中考英语介词专题复习学案设计.docx
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中考英语介词专题复习学案设计.docx
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中考英语介词专题复习学案设计
中考英语介词专题复习
一、知识框架
二、知识点讲解
Ⅰ.介词分类
一、表时间的介词
about大约...,after在…以后,at在…(时刻),before在…以前,
by到…为止,during在…期间,for有…(之久),from从…(时)起,
in在(上/下午);在(多久)以后,on在(某日),past过了…(时),
since自从…(至今),through贯穿…(期间),till直到…时,
until直到…时,to到(下一时刻),eversince从那时起至今,
atthebeginningof在...开始时,attheendof在...末,
inthemiddleof在...当中,atthetimeof在...时
二、表地点的介词
over(正上方)、above(上方的一片)、on(接触的平面)
under(正下方)、below(下方的一片)
at+小地方(场所如学校、医院、剧场等)
in+大地方(州、区域、国家、城镇、)
on+门牌,某层楼
across在…对面(goacross从平面穿过/gothrough从立体的)
through与across、over的用法区别:
through指“穿过…(门洞/人群/树林)”;across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互换,但是表示“翻过…”时只能用over.
如:
Justthenaratranacrosstheroad.
Thereisabridgeacross/overtheriver.
Theyclimbedoverthemountainandarrivedthereaheadoftime.
Thevisitorswentthroughabiggateintoanotherpark.
among在…中间(三者以上之间)
between在...之间(两者之间,两两相互之间)、
infrontof在...前(外部)inthefrontof在...前(内部)
如:
Acarwasparkinginfrontofthehall
Inthefrontofthehallstoodabigdesk.
closeto靠近...,
三、表方位的介词
across横越...,against对抗...,along沿着...,around绕着...,
at朝着...,behind向…后面,between…and…从…到...,
by路过/通过..down向…下,for向...,from从/离...,
in进入...,into进入...,inside到...里面,near接近...,
off脱离/除...,on在...上,outof向...外,outside向....外,
over跨过...,past经过/超过...,through穿过...,to向/朝...,
towards朝着...,onto到...上面,onto到...上面,awayfrom远离...
四、表方式、手段的介词
as作为/当作...
by用/由/乘坐/被...
in用…(语言),
like与…一样,
on骑(车)/徒(步),通过(收音机/电视机),
through通过...,
with用(材料/工具)、用(手/脚/耳/眼);
without没有…
Ⅱ.常用介词用法归纳
一、介词:
except、besides、exceptfor
except除掉…,不包括….,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含
besides除了…还有,表示包含,即“不仅……又……”
exceptfor美中不足
EveryonewenttothePalaceMuseumexceptTom.)(Tom没有去故宫)
BesidesChinesehealsostudiedmanyothersubjects.(“汉语”也是他学的功课之一)
批注:
谐音记忆法:
“包含”和“besides”首字母都有b,有b的(besides)是包含,没b的(except,exceptfor)是不包含。
2、介词for
1.为了Idoitforyou.
2.一段时间Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime
3.对于It’sdifficultforhimtofinishthetask.
4.因为Iamsorryforhismisfortune.
3、介词to
1.给Igivethepresenttoyou.
2.对…而言Thepresentisimportanttome
4、介词with
1.由于…withpleasure
2.带有thegirlwithlonghair
3.用Icanwritewithapen
4.和….一起Wewillgowithyou
5.without无,没有
5、介词in
1.在…(方面)dowellin
2.在….时候intheevening
3.在….地方inBeijing
6、介词on
1.关于/有关..abookonhistory
2.在….时候onFriday
3.在….上onthedesk
7、介词as
1.与…一样Youhavethesameinterestasme.
2.as作为/当作...Heworksasawriter.
8、介词from
1.来自comefrom
2.从….到(to)…tellAfromBfromdoortodoor
stop/prevent/protectsb.fromdoingsth.
九、介词有时会与它的宾语分离,而且宾语前置
1.当宾语是疑问词时。
Whoareyoutalkingabout?
2.宾语在从句中当连接词时。
Hehasayoungerbrotherwhohemusttakegoodcareof.
Doyouknowwhoourteacheristalkingwithoverthere?
3.动词不定式作定语且该动词为不及物动词,后面有介词。
Ifinallyfoundachairtositon.
十、记住一些固定词组:
arriveat/in(到达…),onfoot(步行),not…atall(根本不),
tothenorthof(在…以北),intheeastof(在…的东部),inthenight(在夜间),
atnight(在晚上),beafraidof(害怕…),befullof(充满/装满….),
befilledwith(充满/装满….),begood/badfor(对…有益/有害),bemadeof(由…做成),
bemadefrom(由…制造),playwith(玩耍……),lookoutof(朝…外面看),
attheendof(在…末梢/结束时),bytheendof(不迟于…/到…末为止),
withthehelpof(在…的帮助下),withone’shelp(在…的帮助下),
lookafter(照料…),lookfor(寻找…),
onabike(=bybike)骑车,helpsb.with(帮某人做…),
geton(well)with(与某人相处[融洽]),等等。
Ⅲ.常用介词用法区别
1、by、in与with表示方式的用法区别
都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以……方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者;in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。
如:
Weseewithoureyesandwalkwithourfeet.
Pleasewritethatarticle(文章)inEnglish.
Let’sgotothezoobytaxi.
ItwaswrittenbyLaoShe.
2、as与like的区别
两个词都表示“像……”,但是as译为“作为……”,表示的是职业、职务、作用等事实,而like译为“像……一样”,表示外表,不是事实。
Letmespeaktoyouasafather.(说话者是听者的父亲)
Letmespeaktoyoulikeafather.(说话者不是听者的父亲)
3、attheendof、bytheendof、totheend、intheend的用法区别:
attheendof…既可以表示时间也可以表示地点,译为“在…末;在…尽头”,常与过去时连用;
bytheendof…只能表示时间,译为“在…前;到…为止”,常用于过去完成时;
intheend与atlast基本等义,表示“终于、最后”,通常用于过去时;
totheend译为“到…的终点为止”,前面往往有表示运动或连续性的动词。
Bytheendoflasttermwehadlearned16unitsofBookIII.
Attheendoftheroadyoucanfindabigwhitehousewithbrownwindows.
TheyleftforBeijingattheendoflastweek.
Intheendhesucceededinthefinalexams.
Weshouldgoonwiththeworktotheend.
Followthisroadtotheendandyouwillseeapostoffice.
4、but的问题:
用介词but引出另一个动词时,要注意:
如果前面有do,后面就用原形动词,前面没有do时,后面的动词要加to。
如:
Icoulddonothingbutwait.
Theyhadnochoice(选择)buttofight.
Ⅳ.介词短语的句法作用
一、介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。
如:
Themancame
Thewoman
Theteacherisnowwiththepupils.(表)(老师现在和学生在一起)
二、介词短语在句子中的位置:
介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾;介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后;介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。
如:
HewantedtofindagoodjobinShanghaithenextyear.(状语)
Theysearchedtheroomforthethief.
Thelettersareforyou.(表语)
Haveyouseenacatwithablackheadandfourwhitelegs?
(定语)
【课堂小练】
Ⅰ.Choosethebestanswer(选择)
1.Don’tstayinsidesuchasunnymorning.Let’sgoforawalk.
A)onB)inC)fromD)at
2.ThestudentsputashortplayinEnglishonChristmasDay.
A)offB)upC)onD)away
3.PeopleinthewesterncountryoftensingChristmaschorals______ChristmasEve.
A)inB)atC)onD)during
4.Mostteachersthinkuniformscanpreventthestudentsshowingofftheirwealth.
A)offB)inC)byD).from
5.Incomicstrips,thereareusuallybubbles______speechandthoughtsinthepictures.
A)ofB)atC)withD)for
6.
Billmethiswifeonthecampusforthefirsttime________thespringof1971.
A)on
B)in
C)at
D)for
7.
Londonisalmostthesame________otherbigEuropeancities.
A)to
B)with
C)as
D)in
8.The2016G20Summitstarted______September,2016inthecityofHangzhou.
