考研英语完形填空冲刺班讲义.docx

考研英语完形填空冲刺班讲义.docx

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考研英语完形填空冲刺班讲义

2011年考研英语完型填空（冲刺班）录音脚本

张销民

第一节课程–完型填空部份（2小时左右）

完型填空的做题技能：

“做”一半，“猜”一半-确保大家完型填空最终的得分率在“4分-8分之间”；

一、如何“猜”-依托完型填空选项的散布概率来“猜”：

ABCD四个选项大体上是平均散布，即每一个选项大体上均有5次充当答案的机缘；如此的话完型的20道题，第一就不需要全做，最多只需要做一半的题，即考生把完型的20道题区分成“会做的题”和“不会做的题”，第一把“会做的题”做完，以后研究这些选项的散布规律，找出其中出现概率最小的选项，把那个选项全数填入“不会做的题”中，料中的概率则最高。

会做的题

不会做的题

比如：

会做5道题，研究其答案选项分布，如下：

AABBC；等于这部分出现几率最小的选项为D

有15道不会做的题，则全选D；

首先把“会做的题”做完，之后研究这些选项的分布规律，找出其中出现几率最小的选项

这部分则全部填入“在会做的题目部分出现几率最小的选项”

二、如何“做”

完型的文章布局结构是规律的

完型的两大规律

完型的填空类型是规律的

完型的12类填空题

从词性的角度

从题型的角度

1、动词

5、无关词排除法

9、总分结构法

2、形容词

6、同现结构法

10、对应成分分析法

3、副词

7、复现结构法

11、时间、数字线索法

4、名词

8、关联结构法

12、逻辑关系定位法

完型文章的布局和结构规律–主线控制全文的文章

▇完型文章一般都有明确的中心主线

整个文章的中心主线包括鲜明的主题（FOUCS），同时文章往往又具有很强的导向性或作者态度具有偏向性；那个主题和这种导向性或偏向性其实就组成了完型文章的中心主线，成为从整体上把握完型文章的关键点。

中心主线贯穿全文，即整篇文章就是围绕着中心主线展开。

▇完型文章往往采用总分对照结构

从文章结构的角度来看，能够将文章的中心主线超级简练地表达清楚的结构往往是总分对照的结构。

所以，咱们通过大量的总结个分析后发觉考研英语的完型文章在文章结构上常常采用总分对照的形式，这就为咱们迅速从整体上把握一篇完型文章提供了超级便利条件。

总分对照结构是由总述部份和分述部份组成，总述是对分述的总结和归纳，而分述是对总述的展开和祥述，二者之间有着明确的彼此支持，彼此印证的对照关系。

举例：

分析2006年考研英语完型填空文章的布局和结构

ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica'spopulation.__1__,homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentcan'tpossibly_____2____.Tohelphomelesspeople_____3___independence,thefederalgovernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,_____4_____theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing._____5____everyoneagreesonthenumbersofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates____6__anywherefrom600,000to3million._____7__thefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermatter:

thatthenumberofthehomelessis_____8____.Oneofthefederalgovernment'sstudies_____9__thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto__10__thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecomeincreasinglydifficult.___11__whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda___12__thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday__13__thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers,____14____notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday__15__skillsneededtoturntheirlives_____16__.BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare_17___programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless._____18__EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts,___19__it,"Therehastobe_____20___ofprograms.Whatweneedisapackagedeal."

12．[A]lodging[B]shelter[C]dwelling[D]house

13．[A]searching[B]strolling[C]crowding[D]wandering

15.[A]life[B]existence[C]survival[D]maintenance

举例：

分析2003年考研英语完型填空文章的布局和结构

Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious  21 tohowtheycanbebest22suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand  23 ,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.  24 theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe  25 thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare  26 byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe  27 toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,  28 ,publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,  29 studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide  30 opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful  31 dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe  32 ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult  33 visibleinthebackground.

Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave34attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized  35 participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto 36 elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants37 .thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustaccept irresponsibility.  38 theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby  39  forrolesthatarewithintheir  40 andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.

