6大学英语六级考试含参考答案.docx
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6大学英语六级考试含参考答案.docx
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6大学英语六级考试含参考答案
大学英语六级考试(CET6)
(恩波英语研究所命题)
COLLEGEENGLISHTEST
—BandSix—
试题册
(125分钟)
恩波英语模考试卷-
PartⅠWriting(30minutes)
注意:
此部分试题在答题卡1上。
PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
JustTooLoud
TedRueterisn’tjokingaboutpossiblymovingtoNewZealand.Andifhedoesgo,itwon’tbetherageortheexpenseoflivingintheU.S.thatdriveshimaway.Itwillbetheleafblowers.Americansnowownmorethan90millionoftheevilthings,hesays,eachofthemmakingthejoboflawnclearingmucheasier—andmuch,muchlouder.Rueter,aprofessoratUCLAwhoisheadoftheadvocacygroupNoiseFreeAmerica,alreadyfledLosAngelestogetawayfromtheleaf-blowerbother,onlytomovetoNewOrleansandfindtheproblemjustasbadthere.“Everywherehasturnedintoleaf-blowerhell,”hesays.
It’snotjusttheblowersthataredrivingRueterdaft.It’stheboomcars—thosehigh-decibel(高分贝),low-frequencyspeakersonwheelsthatcauseyourwindshieldtobuzzandyoureardrumstopulsewhentheypullupnexttoyouatastoplight.It’sthecaralarmstoo,aswellasthebarkingdogsandthebanginggarbagetrucksandthescreamingairplanesandtheroaringhighways.It’stheexplosionofambient(周围的)noisethatseemstobeeverywhere,costingmoreandmorepeoplenotonlytheirsleepandtheirsanitybutincreasinglytheirhearingandhealthaswell.
AccordingtotheNationalInstitutesofHealth,morethan10millionAmericansalreadysuffersomepermanentnoise-inducedhearingloss.Theyreportthatsome30millionareexposedtodailynoiselevelsthatwilleventuallyreducetheirabilitytohear.Oneineightchildrenbetweentheagesof6and19alreadyhavesomedegreeofhearingloss,andadultswhoaregoingdeafaredoingsoearlierandearlier.“Thegreatestincreaseinnoise-relatedhearinglossoccursforpeople45to64yearsold,”saysDr.JamesBattey,directoroftheNationalInstituteonDeafness.“Thisisalmost20yearsyoungerthanwewouldexpect.”
Andit’snotjustourearsthenoiseishurting.Ittakessoundsinexcessof85db(decibel的缩写)todamagehearing,butnoiseatlessthan75dbmaybelinkedtohypertension,andthatatjust65dbleadstostress,heartdamageanddepression.Thinkthenoiseinyourenvironmentdoesn’trisetothatlevel?
Thinkagain.Aringingtelephonecanreach80db;ahairdryerhits90db;anambulancesirencantopoutat120db.“Noisepollutionistrulyapublichealththreat,”saysRepresentativeNitaLoweyofNewYork,whohasreintroducedabillinCongresstoturndownthevolume.“It’scritical,”shesays,“thatweworktodiminishtheimpactnoisehasonourcommunities.”
TheboomingofAmericahasmanycauses.Populationgrowthincitycenters,lossofrurallandtosuburbansprawl,andthesearingnumberandsizeofcarsonthehighwaysallplayarole.Sotoodoestheentertainmentindustry,withWalkmans,Podsandsurround-soundtheaterspouringnoiseintoconsumers’ears.Evensportsstadiums,alwaysnoisyplaces,havegotlouderasearsplittingcommercialsfillthecomparativelyquietinterludesthatusedtoprevailduringpausesintheaction.
Whatevertherootsoftheproblem,thenoiseisnoweverywhere—andtheworkplacemaybetheworstplaceofall.Atleast20%ofU.S.workersdotheirjobsinenvironmentsthatcouldendangertheirhearing,accordingtoNIOSH.TheU.S.governmentestimatesthatmorethan90%ofcoalminerssufferhearingimpairmentbyage50.Evenfarmsarenotexceptional:
accordingtotheNewYorkCenterforAgriculturalMedicineandHealth,astaggering75%offarmersnowexhibitsomehearingimpairment,mostlyasaresultofnoisyequipment.“Hearinglossisoneofthemostcommonworkplaceconditions,”saysaudiologistTedMadison.
Forkids,theracketstartsinthecradle.Asqueakytoyheldclosetotheear—whichispreciselywherebabiesmayputthem—canreach94db.Atoyxylophone(木琴)canringinat92db.Andsincebabies’earcanalsaresosmall,asoundthatgetsinthemmayknockaroundharderthanitdoesinanadult’searsanddocomparablymoredamage.
Noisecanbecontrolledtoanextent,dependingonthesource.Someofthebiggestsourcesofambientnoisearehighwaysandroads,butthecauseislesshonking(使鸣响)hornsorgunningengines—thoughthoseplayarole—thantireshittingpavement.Flexiblerubbermakingcontactwithasphalt(沥青)doesn’tseemasifitwouldproducealotofnoisebutinfactitdoes.Asanyspotonthetirestrikesthehighway,ithitswiththetrunkofalittlerubberhammer.Also,thepatchoftirethatsincontactwiththegroundatanyinstant—theso-calledtreedblockcansqueaklikeasneakeronagymfloor.Airpumpingthroughtiregroovesmakesnoiseofitsown.
