上海市最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习附答案.docx

上海市最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习附答案.docx

《上海市最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习附答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《上海市最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习附答案.docx（28页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

上海市最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习附答案

上海市最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习（附答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1.阅读理解

Doyouknowthatjunkfoodisn'thealthy?

Ofcourseyoudo!

Doyoueatitanyway?

Ofcourseyoudo!

Butanewstudyshowsteachingadolescentsaboutthewaysfoodcompaniesfoolthemintothinkingjunkfoodiscoolcanencouragekidstofightback—byeatinghealthier.

Thepullofjunkfoodcanbesuper-strong.It'sdesignedtotasty;whichmakeseatingwelloneofthegreathealthchallengesofourtime.Everyonefromdoctorstothegovernmenthasbeentryingtohandleit.Yetwekeepeatingjunkfood.

ProfessorChristopherBryansays,"Foodcompanieswantyoutowantjunkfood."TheyspendmillionsofdollarscomingupwithnewwaystoApromotejunkfoodconsumption.Theyhirescientiststomakenewjunkfoodalmostirresistible.Theymightdothis,forexample,byaddingmoresugar.Ratsfedjunkfoodforsixweekswillevenwalkacrossafloorthatgivesthemelectricshocksjusttogetmoreofsuchfood.

Foodadsoftenmakeunhealthyjunkfoodseemhealthybyfeaturingprofessionalathletes,fit-lookingpopstarsandsmiling,activeteens."Wethoughtwhenthestudentslearnedthis,itwouldmattertothem,"Bryansays.Heworkedwith8thgradersataTexasschool.HalfofthemgotalessonBryancreated.Itfocusedonthewaysjunkfoodisadvertised,ormarketed.Asecondgroupreceivedlessonsthatfocusedonhealth.Theselessonsinformedstudentsjunkfoodishad,andthatfoodslikeapplesorcarrotsareabetterchoice.Thestudentslearnedabaddietcanleadtomajorweightgain,andthatbeingoverweightputspeopleatriskforseriousdiseases.Theyalsolearnedhoweatingwellnowcankeepyouhealthywhenyou'reolder.

Afterthelessons,thekidsinbothgroupswereaskedhowtheyfeltaboutjunkfood.Mostdidn'thavepositivefeelingsabouttheseunhealthyfoods.

（1）Whydoestheauthormentionthequestionsinparagraph1?

A.Toexpresshisdoubtsaboutjunkfood.B.Topromotetheideaofhealthyeating.

C.Todescribethesituationofjunkfood.D.Tointroducethetopicfordiscussion.

（2）Whatremainsagreathealthchallengetodoctors?

A.Makingpeopledomoreexercise.B.Makingpeopleeathealthily.

C.Makingpeopleloseweight.D.Makingpeoplepreferjunkfood.

（3）Whatmessagedoesparagraph3mainlytrytoconvey?

A.Whatmakesjunkfoodalmostimpossibletoresist.

B.Whatinfluencesjunkfoodcanhaveonconsumers.

C.Howfoodcompaniestrytogetpeopletoreachforjunkfood.

D.Whyfoodcompaniespromotetheconsumptionofjunkfood.

（4）WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeBryan'slessons?

A.Shocking.B.Popular.C.Effective.D.Abstract.

【答案】

（1）D

⑵B

3）C

4）4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明：

让青少年了解食品公司的推销方式比单

纯告诉他们垃圾食品的危害更能让他们选择健康的饮食。

（1）考查推理判断。

纵观全文可知本文介绍了一项研究：

让青少年了解食品公司的推销

方式比单纯告诉他们垃圾食品的危害更能让他们选择健康的饮食。

可以推断出，文章第一

段中提及那两个问题Doyouknowthatjunkfoodisn'thealthy?

你知道垃圾食品不健康吗？

Do

youeatitanyway?

