高考英语阅读理解冲刺训练Day 4.docx
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高考英语阅读理解冲刺训练Day 4.docx
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高考英语阅读理解冲刺训练Day4
高考英语阅读理解冲刺训练Day4
Passage1
DanielAnderson,afamouspsychologist,believesit'simportanttodistinguishtelevision'sinfluencesonchildrenfromthoseofthefamily.WetendtoblameTV,hesays,forproblemsitdoesn'treallycause,overlookingourownrolesinshapingchildren'sminds.
Onetraditionalbeliefabouttelevisionisthatitreducesachild'sabilitytothinkandtounderstandtheworld.WhilewatchingTV,childrendonotmerelyabsorbwordsandimages(影像).Instead,theylearnbothexplicitandhiddenmeaningsfromwhattheysee.Actually,childrenlearnearlythepsychologyofcharactersinTVshows.Furthermore,asmanyteachersagree,childrenunderstandfarmorewhenparentswatchTVwiththem,explainingnewwordsandideas.Yet,mostparentsuseaneducationalprogramasachancetoparktheirkidsinfrontofthesetanddosomethinginanotherroom.
Anotherargumentagainsttelevisionisthatitreplacesreadingasaformofentertainment.ButaccordingtoAnderson,theamountoftimespentwatchingtelevisionisnotrelatedtoreadingability.TVdoesn'ttaketheplaceofreadingformostchildren;ittakestheplaceofsimilarsortsofrecreation,suchaslisteningtotheradioandplayingsports.Thingslikeparents'educationalbackgroundhaveastrongerinfluenceonachild'sreading.“Achild'sreadingabilityisbestpredictedbyhowmuchaparentreads.”Andersonsays.
Traditionalwisdomalsohasitthatheavytelevision-watchinglowersIQ(智商)scoresandaffectsschoolperformance.Buthere,too,Andersonnotesthatnostudieshaveprovedit.Infact,researchsuggeststhatit'stheotherwayaround.“Ifyou'resmartyoung,you'llwatchlessTVwhenyou'reolder,”Andersonsays.Yet,peopleoflowerIQtendtobelifelongtelevisionviewers.
Foryearsresearchershaveattemptedtoshowthattelevisionisdangeroustochildren.However,byshowingthattelevisionpromotesnoneofthedangerouseffectsasconventionallybelieved,Andersonsuggeststhattelevisioncannotbecondemnedwithoutconsideringotherinfluences.
1.BywatchingTV,childrenlearn_______.
A.imagesthroughwords
B.morethanexplicitmeanings
C.moreaboutimagesthanwords
D.littleaboutpeople'spsychology
2.Aneducationalprogramisbestwatchedbyachild_______.
A.onhisown
B.withotherkids
C.withhisparents
D.withhisteachers
3.Whichofthefollowingismostrelatedtochildren'sreadingability?
A.Radio-listening.
B.Television-watching.
C.Parents'readinglist.
D.Parents'educationalbackground.
4.Andersonbelievedthat_______.
A.themoreachildwatchesTV,thesmarterheis
B.theyoungerachildis,themorehewatchesTV
C.thesmarterachildis,thelesslikelyhegetsaddictedtoTV
D.thelessachildwatchesTV,thebetterheperformsatschool
5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
A.ToadviseontheeducationaluseofTV.
B.TodescribeTV'sharmfuleffectsonchildren.
C.ToexplaintraditionalviewsonTVinfluences.
D.TopresentAnderson'sunconventionalideas.
Passage2
Mostdamagingly,angerweakensaperson'sabilitytothinkclearlyandkeepcontroloverhisbehaviour.Theangrypersonlosesobjectivityinevaluatingtheemotionalsignificanceofthepersonorsituationthatarouseshisanger.
Noteveryoneexperiencesangerinthesameway;whatangersonepersonmayamuseanother.Thespecificexpressionofangeralsodiffersfrompersontopersonbasedonbiologicalandculturalforces.Incontemporaryculture,physicalexpressionsofangeraregenerallyconsideredtoosociallyharmfultobetolerated.Wenolongerregardduels(决斗)asanappropriateexpressionofangerresultingfromoneperson'sawarenessofinsultingbehaviouronthepartofanother.
Angercanbeidentifiedinthebrain,wheretheelectricalactivitychanges.UndermostconditionsEEG(脑电图)measuresofelectricalactivityshowbalancedactivitybetweentherightandleftprefrontal(额叶前部)areas.Behaviourallythiscorrespondstothegeneraleven-handeddisposition(意向)thatmostofuspossessmostofthetime.ButwhenweareangrytheEEGoftherightandleftprefrontalareasaren'tbalancedand,asaresultofthis,we'relikelytoreact.Andourbehaviouralresponsetoangerisdifferentfromourresponsetootheremotions,whetherpositiveornegative.
Mostpositiveemotionsareassociatedwithapproachbehaviour:
wemoveclosertopeoplewelike.Mostnegativeemotions,incontrast,areassociatedwithavoidancebehaviour:
wemoveawayfrompeopleandthingsthatwedislikeorthatmakeusanxious.Butangerisanexceptiontothispattern.Theangrierweare,themorelikelywearetomovetowardstheobjectofouranger.Thiscorrespondstowhatpsychologistsrefertoasofoffensiveanger:
theangrypersonmovescloserinordertoinfluenceandcontrolthepersonorsituationcausinghisanger.Thisapproach-and-confrontbehaviourisaccompaniedbyaleftwardprefrontalasymmetry(不对称)ofEEGactivity.Interestingly,thisasymmetrylessensiftheangrypersoncanexperienceempathy(同感)towardstheindividualwhoisbringingforththeangryresponse.Indefensiveanger,incontrast,theEEGasymmetryisdirectedtotherightandtheangrypersonfeelshelplessinthefaceoftheanger-inspiringsituation.
1.The“duels”exampleinParagraph2provesthattheexpressionofanger______.
A.usuallyhasabiologicalbasis
B.variesamongpeople
C.issociallyandculturallyshaped
D.influencesone'sthinkingandevaluation
2.Whatchangescanbefoundinanangrybrain?
A.Balancedelectricalactivitycanbespotted.
B.Unbalancedpatternsarefoundinprefrontalareas.
C.Electricalactivitycorrespondstoone'sbehaviour.
D.Electricalactivityagreeswithone'sdisposition.
3.Whichofthefollowingistypicalofoffensiveanger?
A.Approachingthesourceofanger.
B.Tryingtocontrolwhatisdisliked.
C.Movingawayfromwhatisdisliked.
D.Feelinghelplessinthefaceofanger.
4.Whatisthekeymessageofthelastparagraph?
A.Howangerdiffersfromotheremotions.
B.Howangerrelatestootheremotions.
C.Behaviouralresponsestoanger.
D.Behaviouralpatternsofanger.
Passage3
Lifeinthesummertimeisoftenfullofpests.LikemostLongIslandhomeowners,Iwanttoensuremysuburbanlifewithpest-freeliving.Soitwaswithwide-eyedwonderthatIgreetedthesmilingexterminator(灭虫者)whorangmybell.
“We’llbeservingyourneighbors,MikeandSarah(I’mnotfamiliarwitheitheronebyname),”hewavedintheotherdirection.“Sincewe’llhaveateamheretomorrow,we’reofferingadiscount.“Hecameoutwithnumbersbeginningfrom$299theninsecondsto$89.
“You’veprobablybeenseeingtheanthillsaround.“hemovedtowardmyfrontwalkwayandlawn.“Andhaveyouseenthebeesthatdignestsintheground?
”hecontinuedwithhisheadshakingupanddownpushingmetodothesame.
“Whatwedoisspraythreefeetoutfromyourfoundationandthreefeetup.“Ashewastalking,andwithoutbreakingeyecontact,heopenedhisiPadcoverandbeganoperatingatthescreentoshowmefrighteningimages.“Italsokillsotherpests,likespiders.Itisthebestpesticide(杀虫剂),”hesaid,pausingforeffect.
Hethenwentintosofttalktoclosethedeal,correctlyforeseeingthatIwouldbeconcernedaboutsafetyandtheenvironmentalimpactonmyvegetablegarden,plantsandourlittlepatchofplanethereonLongIsland.“Theproductsareenvironmentallyresponsible,safewithchildrenandpets,”hesaid.
I’munkindwhenitcomestounwantedvisitorsenteringonmyout-of-doorsmoments.Anyinsectfoundinmyhouseoronmydeckisboundtobepoisonedorpancaked.
Unfortunatelyfortheexterminator,justasIwasconsideringmakinganappointment,Billy,myfearlesshusband,pulledintoourdriveway,whichmademeaskforabusinesscardoutofpolitenessinstead.
1.Howdidtheauthorfeelatthesightoftheexterminator?
A.Frightened.B.Disappointed.C.Puzzled.D.Surprised.
2.Whatdidtheexterminatoroffertheauthorifsheacceptedhisservice?
A.Adiscount.B.Agrouprate.
C.AniPadforfree.D.Afreepesticide.
3.Whywastheauthorworriedaboutthepesticide?
A.Itmightcausefrighteningimages.
B.Itmightharmherfamilyandsurroundings.
C.Itmightbetooexpensiveforhertoafford.
D.Itmighthavenoeffectonunwantedvisitors.
4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
A.Billysawhisneighborscheatedbytheexterminator.
B.Theauthorissuretophonethesalesmanlater.
C.TheauthorhadplannedtobuythepesticidebeforeBillyappeared.
D.Billymadeuphismindtopurchasethepesticide.
Passage4
Thepopularwisdomforyearshasbeenthatdrinkinginmoderation(适度)—that’sone“standard”drinkadayforwomenandtwoformen-islinkedtoalowerriskofcardiovascular(心血管的)disease.Butrecentstudiesarecastingsomedoubtonthatlong-heldlearning.Sciencenowsaysitdependsonyourageanddrinkinghabits.
A2017studyofnearly2millionBritishwithnocardiovascularriskfoundthattherewasstillamodestbenefitinmoderatedrinking,especiallyforwomenover55whodrankfivedrinksaweek.Whythatage?
Alcoholcaninfluencethesubstanceinthebloodinpositiveways,expertssay,andthat’sabouttheagewhenheartproblemsbegintooccur.
Also,a2018studyfoundthatdrinkingmorethan100gramsofalcoholperweek—equaltoroughlysevenstandarddrinksintheUnitedStatesorfivetosixglassesofwineintheUK—increasesyourriskofdeathfromallcausesandinturnlowersyourlifeexpectancy.Linkswerefoundwithdifferentformsofcardiovasculardisease,withpeoplewhodrankmorethan100gramsperweekhavinga
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