MBA英语历年真题阅读理解及参考答案详解.docx
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MBA英语历年真题阅读理解及参考答案详解.docx
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MBA英语历年真题阅读理解及参考答案详解
MBA英语历年真题阅读理解及参考答案详解
RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs'sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000;ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmuchcriticism.Butbytheendof2009Ms.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoLdman'scompensationcommittee;howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?
ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.The
positionwastakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.
OutsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpfuL,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirm'sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive'sproposals.Ifthesky,andtheshareprice,isfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.
TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasethatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementtothenext.ThemostLikeLyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose"surprise"departure,theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasesbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases,andthestockislikelytoperformworse.Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlargerfirms.Althoughacorrelationbetweenthemleavingandsubsequentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchdirectorsare
alwaysjumpingoffasinkingship.Oftenthey"tradeup,"leavingriskier,smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.
Buttheresearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreaks,evenifareviewofhistoryshowstheywereontheboardatthetimeanywrongdoingoccurred.Firmswhowanttokeeptheiroutsidedirectorsthroughtoughtimemayhavetocreateincentives.OtherwiseoutsidedirectorswillfollowtheexampleofMs.Simmons,onceagainverypopularoncampus.
21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Ms.Simmonswascriticizedfor_______.
A.gainingexcessiveprofits
B.failingtofulfillherduty
C.refusingtomakecompromises
D.leavingtheboardintoughtimes
22.WelearnfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresupposedtobe_______.
A.generousinvestors
C.sharepriceforecasters
B.unbiasedexecutives
D.independentadvisers
23.AccordingtotheresearchersfromOhioUniversity,afteranoutsidedirector'ssurprisedeparture,thefirmi8likelyto_______.
A.becomemorestable
B.reportincreasedearnings
C.dolesswellinthestockmarket
D.performworseinlawsuits.
24.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors_______.
A.maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirm
B.haveoftenhadtherecordsofwrongdoingsinthefirm
C.areaccustomedtostress-freeworkinthefirm
D.willdeclineincentivesfromthefirm
25.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis_______.
A.permissive
B.positive
C.scornful
D.critical
参考答案
21.答案B.
本题信息点是Ms.simmonswascriticized(Simmons受到批评),该信息出现在第一段第三句话…simmonswasunderfire..中,其中underfire意为“受到攻击”,即“受到批评”之意。
根据原因题的解题技巧,我们先看到本句中furhavingsatonGoldman’scompensationcommittee(在高盛薪酬委员会担任职务)其受到批评的一个原因:
同时,分号”表明该句与下句为并列关系,从而我们知道下旬howcouldshehaveletthoseenomousbonuspayoutspassunremarked(她怎么能让那些巨额奖金支出得以通过而没有引起注意呢?
)是她受到批评的另一个原因。
由此可见她作为薪酬委员会的成员未能阻止巨额奖金的发放,即:
未能很好地履行其职责是其受到批评的原因所在。
所以选项B为本题答案。
22.答案D。
本题信息点是outsidedirectorsaresupposedtobe(独立董事应该),在文章查找该信息点时我们会很容易注意到该信息点出现在第二段第一句话中:
Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirm’sboard.可以看出outsidedirector的身份是有帮助的、不带偏见的顾问。
由此我们可以确定选项D符合本句语意,为本题答案。
另外,如果本旬理解有困难,我们再看下旬:
Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive'sproposals(已经……,他们有足够的独立性否决首席执行官的动议),由此可以确认叫outsidedirectors的职责就是顾问.
23.答案C
本题信息点是afteranoutsidedirector’ssurprisedeparture,thefirmiSlikelyto,在文章中查阅该信息,我们找到该信息点出现在文章第三段第三句:
SOtheresearchersconcentratedonthose"surprise"departure,theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasesbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoinereases,andthestockislikelytoperformworse.Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlargerfirms。
研读本句便可以理清outsidedirector意外离开后有以下结果:
1)重申盈利的可能性增加:
2)被联邦集体诉讼的可能性增加:
3)股市表现更差。
由此可见选项C符合文章内容,为本题答案,本题B选项和D选项都有很强的干扰性,但是他们都犯了“偷换概念”的错误.
24.答案A。
本题信息点是outsidedirectors。
我们来到文章最后一段,先逐句理解字面意思,然后整理各相关独立董事语句的信息,最后与本题的各选项对照,并做出选择.本文最后一段共三句话,都与outsidedirector有关。
第一句是叫outsidedirectorsbaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreaks,…,。
大意为:
通过提前离开,独立董事很容易规避声誉受损:
第二句是Fimswhowanttokeeptheiroutsidedirectorsthroughtoughtinemayhavetocreateincentives,大意为:
想留住独立董事的公司可能不得不给他们激励:
第三句话是OtherwiseoutsidedirectorswillfollowtheexampleofMs.Simmons,onceagainverypopularoncampus,大意为:
否则独立董事会像Simmons一样,又一次在大学受到欢迎。
现在把以上三句话所陈述的内容与本题选项对照就会发现选项A符合.第二句话的内容,为本题答案。
25.答案B。
态度题的基本思路是“听其言,观其行”。
文章第二段是作者对独立董事的点评,其中helpful,lessbiased,enoughindependence,advice等词汇体现了作者对独立董事起码在理论上是肯定的,认为他们在公司运行中的作用应该是积极的。
由此确定本题答案为B。
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