Thesolution,saysengineerBobBernhard,istochangenotthetiresbuttheroadsurface.“Youcanmakethepavementporous,”hesays,“whichaffectstheair-pumpingmechanism.Youcanalsomixalittlerubberinwiththeasphalt,whichchangestheroad’sstiffness.”PoroussurfacesarealreadybeingrolledoutinportsofGeorgia,FloridaandArizona,aswellasinEurope.
Roadnoisethatcannotbeeliminatedcanbecovered.Moreandmorehighwaysarebeingframedbyhighwallsandadditionsthatdolittlefortheviewbutanawfullotforthepeaceandquietnessofthepeoplelivingnearby.Thewallsreducenoisebyeitherreflectingorabsorbingit.Thislow-techthoughpriceyfix—about1millionamile—reducessoundlevelsonlyasmuchas7db,butgiventheexponentialwaynoisepropagates,that’salot.“A10-dbreductionmayworkouttoahalvingofloudness,”saysNicholasMiller,headofHarrisMiller&Hanson,anoise-consultingfirminBurlington,Mass.
Airportnoiseishardertorestrainbutnotimpossible.Anairportcandeterminewhichofitsrunwaysrequireaplanetoflyovertheleastpopulatedareaandusethoseasitsdefaultapproaches.Miller’sfirmrecommendsthatnoisybankingontakeoffsandlandingsoccuroverwaterwherepossible.Otherstudiessuggestthatpilotseliminatethestair-stepmethodofdescendingfromflightandinsteadeasedownatasmoothangletoeliminatealotofnoisythrottling.
Localgovernmentshavealsostartedtostepin.In2002,NewYorkCitylaunchedacampaigncalledOperationSilentNighttocrackdownonnoisein24high-volumeneighborhoods.Policeofficerswithnoisemetersimposefinesfrom45to25,000—thehighestonesgoingtoscofflaw(常违反法规者)businesseslikenightclubs.Noisesummonsesjumped20%inthefirstyear,makingthecitynotonlyquieterbutsafertoo,sincesomeofthenoisiestoffendersturnedouttohaveoutstandingwarrantsformoreseriousoffenses.
TheEuropeanUnionhasbeensomewhatmoreaggressiveincombatingnoise.CallsforexplicitlimitsonnoisewererejectedbytheEuropeanParliament,butcompromiselegislationdoesrequireallmembercountriestoproducecolor-coded,3-Dnoisemapsofallmajorcities,enablingplannerstospotthebiggestproblemsataglance.Themaps,whichhavebeencompletedin2007,canbeusedforcomputermodelstotestthenoiseimpactofanewbuildingorstreetdesignbeforeconstructionbegins.
IntheU.S.,thereisstillnocomparableprogram.RepresentativeLowey’sbill,nowpendinginCongress,wouldprovide20millionayearfornoisereductionandreopentheshutterednoise-abatementoffice.Someappliancesarenowdesignedforreducednoise,andauniform-labelingprogramcouldenableconsumerstocomparedecibellevelsthesamewaytheycompareenergyefficiencyinatoasterordishwasher.
Suchmicromanagementofnoisemayneverbeentirelypossible,butitmaybethebestofanimperfectarrayofoptions.Thealternative—wallingourselvesoffbehindathickeningbarrierofearplugs,triple-glazedwindowsandwhite-noisemachines—maykeepdownthenoise,butitwillalsodeafenustomuchoftheworld,notjustthepartswedon’twanttohear.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1.WhatdoweknowaboutTedRueterfromthepassage?
A)HewillmovefromLosAngelestoNewZealandjustbecausethenoiseoftheleafblowers.
B)HewillmovetoNewZealandbecausethegreatexpenseoflivinginAmerica.
C)HeisnotonlyamemberoftheadvocacygroupNoiseFreeAmericabutalsoaprofessor.
D)HefledAmericaforthatthenoiseofaleafblowerislouderinAmericathanthatinNewZealand.
2.HowmanyAmericansalreadyexperiencesomenoise-inducedhearinglosspermanentlyaccordingtotheNationalInstitutesofHealth?
A)Morethan10million.B)About30million.
C)Lessthan30million.D)Morethan90million.
3.Whichgroupofpeoplehasthegreatestincreaseinthenoise-inducedhearinglossaccordingtotheNationalInstituteonDeafness?
A)Children6to19yearsold.B)Teenagers10to19yearsold.
C)Adults20to45yearsold.D)People45to64yearsold.
4.Whatcanthenoiseofahairdryercause?
A)Hearingdamage.B)Hypertension.C)Heartdamage.D)Depression.
5.Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?
A)ThepopulationgrowthincitycentersistherootofboomingofAmerica.
B)Atleast90percentofAmericansworkinplacesthatcouldendangertheirhearing.
C)Morethan75percentofAmericancoalminersnowexhibitsomehearingimpairmentby50yearsold.
D)Babiesmayputsqueakytoysclosetotheirearswhichcanringinatmorethan90db.
6.Whichistrueofthefollowingstatementsaboutroadnoiseaccordingtothepassage?
A)Roadnoisecanbeeliminatedaccordingtothesource.
B)Themaincausesoftheroadnoisearehonking
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