牛津词汇辨析.docx
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牛津词汇辨析.docx
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牛津词汇辨析
abide[V] +by
acceptorobeysomething遵从;遵守:
Wehavetoabidebytherules. 过去式:
abided
sbcan’tabidesb/sth
cannottolerateapersonoridea不能容忍:
Ican’tabidethethoughtoflivingsoneartohisfamily. 旧时含义:
tolivewith居住
过去式:
abode
abode[N]
adwelling,andisusedinthelegalphraseforsomeonewhoishomeless住所:
Apersonofnofixedabode. 常用于正式语境下,有时为幽默表达:
Myhumbleabode寒舍
更为中性的替代词有:
residence,house,address
ability[N]
theskillandhumanpowertodosomething能力;本领;技能:
Heisanegotiatorofimmenseability.
capacity[N]
1.theabilitytoproducesomething,ortohaveatalentfordoingsomethingwhenreferringtoskill能力;才能
区别在于ability指后天所学的,而capacity指先天具有的:
Hisabilityasanegotiatorwashelpedbyhiscapacityforrememberingfaces.
2.themaximumamountthatcanbeproducedbyamachine产量;生产力:
Thisphotocopierhasthecapacitytoprintfiftypagesaminute.
abnormal[ADJ]
somethingthatdiffersfromwhatisconsiderednormal不正常的;反常的:
Manyconsiderthatglobalwarminghasresultedinabnormalweatherconditions.
subnormal[ADJ]
somethingbelowwhatisconsiderednormal比正常少的;低于正常的:
Manywintershadsubnormaltemperatures.
abolish[V]
toendordestroycustoms,practicesandinstitutionscompletely废除;取消:
Slaverywasabolishedbylawinthe19thcentury.
extinguish[V]
toputoutafire熄灭:
Threeweeksofheavyrainextinguishedtheforestfires.
thefigurativemeaningoftodestroy“破灭”的形象说法:
Whenthetalksbrokedown,allhopeofpeacewasextinguished.
形容词-extinct
名词-extinction
Referspecificallytoananimalorplantwhichnolongerexists特指动物或植物的灭绝
abstract
[N]asummaryofareportorpaperusuallyinabout250words摘要(通常在250字以内)
[ADJ]existinginthoughtorjustasanidea抽象的,理论上的:
Enoughabstractthought:
givemeoneconcreteexample.
adirectioninartandartisticexpression抽象派的
[V]totakeaway,orremoveapartfromalargerentity抽取,提取,使分离:
Thehydropowerschememeantabstractingmillionsoflitresofwaterfromtheriver.
作名词与形容词时,重读第一个音节;作动词时,重读第二个音节
abstractedly[ADV]
deepinthoughtandnotpayingattentiontowhatisgoingon心不在焉地,出神地:
Hewalkedrightpastme,gazingabstractedlyatthesky.
abuse[N,V]
poortreatmentorviolentandimproperuseofsomething虐待;滥用;妄用:
Hewasimprisonedafterbeingfoundguiltyofrepeatedchildabuse.
alcoholabuse过度饮酒
作名词时,abuse与juice押韵;作动词时与news押韵
misuse[N,V]
theuseofsomethingdishonestly,orforapurposethatitwasnotdesignedfor错用;误用;滥用:
UsingthatexpensiveBurgundytomakeagravyisaclearcaseofalcoholmisuse.
作名词时,misuse与juice押韵;作动词时与news押韵
academic
[ADJ]mattersassociatedwithuniversityeducation学术的:
Academicstandards
somethingthatiswithoutpracticalapplicationandofnoimmediaterelevance纯理论的;空谈的:
Wehavealreadywontheoverallcompetition,sothescoreofthismatchisacademic.