22.A.strengthenB.accommodateC.stimulateD.enhance

25.A.assistanceB.guidanceC.confidenceD.tolerance

26.A.claimedB.admiredC.ignoredD.surpassed

27.A.improperB.riskyC.fairD.wise

完型文章的布局结构规律也决定了完型文章往往表现出以下的特点：

▇紧扣主题—（无关词排除法）

▇内在一致—（同现结构）

▇前后呼应—（复现结构）

无关词排除法（与主旨相关解题法）

例题：

2006年1二、13、15题

ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica'spopulation.__1__,homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentcan'tpossibly_____2____.Tohelphomelesspeople_____3___independence,thefederalgovernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,_____4_____theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing._____5____everyoneagreesonthenumbersofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates____6__anywherefrom600,000to3million._____7__thefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermatter:

thatthenumberofthehomelessis_____8____.Oneofthefederalgovernment'sstudies_____9__thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto__10__thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecomeincreasinglydifficult.___11__whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda___12__thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday__13__thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers,____14____notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday__15__skillsneededtoturntheirlives_____16__.BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare_17___programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless._____18__EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts,___19__it,"Therehastobe_____20___ofprograms.Whatweneedisapackagedeal."

12．[A]lodging[B]shelter[C]dwelling[D]house

13．[A]searching[B]strolling[C]crowding[D]wandering

15.[A]life[B]existence[C]survival[D]maintenance

同现结构法（与主旨导向一致解题法）

说明：

同现就是完型文章的上下文中散布的一组具有相同偏向性的词语，这些词语所表现的偏向性往往与中心主线中的导向要一致，或说这些同现词语的任务就是对文章的导向进行展开支持。

因此，文章的整体导向那个已知线索能够成为解出这些同现词语的关键信息。

例题：

1995年真题43题

“Sleepisdividedintoperiodsofso-calledREMsleep,characterizedbyrapideyemovementsanddreaming,andlongerperiodsofnon-REMsleep.（41Neither）kindofsleepisatallwell-understood,butREMsleepis42toservesomerestorativefunctionofthebrain.Thepurposeofnon-REMsleepisevenmore43.”

（A）subtle（B）obvious（C）mysterious（D）doubtful

例题:

1998年完型真题46题

“UntilrecentlymosthistoriansspokeverycriticallyoftheIndustrialRevolution.They41thatinthelongrunindustrializationgreatlyraisedthestandardoflivingforthe42man.Buttheyinsistedthatits43resultsduringtheperiodfrom1750to1850werewidespreadpovertyandmiseryforthe44oftheEnglishpopulation.45contrast,theysawintheprecedinghundredyearsfrom1650to1750,whenEnglandwasstilla46agriculturalcountry,aperiodofgreatabundanceandprosperity.”

46.A）broadlyB）thoroughlyC）generallyD）completely

例题:

2007年完型真题

By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations.Theroughly20million__1__ofthesenationslooked__2_（hopefully）_tothefuture.BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberiancolonialism,manyoftheleadersoftheindependence__3__theidealsofrepresentativegovernment,careers__4__totalent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,the__5__toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.__6__therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya__7__setoflaws.

Ontheissueof__8__ofreligionandpositionofChurch,__9__,therewaslessagreement__10__theleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyone__11__bytheSpanishcrown.__12__mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism__13__theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe__14__ofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamearallying__15__fortheconservativeforces.

Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad__16__inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain’s__17__colonies.EarlypromisestoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuch__18__becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies__19__.Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas__20__self-ruleanddemocracy.

20.[A]puzzledby[B]hostileto[C]pessimisticabout[D]unpreparedfor

复现结构法

说明：

复现是完型文章中辞汇的一种呼应衔接手腕，即表达相同意思的辞汇在文章的不同地方出现。

复现能够是相同的词重复出现（原词复现），也能够是用不同的词表达相同的意思（近义词复现）。

复现的解题意义在于：

若是判断出一个未知填空与上下文的那些已知辞汇有复现关系，只要从选项当选出与那些辞汇一样意义的就是正确答案。

同现呼应–呼应的这些词偏向、导向一致

复现呼应–呼应的这些词大体是一个意思

原词复现

两种常见的复现呼应

近义词复现

原词复现例子：

2001年完型真题

“Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominent