安8号没有保管和向船务公司交付义务,在拍卖过程中也没有过失”。
故驳回再审请求。
II.Mortgageofships船舶抵押权
*Definition定义
It’stherightofpreferredcompensationenjoyedbythemortgageeofthatshipfromtheproceedsoftheauctionsalemadeinaccordancewithlawwhereandwhenthemortgagorfailstopayhisdebttothemortgageesecuredbythemortgageoftheship.
*theobjectofmortgage抵押权的客体
shipanditsapparel,
vesselunderconstruction,
compensationpaidfromtheinsurancecoverageonaccountofthelossoftheship
(2)withrespecttoaship提供的船舶
(3)theproceedsoftheauctionsale依法拍卖为其实现方式
2.Therankingofthemortgages抵押权的受偿顺序
Art.19:
Therankingofthemortgagesshallbedeterminedaccordingtothedatesoftheirrespectiveregistrations.Themortgagesregisteredonthesamedatesshallrankequallyforpayment.
以抵押权登记的先后顺序为准,同日登记的按同一顺序受偿。
III.Possessorylienofships船舶留置权
*It’stherightoftheshipbuilderorrepairertosecurethebuildingorrepairingcostoftheshipbymeansofdetainingtheshipinhispossessionwhentheotherpartytothecontractfailsintheperformancethereof.造船人、修船人在合同另一方未履行合同时,可以留置所占有的船舶,以保证造船、修船费用得以偿还的权利。
Chapter2
ContractofCarriageofGoodsbySea
海上货物运输合同
§2.1Introduction概述
*Definitionofcontractofcarriageofgoodsbysea
*Basictypesofcontracts
*Formationandcancellationofcontracts
*Carrier’sresponsibilitiesandrights
*Shipper’sresponsibilitiesandrights
I.DefinitionofCOGS海上货物运输合同的概念
*It’sacontractunderwhichthecarrier,againstpaymentoffreight,undertakestocarrybyseathegoodscontractedforshipmentbytheshipperfromtheportofacountrytoano
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 海商法 双语