[N]ateacherorresearcherinhighereducation大学教师
scholarly[ADJ]
seriousacademicstudy学术性的:
Histheorieshavebeenprintedinascholarlypaper.
usedforapersonwhoisstudious,learnedorengagedinuniversityresearch勤奋好学的;有学术造诣的
scholar[N]
Alearnedperson,teacherorresearcherintheclassics,arts,andhumanities,orothernon-scientificdisciplines有学问的人;学者:
ShewasadistinguishedLatinscholar.
theholderofascholarship奖学金获得者
ARhodesScholar
accept[V]
1.toreceivesomething接受:
HewaspleasedtoaccepttheawardfromtheDesignCouncil
2.toagreetosomethingwillingly同意:
Aftertwentyyearsthedirectoracceptedtheneedtomodernizethecompany.
except
[PREP]notincluding,oromittingsomething除……之外:
Exceptfortheteachertherestofthevillagerswereilliterate.
[V]toleaveout把……排除在外
access[N&V]
1.entryoradmittance进入;进入权:
Thereisnorightofaccessforthepublic.
2.toopenacomputerfile取得;获取(计算机数据):
Shedouble-clickedandaccessedthefile.
3.toreachorentersomething到达;进入
形容词-accessible:
TheOpenUniversityhasmadeuniversityeducationaccessibletothegeneralpublic.
excess[N&ADJ]
somethingmorethanispermittedordesirable过多,过量:
Hehad20kilosofexcessbaggage.
形容词-excessive:
Excessivedrinkingisverybadforyourhealth.
accident[N]
anunintentionalincidentthatresultsindamageorinjury事故;意外事件:
Therewasanotherseriousaccidentonthatroadlastnight.
byaccident
thesameas‘accidentally’or‘unintentionally’偶然地;意外地:
Itookthewrongcoathomebyaccident.
mishap[N]
anunluckyaccident不幸;小事故:
Deliverywasdelayedbyaminormishapinourfactory.
mishap用来指不是很严重的事故
disaster[N]
asuddeneventorseriousaccidentthatresultsingreatdamageorlossoflife灾难;灾祸:
ThetraincrashwasoneofmanysuchdisastersinIndia.
catastrophe[N]
aneventthatresultsinwidespreadandoftensuddendamageorsuffering灾难;大祸;严重的不幸:
Theearthquakewasacatastropheforthewholenation.
accommodation[N]
aroomorbuildingwheresomeonecanliveorstay住处:
Studentaccommodationintownisalwayshardtofindatthebeginningofterm.
不可数名词,注意双写’c’和’m’
[formalterm]asettlement,agreementorcompromise【正式】和解;协议:
Thetwosidescametoanaccommodation.
在英式英语中,accommodation仅为单数形式
accommodations[N] accommodation的复数形式,仅在美式英语中使用:
Thecostofovernightaccommodationsisincludedinthepriceoftheticket.
achieve[V]
toreachanobjectiveorstandard,especiallyoveraperiodoftime实现;取得;达到(尤指经过了一段时间):
Hewasdelightedtohaveachievedhisambitionofbecomingarockstar.
名词-achievement
accomplish[V]
thesameas‘achieve’,buthasanadditionalsenseofsuccessfullycompletingsomething成功完成;成功实现:
Theysafelyaccomplishedthetaskoffreeingthesoldiers.
形容词-accomplished
describesapersonwhodoessomethingwithgreatskill熟练的;才华高的;有造诣的:
Sheisanaccomplishedpianist.
名词-accomplishment
attain[V]
toreachacertainstandard,andisthewordtousewhencomparisonormeasurementisinvolved达到某标准(用于涉及比较或大小尺寸):
Sheattainedthehighestgradesinherfinalexams.
名词-attainment
不那么正式的替代词有get
acid[ADJ]
sharpintasteandtone酸的;酸味的;尖酸刻薄的:
Thestand-upcomedianhadanacidsenseofhumour.
acidtest
acrucialtrial决定性的考验:
Theacidtestiswhetherthesoftwarewillactuallywork.
acrid[ADJ]
unpleasantlybitterintasteorsmell辛辣的;刺激性的:
Theacridsmellcamefromtheburningbuilding.
acridparting
anangryandbitterdeparture愤愤不平地离开
acknowledge[V]
1.toconfirmthatsomethinghasbeenreceived确认收到:
Thecompanysentmealetteracknowledgingmycomplaint.