你仍然还吃垃圾食品？

是为了引出本文要讨论的话题。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“It'sdesignedtobetasty,whichmakeseatingwellone

ofthegreathealthchallengesofourtime.Everyonefromdoctorstothegovernmenthasbeentryingtohandleit.可知，垃圾食品很美味，这使吃得好成为一个巨大的健康挑战，从医生”

到政府每一个人都一直在努力应对这一挑战。

由此可知，对医生而言，让人们吃得健康依

然是一个巨大的健康挑战。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中先提到“食品公司想要消费者想吃垃圾食品”，紧接着

说到“它们（食品公司）花巨资想办法推广垃圾食品，它们聘请科学家制作新的垃圾食品，

使人们几乎无法抗拒”，接着还举例说“它们可能会往垃圾食品中添加更多的糖”。

由此可以

推断，作者在本段主要是想告诉读者食品公司是如何想方设法让人们去吃垃圾食品的。

故

选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第四段主要介绍Bryan给德克萨斯州的一所学校的八年级学生

们上的课，再根据文章最后一段Afterthelessons,thekidsinbothgroupswereaskedhow

theyfeltaboutjunkfood.Mostdidn'thavepositivefeelingsabouttheseunhealthyfoods.可知，课后当这些孩子被问及他们对垃圾食品的看法时，大多数人对这些不健康的食品都不持正

面的看法。

由此可以推断，Bryan的课是有效的。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.

TheresultsshowthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetoclaimtopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Latvianwomen,meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof169.8cm.

JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearchfromImperialCollege,London,saystheglobaltrendislikelytobeduetoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare."Anindividual'sgeneticshasabiginfluenceontheirheight,butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalesskeyrole,"headded.

Alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages,saysElioRiboliofImperialCollege."Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy,"hesaid."Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular（心血管的）diseaseamongtallerpeople."

Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanyAfricancountriescausesconcern,saysRiboli.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.

"Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s,"saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversityofSussex.Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesthatfollowedthepolicyofstructuraladjustment,hesays,ledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtoreachtheirfullpotential（潜力）intermsofheight.

Benthambelievestheglobaltrendofincreasingheighthasimportantimplications"Howtallwearenowisstronglyinfluencedbytheenvironmentwegrewupin,"hesaid."Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome."

（1）Whatdoestheglobalstudytellusaboutpeople'sheightinthelastcentury?

A.Theincreaseinpeople'sheighthasbeenquickening.

B.Theincreaseinwomen'sheightisbiggerthaninmen's.

C.Thereisaremarkabledifferenceacrosscontinents.

D.Therehasbeenanoticeableincreaseinmostcountries.

（2）WhatdoesElioRibolisayabouttallerpeople?

A.Theyenjoyaneasierlife.B.Theytendtolivelonger.

C.Theyriskfewerdeadlydiseases.D.Theyhavegreaterexpectationsinlife.

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reversed"inParagraph5mean?

A.Sloweddown.B.Goneupwards.C.Changedtothecontrary.D.Cometolifeagain.

（4）WhatdoesJamesBenthamsuggestwedo?

A.Ensurechildren'spropernutritionandhealthcare.

B.Improvetheeconomicsituationofsomecountries.

C.Watchtheglobaltrendofincreasingheightclosely.

D.Attachgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.

【答案】

（1）D

⑵B

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，全球研究调查了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。

全球身高增长的趋势有着重要的影响。

我们现在的身高很大程度上受到我们成长环境的影响。

如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。

作者建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的"Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.在过去的一个世纪里，人们的身高不断增长，韩国女性的平均身高增加了

20厘米以上，伊朗男性的平均身高增加了16.5厘米。

一项全球研究调查了1914年至2014年间200个国家18岁青年的平均身高。

"可知，这项全球研究调查了1914年到2014年200个国家18岁年轻人的平均身高，得出了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。

故选

D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的”Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy可知，身材更高的人平均寿命更长。

故选“B。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第五段中的”WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringthe

early20thcentury而在“20世纪早期，乌干达和尼日尔的身高有所增加；以及”withheight

decreasingamong18-year-olds.在“18岁的人群中，随着身高的下降。

可知，reversed的意思

是"反转"。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的”Iwfegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,

theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome.如果我们现在给孩子们最好的“

人生开端，他们在未来的几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。

可知，他建议我们要确保孩子

们的营养和医疗保健。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．（2019?

江苏）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，

选出最佳选项。

WhocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheInternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthanthewashingmachine?

Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrecentchanges?

Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople'sopinions.However,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.

ThefascinationwiththeICT（InformationandCommunicationTechnology）revolution,representedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso"yesterday"thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin"post-industrialsociety"hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector（制造业）withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.

Evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeInternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmovedtheinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe"digitaldivide"betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.ThishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandInternetfacilities.Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupInternetcentresinruralvillages,Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.

Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina"