英文文献人机界面 科技类 通信电子.docx
- 文档编号:8703949
- 上传时间:2023-02-01
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:12
- 大小:200.13KB
英文文献人机界面 科技类 通信电子.docx
《英文文献人机界面 科技类 通信电子.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英文文献人机界面 科技类 通信电子.docx(12页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英文文献人机界面科技类通信电子
ApplyingWeb-basedNetworkingProtocolsandSoftwareArchitecturesforprovidingadaptivity,personalization,andremotizationfeaturestoIndustrialHumanMachineInterfaceApplications
AlessandroBozzon,MarcoBrambilla,PieroFraternali,PaoloSperoni,andGiovanniToffetti
PolitecnicodiMilano,DipartimentodiElettronicaeInformazione,Italy
{bozzon,mbrambil,fraterna,paolo.speroni,toffetti}@elet.polimi.it
Abstract
ThispaperproposesaninnovativeuseofamixofnetworkingstandardsandsoftwareimplementationtechnologiesforthedesignofindustrialHumanMachineInterface(HMI)systems.Wedescribehowwellknowntechnologiesandpracticescanbetransferredfrominternet-basedarchitecturestoembeddedsystems.Severaladvancedfeaturescanbeachievedthankstothisarchitecture,suchasapplicationadaptivity,interfacepersonalization,controlremotization,andmulti-channelnotification.
1.Introduction
ThecurrentstatusofHMI(HumanMachineInterface)inthefieldofindustrialautomationischaracterizedbyapredominanceofembeddedlowpowerdevicesthatareinterfacedwithproprietaryorstandardfieldbusesspecificallydevisedfortheindustrialplantmonitoringandautomation.
Commercialsystemstypicallyrelyonproprietaryarchitecturesforthehardwareandtheoperatingsystems,theI/Ointerface,thecommunicationprotocolsimplementation,thegraphicdisplaymanagement,andthebusinesslogics.。
Thissituationislargelyduetothestrongfocusoncosts,performancesandreliability,whichovercomestheinterestinstandardarchitecturesandhighqualityofinterfacesandservices.
Moreover,industrialautomationcommunicationprotocolshavenotreachedthesamelevelofstandardizationasofficecommunicationnetworks,whichfurtherjustifiesthepredominanceofproprietaryarchitectures.
However,thesuccessoftheInternetandoftheWebhasstartedimpactingtheindustrialHMIworldtoo.IndustrialusersarestartingtofamiliarizewithWebinterfaces,graphicalquality,multimediacontent,andfeaturessuchasmobility,adaptivity,andpersonalizationoftheapplications.
Atthesametime,TCP-IPbasedcommunicationprotocolsandembeddedoperatingsystemshavestartedtospreadintheindustrialautomationfield[6][10],thusreducingtheneedofproprietaryarchitecturesmakingenterprisewideintegrationmoreappealing.
Inthisscenario,itiseasytoforeseeaslowbutinexorableconvergenceoftheindustrialHMIsolutionstowardsstandardarchitectures,standardcommunicationprotocols,andadvancedinteractivefunctions.
OurworkfocusesonthedesignofanewdistributedsoftwarearchitectureforHMIsystemsabletoprovidefeaturesandservicessuchaspersonalization,adaptivity,distribution,mobility,multi-channelnotification,integrationwithofficenetworksandsoftwarepackages,althoughpreservingtherobustness,reliability,performanceandcost-effectivenessoftraditionalHMIsolutions.
Theproject,calledESAMyHMIisaresearchactivitycarriedoutincollaborationbetweenPolitecnicodiMilanoandESAElettronicaS.p.A.,anItaliancompanyoperatingintheHMImarket.
TheprojecthasledtoanovelHMIarchitecture,whichleveragesthemostadvancedarchitecturalpatternsofmulti-tierWebapplicationstodeploysophisticatedHMIfunctionalitiesontopoflow-cost,industrial-class,embeddedhardware.
2.OverviewoftheindustrialHMImarket
IndustrialHMIproductsrarelyimplementinnovativeservices,suchasremoteaccesstotheplantcontrol,messagingandremotenotification.
Indeed,HMIcompaniesseemtoprivilegeexclusivelyperformanceandgoodaccesstoindustrialcommunicationstandards,evenifthesefactorscouldbeincompatiblewiththeadoptionofinnovativesolutionbasedonmodernandsolidWebarchitectures.
EventheHMIplayersthatseemtoofferthemostinnovativecontents(andclaimtheirproductsareWeb-enabled)stillleverageonlegacyarchitectures,typicallyexploitingmonolithicApplications.
Onthecontrary,recentstudies[6]showhowusersareincreasinglylookingtowardsanewrangeofproductswithadvancedfeatures,superiorgraphicalcapabilitiesandimprovedusabilitythatcouldgrant:
•remoteandpossibly,distributedcontrolofanindustrialplant;
•remotenotificationsolutionsevenwhentheuserisnotinfrontoftheterminal;
•personalizationandautomaticadaptationoftheGUI;
•integrationwithexistingenterpriseprocesses,systemsandequipments;
•opennesstonewstandardandbestpractisesinthefield,byofferinglowcostmodularityandextensibility.
SCADA(SupervisoryControlAndDataAcquisition)systemsrecentlyintroducedsome
interestinginnovationsbut,astheacronymsuggests,theirtargetisfocusedonproductsthatimplementawiderangeofhigh-levelfunctionalitiesandthatcanbedeployedinalargesetofcontexts.
Theyaretypicallydeployedonhigh-profiledevices(PCsandpowerfulembeddedsystems)andrepresentanicheintheHMImarket.Intheothermarket’ssectors,innovationhasbeenledbymainvendors(e.g.,Siemens),whohavebeenworkingforthepastfewyearsinraisingthelevelofthefeaturesprovidedbytraditionalHMIapplications.
Sm@rtAccess[15],forexample,isatechnologydevelopedthatallowsdistributingthecontrolofanindustrialplantoveramaximumofthreestations.
Itsfunctioning,though,isbasedonsimplybroadcastingthedisplayedinterfaceoftheapparatusthatisdirectlyconnectedwiththeplanttotheothersclients.
ThebandwidthrequirementsofthisapproachexceedthecapabilityofatypicalInternetconnection.
Progea[16]proposesamoreinnovativesolutionbyofferingremotizationfeaturesandaWeb-basedarchitecture.
RunningtheProgeaserverapplicationonaWindowsXPbasedPC,itispossibletoremotelycontrolaplantfromaninternetconnectedstandardWebbrowserthathasthesupportofaJVM(JavaVirtualMachine).
Evenifpowerful,thisapproachlacksinofferingaportablesolutionsincedifferentimplementationshavebeenprovidedfordifferentplatforms.
3.RequirementsfornovelHMIsolutions
Dynamic
configuration
TheorganizationandappearanceoftheHMIshouldnotbehard-wired,butdynamicallyconfigurableintermsofnumberandtypeofthecontrolledvariables,layoutofthepages,displayeddata,andsoforth
Userloginand
accesscontrol
Usersshouldbeidentifiedunivocally,andgrantedaccesstothesystembasedonasuccessfulauthentication
Personalization
Theusershouldbeabletocustomizethegraphicpropertiesoftheinterface,andsavehispreferencesinaprofile.
Interface
adaptation
Theuserinterfaceshouldadaptitselftofitthescreenofheterogeneousdevicesbymeansofdeclarativerules.
Alarms
Managementpolicies
Thesystemshouldprovidemechanisms
forthenotificationofthealarmstotheuser,accordingtospecificpolicies.
Functional
restriction
TheproduceroftheHMIsystemshouldbeabletodisableselectedfunctionsonspecificterminals,fortuningthefeaturesontheproductcommercialvalue.
Reporting
Reportsfromlogdatashouldbeproducedindifferentformats,toallowremotevisualization,dispatchingandprinting.
ThemarketofindustrialHMIisseeingaslowbutsteadyevolutiontowardstheintegrationofindustrialautomationterminalswithsoftwareandhardwarearchitecturestypicalofofficeandWeb-basedapplications,toachievegreaterusabilityandflexibilityoftheinterfaceandeasierinteroperabilitybetweenindustrialautomationsolutionsandenterpriseinformationsystems.
ThisgoalrequiresunbundlingthefunctionsandmodulesofatraditionalHMIsolution,deployingthemoveramodularanddistributedsystem,whichexploitstheopenstandardsoftheInternetandthearchitecturalpatternsofmulti-tierWebApplications.TheMyHMIprojectaimsatdesigning,implementingandevaluatingadistributedHMIplatformwhich
canbeseamlesslyaccessedbothlocallyandremotelyandcanbeeasilyintegratedintheenterpriseICTinfrastructure.Themajorfunctionalandnon-functionalrequirementsatthebaseoftheMyHMIdesignaresummarizedinTable1andTable2,respectively.
Network
topology
Thesystemshouldsupportanetworkarchitectureforstandalone,local(LAN),fixedremote(wiredWeb)andmobileremote(Wireless)access.Client-servercommunicationshouldexploittheHTTPprotocol,forfirewallcompatibility.
Software
architecture
Thesoftwareshouldbebasedonstandardoperatingsystems.TheclientapplicationshouldruninastandardWebbrowserandshouldautomaticallyscaleondifferentscreenresolutions;theserverapplicationshouldexploitastandarddynamicWebarchitecture.
Presentation
Theinterfaceshouldexploitdeviceindependentrenditiontechnologies(i.e.,XHTML,SVG,Flash).
Performance
PerformanceofpagedatarefreshshouldbecomparabletostandaloneHMIsystems(10datarefreshespersecond).
4.TheMyHMIarchitecture
InthissectionweoverviewthemaincharacteristicsofthedesignoftheMyHMIframework.TheoverallarchitectureoftheMyHMIplatformisillustratedinFigure1:
theHMIfunctionality,usuallyembeddedwithintheterminalattachedtothecontrolledsystem,becomespartitionedintoaclient-serverarchitecture,implementedontopofahybridcommunicationnetwork,comprisinganEthernetbackbonethatconnectstheHMIdevicesandasetoffieldbusprotocolsforconnectingtothecontrolledplant.
4.1.Generaldesignchoices
Thedesignofthesystemhadtoaddressseveralissues,accordingtotherequirements.Inthissectionwegiveasummaryoftheadoptedsolutions.
4.1.1.Distributionmodelofpresentationandbusinesslogic.
Thearchitecturedesignhasbeenaddressedbyapplyingthestateoftheartsoluti
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英文文献 人机界面 科技类 通信电子 英文 文献 科技 通信 电子