2.torecognizeoracceptatruth承认(某事实):
Shehasneveracknowledgedherresponsibilityinthismatter.
3.‘acknowledge’isusedinformalcontextstomeantothank(正式)感谢:
IacknowledgethefinancialsupportfromtheResearchCouncil.
名词-acknowledgement(acknowledgment)
acknowledgements
asectionofabookorreportinwhichtheauthorlistsorthanksthosewhohavemadeacontribution致谢
admit[V]
1.toacceptresponsibility承担责任:
Iadmitthatyourcomplaintisjustified.
2.toenterorallowaccess允许进入:
Thisticketadmitsone.
acoustic[ADJ]
referstohearing,sound,orthescienceofsound声音的;听觉的
acousticimage;acousticnerve;acousticguitar
形容词-acoustical
acousticalmeasurement;acousticalshadow
美式英语中,acoustical与acoustic同义
acoustics[N]
1.thescienceofsound,when,likeotheracademicsubjectsendingin-ics,italwaystakesasingularverb声学(谓语动词常用单数形式)
Acousticsisachallengingfield.
2.theacousticpropertiesofaroomorabuildingandtakesapluralverb(房间或建筑的)传声效果,音响效果(谓语动词用复数形式)
TheacousticsintheGreekamphitheatreareperfect.
across[PREP&ADV]
1.fromonesidetotheother从一边到另一边
Weswamacrosstheriver.
2.‘across’caneitherexpressmovementorposition既可表动作也可表地点
TheplanetookusacrosstheAlps.
Thepubisjustacrossthestreet.
acrosstheboard
asituationorchangethataffectsalllevels(形势或改变)影响全局
Thesavingsmadebythecompanywillbringimprovementsacrosstheboard.
above[PREP&ADV]
1.atahigherlevelthansomethingelsewithouttouchingit在……上(不接触)
WearenowabovetheAlps.
‘above’stressesthedistanceorheight强调距离或高度
Theplanewasjustabovethetrees.
2.higherthanarateoranorm高于(某比率或某标准)
Sheiswellaboveaverageinmathematics.
over[PREP&ADV]
1.thesameas‘above’,whenusedtodescribeapositionthatisatahigherlevel在……上(不接触)
WearenowovertheAlps.
2.higherthanaspecifiedfigure高于(某一具体数额)
Everyoneover45willbenefitfromthenewlegislation.
3.coveringthesurfaceofsomething盖在……上面
Therewasathicklayerofsnowoverthehills.
4.fromonesidetotheother,inasimilarwayto‘across’从一边到另一边
Wewalkedoverthefield.
act[N&V]
1.asanoun,isusuallysomethingwhichiscarriedoutonce,oftenadeedsuchasacriminalact(一次性)的行动,如犯罪行动
Theexplosionwasincorrectlydescribedasanactofterrorism.
actofgod
anaturaldisasterisoftencalledbywesterninsurancecompanies.自然灾害(西方保险公司的说法)
2.inthelegalsense,an‘Act’iscapitalizedandmeansalawpassedbythelegislatureofacountry法令;法律
3.asaverb,tobeginaprocessinresponsetoaparticularsituation开始行动;表现
WhenmywindowswerebrokenforathirdtimeIrealizedthatIhadtoact.
4.itcanalsomeantoperforminafilmorplay,ortopretend演出;扮演;假装
Heactedasifheknewnothingaboutthedentinthecardoor.
action[N]
1.stressestheprocessinvolvedinanactthatistypicallydirectedtowardsadefinedaim(有目的的)行动(强调过程)
Thehijackerswereovercomebythegovernment’spromptmilitaryaction.
2.itmayalsorefertolegalproceedings诉讼
Myclientisconsideringtakinglegalactionagainstyou.
actual
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