托福TPO真题阅读每日解析Groundwater答案解析.docx
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托福TPO真题阅读每日解析Groundwater答案解析.docx
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托福TPO真题阅读每日解析Groundwater答案解析
智课网TOEFL备考资料
托福TPO真题阅读每日解析—Groundwater答案解析
摘要:
本文内容为欣宇老师精心分析的前一天TPO阅读文章各项内容,包括文章逐句翻译、答案及题目解析、段意及难句分析和词汇汇总四部分内容。
全面、精细、深入地剖析具有生命的每一篇
原文链接:
托福TPO真题阅读每日解析—Groundwater答案解析来源:
小马过河作者:
心语
本文系小马过河论坛会员原创文章,转载请注明出处
Groundwater答案及题目解析
Key:
1.C2.C3.B4.D5.D6.A7.A8.A9.C10.B11.D12.A13.D14.123
题目解析:
1.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph1aboutthegroundthatwewalkon?
(InferenceQuestion)
A.Itcannotholdrainwaterforlongperiodsoftime.
B.Itpreventsmostgroundwaterfromcirculating.
C.Itabsorbsmostofthewateritcontainsfromrivers.
D.Ithasthecapacitytostorelargeamountsofwater.
相关原句:
Atfirstthoughtitseemsincrediblethattherecanbeenoughspaceinthe“solid”groundunderfoottoholdallthiswater.(Paragraph1)
本题解析:
文中指出地下居然能储存这麽多水是不可思议的,也就是说地下可以存储大量水,因此选择D。
正确答案:
D
2.Theword“incredible”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto(VocabularyQuestion)
A.Unbelievable
B.Comforting
C.Confusing
D.Interesting
相关原句:
Atfirstthoughtitseemsincrediblethattherecanbeenoughspaceinthe“solid”groundunderfoottoholdallthiswater.(Paragraph1)
本题解析:
incredible意为“不可思议的”,即“难以相信的(unbelievable)”,因此选择A。
正确答案:
A
3.Theword“outofsight”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto(VocabularyQuestion)
A.Faraway
B.Partlyvisible
C.Hidden
D.Discovered
相关原句:
Bedsofthismaterial,outofsightbeneaththesoil,arecommon.(Paragraph2)
本题解析:
Outofsight意为“看不见的”,文中指被土壤掩盖了的,即“藏起来的(hidden)”,因此选择C。
正确答案:
C
4.Accordingtoparagraph2,whereisgroundwaterusuallyfound?
(FactualInformationQuestion)
A.Insidepiecesofsandandgravel
B.Ontopofbedsofrock
C.Infastriversthatareflowingbeneaththesoil
D.Inspacesbetweenpiecesofsediment
相关原句:
Thecommonestspacesarethoseamongtheparticles—sandgrainsandtinypebbles—ofloose,unconsolidatedsandandgravel.(Paragraph2)
本题解析:
第二段指出最普遍的地下水存储空间在于疏松土壤和沙石间的空隙,因此选择D。
正确答案:
D
5.Thephrase“glacialoutwash”inthepassagerefersto(ReferenceQuestion)
A.Fastrivers
B.Glaciers
C.Thehugevolumesofwatercreatedbyglacialmelting
D.Theparticlescarriedinwaterfrommeltingglaciers
相关原句:
Thewaterwasalwaysladenwithpebbles,gravel,andsand,knownasglacialoutwash,thatwasdepositedastheflowsloweddown.(Paragraph2)
本题解析:
“glacialoutwash”指的即是河水所承载的鹅卵石、沙石和沙子等,因此选择D。
正确答案:
D
6.Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagraph3asplacesthatsediment-ladenriverscandeposittheirsedimentsEXCEPT(NegativeFactualInformationQuestion)
A.Amountainvalley
B.Flatland
C.Alakefloor
D.Theseafloor
相关原句:
…whereverasediment-ladenriverorstreamemergesfromamountainvalleyontorelativelyflatland,droppingitsloadasthecurrentslows…(Paragraph3)
Sedimentsarealsodroppedwhereariverslowsonenteringalakeorthesea,thedepositedsedimentsareonalakefloorortheseaflooratfirst…(Paragraph3)
本题解析:
本段指出了三处沉积物沉淀的地点:
平地(flatland),湖床(alakefloor),海床(theseafloor)。
山谷(mountainvalley)是沉淀物的来源地,不是沉淀地点,因此选择A。
正确答案:
A
7.Theword“overlie”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto(VocabularyQuestion)
A.Cover
B.Change
C.Separate
D.Surround
相关原句:
Inlowlandcountryalmostanyspotonthegroundmayoverliewhatwasoncethebedofariverthathassincebecomeburiedbysoil;(Paragraph4)
本题解析:
overlie意为“叠加、覆盖”,与cover同义,因此选择A。
正确答案:
A
8.Thephrase“somuchfor”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto(VocabularyQuestion)
A.Thatisenoughabout
B.Nowletusturnto
C.Ofgreaterconcernare
D.Thisisrelatedto
相关原句:
Somuchforunconsolidatedsediments.(Paragraph5)
本题解析:
somuchfor意为“暂时说这些…”,文章接下来要讲述有关consolidatedsediments,因此关于上文中的疏松沉淀物暂时谈这些。
因此选择A。
正确答案:
A
9.Theword“plugged”inthepassageisclosetinmeaningto(VocabularyQuestion)
A.Washed
B.Dragged
C.Filledup
D.Soakedthrough
相关原句:
Thisisbecausethegapsamongtheoriginalgrainsareoftennottotallypluggedwithcementingchemicals;(Paragraph5)
本题解析:
plug意为“塞住”,指沙石缝隙被“填塞住(fillup)”,因此选择C。
正确答案:
C
10.Accordingtoparagraphs6and7,whyisbasaltunlikemostcrystallineformsofrock?
(FactualInformationQuestion)
A.Itisunusuallysolid
B.Itoftenhashighporosity.
C.Ithasalowproportionofemptyspace.
D.Itishighlypermeable.
相关原句:
Mostcrystallinerocksaremuchmoresolid;acommonexceptionisbasalt,aformofsolidifiedvolcaniclava,whichissometimesfulloftinybubblesthatmakeitveryporous.(Paragraph6)
本题解析:
大多数结晶岩石都很坚硬,而玄武岩不同,它具有很多气孔(veryporous),因此选择B。
正确答案:
B
11.Whatisthemainpurposeofparagraph7?
(RhetoricalPurposeQuestion)
A.Toexplainwhywatercanflowthroughrock
B.Toemphasizethelargeamountofemptyspaceinallrock
C.Topointoutthatarockcannotbebothporousandpermeable
D.Todistinguishbetweentworelatedpropertiesofrock
相关原句:
Butnotethatporosityisnotthesameaspermeability…(Paragraph7)
本题解析:
本段主要对多孔性和可渗透性这两个岩石的性质做了区别,因此选择D。
正确答案:
D
12.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?
(SentenceSimplificationQuestion)
A.Surfacetensionisnotstrongenoughtoretaindropsofwaterinrockswithlargeporesbutitstrongenoughtoholdontothinfilmsofwaterinrockswithsmallpores.
B.Waterinrocksisheldinplacebylargeporesanddrainsawayfromsmallsizeporesthroughsurfacetension.
C.Smallporesandlargeporesbothinteractwithsurfacetensiontodeterminewhetherarockwillholdwaterasheavydropsorasathinfilm.
D.Iftheforceofsurfacetensionistooweaktoholdwaterinplaceasheavydrops,thewaterwillcontinuetobeheldfirmlyinplaceasathinfilmwhenlargeporesexist.
相关原句:
Iftheporesarelarge,thewaterinthemwillexistasdropstooheavyforsurfacetensiontohold,anditwilldrainaway;butiftheporesaresmallenough,thewaterinthemwillexistasthinfilms,toolighttoovercometheforceofsurfacetensionholdingtheminplace;thenthewaterwillbefirmlyheld.(Paragraph9)
本题解析:
本句指出:
如果孔大,其中的水会变为水滴,水滴太沉,岩石表面张力握不住,水便会排出;但如果孔足够小,其中的水会变成薄膜,薄膜很轻,无法挣脱表面张力的控制,这样水便会被紧紧收住。
因此选择A。
注意:
C选项错误在于:
并不是孔与张力相互作用,而应是水与张力相互作用。
正确答案:
A
13.Lookatthefoursquares[█]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.(InsertTextQuestion)
What,then,determineswhatproportionofthewaterstaysandwhatproportiondrainsaway?
Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?
Clickonasquaretoaddthesentencetothepassage.
Muchofthewaterinasampleofwater-saturatedsedimentorrockwilldrainfromitifthesampleisputinasuitabledryplace.█(A)Butsomewillremain,clingingtoallsolidsurfaces.█(B)Itisheldtherebytheforceofsurfacetensionwithoutwhichwaterwoulddraininstantlyfromanywetsurface,leavingittotallydry.█(C)Thetotalvolumeofwaterinthesaturatedsamplemustthereforebethoughtofasconsistingofwaterthatcan,andwaterthatcannot,drainaway.█(D)What,then,determineswhatproportionofthewaterstaysandwhatproportiondrainsaway?
本题解析:
插入句中“whatproportionofthewaterstays”与“whatproportiondrainsaway”暗示着其前一句必有关于两种水份的存在的内容,而原段末句恰总结了岩石中所含种水份“waterthatcanandwaterthatcannotdrainaway”,因此选择D。
正确答案:
D
14.Directions:
Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthepassageorareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.(ProseSummaryQuestion)
Muchofthegroundisactuallysaturatedwithwater.
●
●
●
Answerchoices
1.Sedimentsthatholdwaterwerespreadbyglaciersandarestillspreadbyriversandstreams.(√)
2.Waterisstoredundergroundinbedsofloosesandandgravelorincementedsediment.(√)
3.Thesizeofasaturatedrock’sporesdetermineshowmuchwateritwillretainwhentherockisputinadryplace.(√)
4.Groundwateroftenremainsundergroundforalongtimebeforeitemergesagain.
5.Likesandstone,basaltisacrystallinerockthatisveryporous.
6.Bedsofunconsolidatedsedimentsaretypicallylocatedatinlandsitesthatwereonceunderwater.
本题解析:
正确答案应陈述文章主要内容----承载地下水的物质(疏松沉淀物和非疏松沙石)以及其吸附水份的空间。
1.选项内容指出了疏松沉淀物来自于冰川或河流的扩展,文中二三两段中描述了冰川和如今的河流如何将承载的疏松物质沉淀下来,1正确。
2.选项内容总结了地下水储存的两种物质:
疏松沉积物和非疏松沙石,2正确。
3.选项内容指出了地下蓄水岩石的孔大小决定了水份被排除还是被保留,末端总结了这一内容:
孔大则水排出,孔小则水储存,3正确。
4.属细节内容,4错误。
5.属细节内容,5错误。
6.文中指出非疏松沉积物后来有可能位移至内陆,但并未说明内陆曾经有地下水(wereonceunderwater),6错误。
正确答案:
1,2,3
l段意及难句解析:
●第一段:
段意:
讲述何为地下水以及其最主要的形式之一:
气象水。
难句分析:
1.Ordinarymeteoricwateriswaterthathassoakedintothegroundfromthesurface,fromprecipitation(rainandsnow)andfromlakesandstreams.
短语:
soakinto:
渗入
主干:
Ordinarymeteoricwateriswaterthathassoakedintotheground…
释义:
普通气象水是那些通过地表,从降水和河流渗入到地下的水分。
2.Thereitremains,sometimesforlongperiods,beforeemergingatthesurfaceagain.Atfirstthoughtitseemsincrediblethattherecanbeenoughspaceinthe“solid”groundunderfoottoholdallthiswater.
短语:
atfirstthought:
起初看来
分句:
thereit
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