功能对等理论在网络新词翻译中的应用.docx
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功能对等理论在网络新词翻译中的应用.docx
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功能对等理论在网络新词翻译中的应用
毕业论文
ApplicationofFunctionalEquivalenceintheTranslationofInternetNeologism
功能对等理论在网络新词翻译中的应用
教务处
Abstract:
Intheinformationage,networkvocabularieshavesprungupinpeople’sdailylife,soitisusefulandnecessarytotranslatethemintoanotherlanguageappropriately.Besidesfromthedifferentwaysofthinking,thecharacteristicsoftheinternetneologismsuchasinnovation,humor,vulgarityandcolloquialismhavecausedavarietyofdifficultiesintranslation.Andallsortsofacronymsandabbreviationsalsobringtranslatingtroubles.ButweareluckytofindthatNida’sfunctionalequivalenceisthemostsuitabletheoryforinternetneologism.Basedontheintroductionofthebasictheoryofinternetneologismandfuntionalequivanlance,thepresentpaperconcludesthreemethodstotranslate:
transliteration,literaltranslationandparaphrase.Byusingthem,someofculturalshocksandcommunicationalproblemscanberesolved.
Keywords:
internetneologism;functionalequivalence;methodsoftranslation
Contents
Introduction1
1IntroductiontoInternetNeologism1
1.1Background1
1.2DefinitionsofInternetNeologism2
1.3Characteristics2
2IntroductiontoFunctionalEquivalence2
2.1Reader’sResponse3
2.2ConnotationsoverForms3
3FunctionalEquivalenceinTranslationofInternetNeologism4
3.1ObstaclesintheTranslationofInternetNeologism4
3.1.1DifferentWaysofThinking4
3.1.2Innovation4
3.13Abbreviation4
3.1.4Humor5
3.1.5Vulgarity5
3.1.6Colloquialism6
3.2ApplicationofFunctionalEquivalenceintheTranslationofInternetNeologism6
3.2.1TechniquesforTranslation7
3.2.1.1Transliteration8
3.2.1.2LiteralTranslation8
3.2.1.3Paraphrase9
Conclusions10
Bibliography11
Acknowledgements12
Introduction
Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,sincethereformandopeningpolicy,peoplecanaffordcomputerseasilywhichhavebeenplayingamoreandmoreimportantrollinpeople’slife.Becauseofglobalintegration,thecomputerbecomesanecessarytooltoexchangeinformationofeconomyandpolicy.
Thankstotheprogressofscienceandtechnology,alargenumberofnewwordsareproduced.Atthesametimesciencemakessomeoldwordswithnewmeanings.Suchas:
Fax,laserprinter,videophone,IC(integratedcircuit),test-tubebaby(IVF).Familiarwiththevocabularyhasalsogainednewmeaning,suchas:
“Window”aWindowsPCmeaningwidelyknown,andthe“mouse”peoplesoonassociate“mouse”.Theapplicationofcomputertechnologyhasspreadtoeverycorneroflife,ischangingourwaysoflife.
Wecouldseepeoplesurfingtheinternetwhereveryouare,weatherthroughlaptoportelephone.Gradually,somenewtermsrelatednewphenomenaspringup,includingassociatedwithbothnewthingsandcertaintoughproblems.
Allinall,Networknewwordsarethosewidelyusedtermscreatedbypeoplewhentheyusingtheinternet.Fromthisangle,thosenewtermsarenotonlyasocialphenomena,butimportantcommunicationtooltopassinformationorexpressideasofthemedia;soitisnecessarytofindabetterwaytotranslatethem,sooneoftheobvioustraitsinthetranslatingwillbeinvolvedaboutthecultureandcustom.
Inanotherword,tobeeffectiveindoingso,sometheorymustbechosetoguideintranslating,thoughitishardtoselectfromsomanyschoolsoftranslationtheories.Frompracticaluseofnewterms,IbelieveNida’sfunctionalequivalenceisthebestoption,becauseitfocusesonreceptor’sreaction.Nidasupportsthat“withthedynasticrelationshipthattherelationshipbetweenreceptorandmessageshouldbesubstantiallythesamethatwhichexistedbetweentheoriginalreceptorandmessage,thatmeansthetranslationshouldbehavealmosteffectastheoriginalone”(Brill,1964:
54).
Somescholarshasstudiedonthissubject,asLiaoWeixiongcitesinhispaperthat“itispracticaltoapplyfunctionalequivalencebecauseitenhancecommunicationandexchangeculturaldifferences”(张廖伟,2010).
InthispaperweprovethenecessitytoapplyNida’stranslationtheory--thefunctionalequivalencetotranslatethem,andthencometonewstrategiestotranslatenewinternetterms.Atfirstthedefinitionandthecharacteristicsofnewinternettermsareoffered.ThenthefollowingpartwilldetailelaborationforNida’sfunctionalequivalence.Inthispartwewillgivebestevidencestoidentifythenecessityofapplyingthistheory.Fromaboveperspectives,sometranslationmethodisdrawnupinlastpart.
1IntroductiontoInternetNeologism
Inordertofindabetterwaytotranslatenewinternetterms,itisquietclearlythatweshouldknowaboutthedefinition,thetraitsandbackgroundsofit.
1.1Background
Tobeginwithwewillprovideabriefbackgroundonnewinternetterms.Themainreasonwhynewinternettermsdevelopsorapidlyisthattheinternetismoreandmorepopularatpresentday.Takeourcountryforexample,withtheexplosionoftheWorldWideWeb,wecanseethatthenumberofChineseinternetusersreachinganewrecordnumber485millionbytheendofJunethisyear(
Withoutquestion,moreandmorepeoplebegintocommunicatethroughinternet,suchasE-mail,E-maildiscussiongroup,newsgroups,chatroom,newsletter,Electronicbulletinboard(BBS),electronicmagazine(EZINE)etc.Itcanbeassumedthatthosenewtermsappearbecauseoftheinternet.
1.2DefinitionsofInternetNeologism
Althoughit’sratherdifficulttofindexactdefinitionsfornewinternetterms,accordingtoRichardHudson,thedefinitionofnewinternettermsisasfollowed:
Asetoflinguisticitemswithsimilarsocialdistribution(Hudson,1996:
22).
FromhiswordswecouldknowthatthenewnetworkvocabularyistheproductofthecommunicationbyInternet.PeopleusevarietiesnetworkmodessuchasInternetpublicinteractiveplatformtheBBS,online,thenetworkofinterpersonalinteractionplatform,MSN,QQ,theBlog,QZoneplatform.Wordsarethewidespreadlanguagewiththefeaturesofwrittenandoral.Theyarethestandardlanguagebutakindofspeciallanguagevariants.
1.3Characteristics
Thispartwewillfocusonthetraitsofnewcybervocabulary.Intheinformationage,thenetworkhascreateditsownlanguage,formingtheuniquenewstyles.Atfirst,theyareembodiedwithsomefeatureswithcertaintimes.Itisknownthatlanguageisasocialproductwhichmeansinternetwordsvarywithsocietiesdevelop.Newwordsemergetodescribenewthingsandnewideaswhensocietystepsintoanewphase.Besides,thosenewvocabularyhaveuniquecharmtoattractnetusers.Wearefacedsomedifficultiesthroughexchanginginformationthroughinternet.Lackingofbodylanguageandvoicetones,thisrequiresnewnetworkwordsmustbeeasytounderstand.Itshouldbewhatwearefamiliarwithorcouldeasilycatchtheirmeaningsbysyllable.Atpresent,theadolescentsoccupythelargepartofnetuserincludingahighproportionofhighschoolstudentsinourcountry;theycreatemanyeasy,livelyandinterestingnewcyberwords.Allthisfacilitateourinternetcommunication.Besidesthat,thenewinternettermscanonlybepopularforaveryshorttime;wecouldseethembepopularinacertainperiod,becausenewoneswillcatchoureyesbuttheoldonefadeawaygradually.Forinstance,“坛子”(jar)canbereferredto“论坛”(forum);andtopraisesomebodycanbeexpressedby“打倒某人”severalyearsago.However,fewpeoplecouldunderstandthem.Inaddition,becauseofthepopularityofcomputers,thenewvocabulariescanbereachedtomostofusimmediately.
2IntroductiontoFunctionalEquivalence
Theconstantspringupofnewnetworktermsmakeitratherurgenttofindabetterwaytotranslatethemandmakeourcommunicationeasierandliable.Throughouthistory,manytheorieshavebeenputouttoresolvetranslationproblems,andamongthem,IbelievethatNida’sfunctionalequivalenceshouldbetheonlychoice.
NidaA,afamouslinguist,translatorsandtranslationtheorist,intheprocessoftranslatingBible,graduallyNidaformedhisowntranslationtheoryandhiscoreconceptisfunctionalequivalence.Nidaputforward“dynamicequivalence”inhisworkTranslationScientificResearchin1964,whichpointsoutthatthe“thereadersofatranslatedtextshouldbeableittothepointthattheycanconceiveofreadersofthetextmusthaveunderstoodandappreciated.”(Nida,1964:
12)Infact,oneofthebestwaystolearnhowtotranslateistopaycloseattentionto“howanexperttranslatorexplainspreciselywhatheorsheisdoingintheprocessoftransferringthemeaningofasourcetextintoareceptor'slanguage.”(Nida,1964:
42)Itsuggeststhat“aperfecteffectivetranslationshouldbeabletoproduceequivalenceoffunctional,messageandresponsetoboththetargetandtheoriginalreporters.Accordingly,therealisticdefinitionoffunctionalequivalenceshouldbethereadersofatranslatedtextshouldbeableittothepointthattheycanconceiveofreadersofthetextmusthaveunderstoodandappreciated.”
Nida’sequivalenceproducesgreatpositiveeffectsontranslationfield.Equivalenceoftranslationindicatesthatstressonnotonlyformationbutmeaning.AsNidaexpressedinTheTheoryandPracticeofTranslationthat“translationconsistsofreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagefirstintermsofmeaning,secondlyintermsofstyle.”(Nida,1964:
56)Thenweknowthatthetargetofitistomaketranslationaltextscompletelyappropriateandtriestomakereceptorsreachtothewaysofbehaviorsassociatedwithhisculture,soweshouldrememberthatwhatmakesgoodtranslationaltextsismeetingthe
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