英语单词时态变化规则以及读音规则.docx
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英语单词时态变化规则以及读音规则.docx
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英语单词时态变化规则以及读音规则
一、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律
1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z]。
如:
①stop-stops[s];make-makes[s]
②read-reads[z];play-plays[z]
2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”读[iz]如:
fly-flies[z];carry-carries[z]
study-studies[z];worry-worries
3、以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为[iz]如:
teach-teaches[iz];watch-watches[iz]
4、以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读[z]如:
go-goes[z]do-does[z]
5、以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是[s],[z]时,加“s”后字母“e”发音,与所加“s”
一起读做[iz]。
如:
close-closes[iz]
二、名词复数的规则变化
___________________________________________________
情况 构成方法 读音 例词
__________________________________________________
一般情况 加-s 1.清辅音后读/s/; map-maps
2.浊辅音和元音后 bag-bags
读/z/; car-cars
___________________________________________________
以s,sh,ch,
x等结尾的词 加-es 读/iz/ bus-buses
watch-watches
___________________________________________________
以ce,se,ze,
(d)ge等结尾
的词 加-s 读/iz/ license-licenses
___________________________________________________
以辅音字母+y 变y为i
结尾的词 再加es 读/z/ baby---babies
___________________________________________________
以-f或-fe结尾的名词多将-f或-fe变成-ves,但有例外,读音变化:
尾音[f]改度[vz]。
例:
life-livesleaf-leaves
反例:
roof-roofs
___________________________________________________
以O结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写就加-es,否则加-s构成复数。
读音:
[z]。
例:
tomato-tomatoes
反例:
piano-pianos(外来词)photo-photos(缩写词)
三、英语规则动词过去式变化规则和发音规则和不规则动词表
1.规则动词的过去式词尾变化有几种:
1.一般情况下加ed,如watched,planted,watered,pulled,climbed,picked。
2.以不发音字母e结尾的加d,如liked,moved,tasted。
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加ed,如study——studied。
4.以1个元音字母加1个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写最后一个辅音字母再加ed,如stop——stopped。
2.过去式的发音是由单词的最后一个音素来决定的:
1.如果该单词以清辅音结尾,如/k/,/p/等,则读作/t/,例如looked读作/t/.
2.如果该单词以浊辅音结尾,如/n/,/b/等,则读作/d/,例如abandoned读作/d/.
3.如果该单词以字母t或字母d结尾,则读作/id/,例如started读作/id/.
4.如果该单词以元音结尾,则读作/d/,例如studied读作/d/.
3.不规则动词表
Infinitive不定式
PastTense过去式
PastParticiple过去分词
abide
abode,abided
abode,abided
alight
alighted,alit
alighted,alit
arise
arose
arisen
awake
awoke
awoke,awaked
be
was,were
been
bear
bore
borne,born
beat
beat
beaten
become
became
become
befall
befell
befallen
beget
begot
begotten,begot
begin
began
begun
behold
beheld
beheld
bend
bent
bent
bereave
bereaved,bereft
bereaved,bereft
beseech
besought,beseeched
besought,beseeched
beset
beset
beset
bespeak
bespoke
bespoken,bespoke
bespread
bespread
bespread
bestrew
bestrewed
bestrewed,bestrewn
bestride
bestrode
bestridden,bestrid,bestrode
bet
bet,betted
bet,betted
betake
betook
betaken
bethink
bethought
bethought
bid
bade,bid
bidden,bid
bide
bode,bided
bided
bind
bound
bound
bite
bit
bitten,bit
bleed
bled
bled
blend
blended,blent
blended,blent
bless
blessed,blest
blessed,blest
blow
blew
blown
break
broke
broken
breed
bred
bred
bring
brought
brought
broadcast
broadcast,broadcasted
broadcast,broadcasted
browbeat
browbeat
browbeaten
build
built
built
burn
burnt,burned
burnt,burned
burst
burst
burst
buy
bought
bought
can
could
-
cast
cast
cast
catch
caught
caught
chide
chid,chided
chid,chidden,chided
choose
chose
chosen
cleave
cleaved,cleft,clove
cleaved,cleft
cleave
clave
cloven
cling
clung
clung
clothe
clothed,clad
clothed,clad
come
came
come
cost
cost
cost
creep
crept
crept
crow
crowed,crew
crowed
cut
cut
cut
dare
dared,durst
dared
deal
dealt
dealt
dig
dug
dug
dispread
dispread
dispread
do
did
done
draw
drew
drawn
dream
dreamed,dreamt
dreamed,dreamt
drink
drank
drunk
drive
drove
driven
dwell
dwelt,dwelled
dwelt,dwelled
eat
ate
eaten
fall
fell
fallen
feed
fed
fed
feel
felt
felt
fight
fought
fought
find
found
found
flee
fled
fled
fling
flung
flung
fly
flew
flown
fly
fled
fled
fly
flied
flied
forbear
forbore
forborne
forbid
forbade,forbad
forbidden
forecast
forecast,forecasted
forecast,forecasted
fordo
fordid
fordone
forego
forewent
foregone
foreknow
foreknew
foreknown
forerun
foreran
forerun
foresee
foresaw
foreseen
foreshow
foreshowed
foreshown
foretell
foretold
foretold
forget
forgot
forgotten,forgot
forgive
forgave
forgiven
forsake
forsook
forsaken
forswear
forswore
forsworn
freeze
froze
frozen
gainsay
gainsaid
gainsaid
get
got
got,gotten
gild
gilded,gilt
gilded
gird
girded,girt
girded,girt
give
gave
given
go
went
gone
grave
graved
graven,graved
grind
ground
ground
grow
grew
grown
hamstring
hamstringed,hamstrung
hamstringed,hamstrung
hang
hung
hung
hang
hanged
hanged
have
had
had
hear
heard
heard
heave
heaved,hove
heaved,hove
hew
hewed
hewed,hewn
hide
hid
hidden,hid
hit
hit
hit
hold
held
held
hurt
hurt
hurt
inlay
inlaid
inlaid
keep
kept
kept
kneel
knelt,kneeled
knelt,kneeled
knit
knitted,knit
knitted,knit
know
knew
known
lade
laded
laded,laden
lay
laid
laid
lead
led
led
lean
leaned,leant
leaned,leant
leap
leapt,leaped
leapt,leaped
learn
learnt,learned
learnt,learned
leave
left
left
lend
lent
lent
let
let
let
lie
lay
lain
lie
lied
lied
light
lit
lit
light
lighted
lighted
lose
lost
lost
make
made
made
may
might
-
mean
meant
meant
meet
met
met
melt
melted
melted,melten
misdeal
misdealt
misdealt
misgive
misgave
misgiven
mislay
mislaid
mislaid
mislead
misled
misled
mistake
mistook
mistaken
misunderstand
misunderstood
misunderstood
mow
mowed
mowed,mown
must
must
-
ought
ought
-
outbid
outbade,outbid
outbidden,outbid
outbreed
outbred
outbred
outdo
outdid
outdone
outeat
outate
outeaten
outfight
outfought
outfought
outgo
outwent
outgone
outgrow
outgrew
outgrown
outlay
outlaid
outlaid
outride
outrode
outridden
outrun
outran
outrun
outsell
outsold
outsold
outshine
outshone
outshone
outshoot
outshot
outshot
outsit
outsat
outsat
outspend
outspent
outspent
outspread
outspread
outspread
outthrow
outthrew
outthrown
outthrust
outthrust
outthrust
outwear
outwore
outworn
overbear
overbore
overborne
overbid
overbid
overbidden,overbid
overblow
overblew
overblown
overbuild
overbuilt
overbuilt
overbuy
overbought
overbought
overcast
overcast
overcast
overcome
overcame
overcome
overdo
overdid
overdone
overdraw
overdrew
overdrawn
overdrive
overdrove
overdriven
overeat
overate
overeaten
overfeed
overfed
overfed
overfly
overflew
overflown
overgrow
overgrew
overgrown
overhang
overhung
overhung
overhear
overheard
overheard
overlade
overladed
overladed,overladen
overlay
overlaid
overlaid
overleap
overleapt,overleaped
overleapt,overleaped
overlie
overlay
overlain
overpay
overpaid
overpaid
override
overrode
overridden
overrun
overran
overrun
oversee
oversaw
overseen
oversell
oversold
oversold
overset
overset
overset
oversew
oversewed
oversewed,oversewn
overshoot
overshot
overshot
oversleep
overslept
overslept
overspend
overspent
overspent
overspread
overspread
overspread
overtake
overtook
overtaken
overthrow
overthrew
overthrown
overwind
overwound
overwound
overwrite
overwrote
overwritten
partake
partook
partaken
pay
paid
paid
precast
precast
precast
prechoose
prechose
prechosen
prove
proved
proved,proven
put
put
put
quit
quitted,quit
quitted,quit
read
read
read
reave
reaved,reft
reaved,reft
rebuild
rebuilt
rebuilt
recast
recast
recast
reeve
rove,reeved
rove,reeved
relay
relaid
relaid
rend
rent
rent
repay
repaid
repaid
reset
reset
reset
retell
retold
retold
rid
rid,ridded
rid,ridded
ride
rode
ridden
ring
rang
rung
rise
rose
risen
rive
riven
riven,rived
run
ran
run
saw
sawed
sawn,sawed
say
said
said
see
saw
seen
seek
sought
sought
sell
sold
sold
send
sent
sent
set
set
set
sew
sewed
sewn,sewed
shake
shook
shaken
shall
should
-
shave
shaved
shaved,shaven
shear
sheared
shorn,sheared
shed
shed
shed
shine
shone,shined
shone,shined
shoe
shod,shoed
shod,shoed
shoot
shot
shot
show
showed
shown,showed
shred
shredded,shred
shredded,shred
shrink
shrank,shrunk
shrunk,shrunken
shrive
shrove,shrived
shriven,shrived
shut
shut
shut
sing
sang,sung
sung
sink
sank,sunk
sunk,sunken
sit
sat
sat
slay
slew
slain
sleep
slept
slept
slide
slid
slid,slidden
sling
slung
slung
slink
slunk
slunk
slit
slit
slit
smell
smelt,smelled
smelt,smelled
smite
smote
smitten,smote
sow
sowed
sown,sowed
speak
spoke
spoken
speed
sped,speeded
sped,speeded
spell
spelt,spelled
spelt,spelled
spend
spent
spent
spill
spilt,spilled
spilt,spilled
spin
spun
spun
spit
spat,spit
spat,spit
split
split
split
spoil
spoilt,spoiled
spoilt,spoiled
spread
spread
spread
spring
sprang,sprung
sprung
stand
stood
stood
stave
staved,stove
staved,stove
steal
stole
stolen
stick
stuck
stuck
sting
stung
stung
stink
stank,stunk
stunk
strew
strewed
strewn,strewed
stride
strode
stridden,strid
strike
struck
struck,stricken
string
strung
strung
strive
strove,strived
striven,strived
swear
swore
sworn
sweat
sweat,sweated
sweat,sweated
sweep
swept
swept
swell
swelled
swollen,swelled
swim
swam
swum
swing
swung
swung
take
took
taken
teach
taught
taught
tear
tore
torn
tell
told
told
think
thought
thought
thrive
throve,thrived
thriven,thrived
throw
threw
thrown
thrust
thrust
thrust
tread
trod
trodden,trod
unbend
unbent
unbent
unbind
unbound
unbound
unbuild
unbuilt
unbuilt
underbid
underbid
underbidden,underbid
underbuy
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