A)fromB)onC)inD)at
9.Althoughtheirclassteacherisverystrict_____them,theystillloveherverymuch.
A)upB)withC)toD)for
10.______theeveningofMarch30th,Adairwaskilledbysomeoneunknown.
A)OnB)AtC)InD)For
11.Shemangedtoescape______totheburningcarlastFriday.
A)ofB)fromC)aroundD)to
12.Stephenlearnedskating_____severalmonthswhenhelivedinGerman.
A)onB)inC)atD)for
13.Theparentshaven’theard_____theirkidinEuropeforalongtime.
A)atB)toC)withD)from
14.InChinaeveryonewouldgohomeforafamilyreunion_______NewYear’sEve.
A)atB)onC)toD)in
15.JackieChen,whowasawardedanOscar,toldthereporterthathewasproud______hiscountry.
A)ofB)withC)forD)out
16.Jennywilldoasurveyandwriteareport_____schooluniforms.
A)inB)ofC)atD)on
17.Thepolicesearchedeverywhereintheforest_____themissingtouristlastnight.
A)forB)withC)ofD)from
18.Gostraightdownthestreetandyou’llseethepostofficeonyourright,______thekindergarten.
A)oppositeB)betweenC)amongD)across
19.Themanagerismuchbetterthanotheremployees_______dealingwiththecustomers’complaints.
A)inB)atC)onD)of
20.Anewsurveyshowsthatmosttravelersarenotsatisfied_________________airportwifi.
A)ofB)forC)aboutD)with
21.HenryFordfoundedhiscarcompany___________________thebeginningofthe20thcentury.
A)inB)byC)forD)at
22.DonaldTrumpwontheelectionandhewilltakeoffice______Jan.20,2017.
A)inB)onC)atD)for
专项训练
专项训练1
Choosethebestanswer(选择)
1.Allpassengersmustarrive______theairporttwohoursbeforethedeparturetime.
A.atB.inC.toD.for
2.Theearthandtheotherplanetsmove______thesun.
A.nearB.afterC.aboutD.around
3.Thereisafire-hosereel______theblackstaircase.
A.onB.atC.inD.for
4.Theyhadanimportantdiscussion______theconference.
A.atB.onC.forD.with
5.I’vejustheard______hisillness.
A./B.fromC.aboutD.with
6.Thecarhitthemananddraggedhim______theroad.
A.inB.onC.alongD.around
7.Thereweretwentypeople_____theparty,includingtwoforeigners.
A.atB.inC.onD.about
8.Thedrivermadeacomplaint_______thetrafficjam.
A.ofB.forC.withD.about
9.Onarrivingatthevillage,soldiers_______oncejoinedthem______theirwork.
A.in...withB.at...inC.at...forD.to...at
10.AstrongearthquakehitPakistaninthemiddleofthemorning_____SaturdayOctober8,2005______8:
50a.m.Itisthestrongestonetohitthecountryinoveracentury.
A.in,atB.on,atC.at,inD.at,on
专项训练2
Choosethebestanswer(选择)
1.Aliceisgood______playingthepiano.
A.inB.atC.toD.for
2.______myopinion,heiswrong.
A.InB.AtC.OnD.From
3.Yourphotoswillbeready______anhour.
A.forB.afterC.untilD.inside
4.Stay______hearingdistanceofthehouse.
A.duringB.insideC.withinD.outside
5.Leaveyourmuddyshoes______thedoor.
A.inB.atC.insideD.outside
6.Sheleftherbaby______hersister’scare.
A.inB.ofC.atD.with
7.Birdsmaketheirnests_______trees.
A.atB.onC.inD.over
8.Hehas______lastsucceeded______becomingadoctor.
A.at...inB.for...inC.in...ofD.at...on
9.Wesat_______completedarkness,waiting______thelightstocomebackon.
A.at,inB.in,forC.in,/D.with,for
10.ManyofthecitizensofParisleavethetown_____theseaside______thesummer.
A.to...inB.for...atC.to...duringD.for...during
专项训练3
Choosethebestanswer(选择)
1.Thereisasheep_______th
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