动词不定式的用法及练习题北京四中讲解.docx
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动词不定式的用法及练习题北京四中讲解.docx
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动词不定式的用法及练习题北京四中讲解
北京四中
撰稿老师:
黄 浩 编审老师:
蔡正礼 责任编辑:
丁 华
动词不定式的用法讲解及练习题
不定式既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词,形容词和副词的句法功能
否定式:
not+不定式
不定式的时态
一般说来,不定式一般式表示的动作有时与限定动词表示的动作同时发生,也有时发生在限定动词表示的动作之后。
如:
Whoheardhimsaythat?
Heseemstoknowthis.
Ihopetoseeyouagain.
不定式进行式表示动作正在进行,通常与限定动词表示的动作同时发生,如:
Theyaresaidtobebuildinganotherbridgeacrosstheriver.
Ihappenedtobegoingthatwaytoo.
不定式完成式表示的动作发生在限定动词表示的动作之前,如:
Iamsorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.
Iamgladtohaveseenyourmother.
不定式的句法功能:
(1)作主语
Totalkwithhimisagreatpleasure.
不定式短语作主语时,为了保持句子的平衡,往往以it作形式主语,而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后,如:
It'snicetohearyourvoice.
(2)作表语
Herwishistobecomeanartist.
(3)作宾语
常用于及物动词:
want,hope,wish,like,need,hate,offer,prefer,begin,start,attempt,decide,determine,expect,promise,pretend,refuse,afford,manage,help等之后,如:
Youshouldcontinuetolearnaslongasyoulive.
注1:
如果作宾语的不定式又有自己的补语,则须用先行词it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语不定式后置,如:
Theyfounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.
注2:
不定式一般不能作介词的宾语,只有在极少数介词如:
but,except等后边才行。
此时不定式可以带to或不带to,如:
Inverycoldwinterweatheracold-bloodedanimalhasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.
Therewasnothinglefttodobutcleanthewindows.(前边有do,to省略)
但“疑问词+不定式”结构可以作介词的宾语,如:
Ihavenoideaaboutwhattodonext.
(4)作宾语补足语
通常用于及物动词或动词短语:
want,wish,ask,order,beg,tell,permit,know,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,require,callon,waitfor等之后,如:
Theteacheraskedthestudentstohandintheirhomework.
(5)作定语
不定式作定语时,须放在被它修饰的名词或代词之后。
被修饰的名词或代词往往是不定式的逻辑宾语。
Ihavealotofworktodo.
当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可用主动语态,又可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同。
所以如果修饰名词的不定式的动作是主语作的,不定式用主动。
试比较:
Haveyouanythingtosend?
你有什么东西要寄吗?
(不定式tosend的逻辑主语是you)
Haveyouanythingtobesent?
你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?
(不定式tobesent的逻辑主语是已被省略的me或someoneelse)
I'vegotletterstowrite.
Hehassomethingtosaytoyou.
(6)作状语
作修饰动词的目的状语
Wemustdoeverythingwecantohelpthem.
作修饰动词的结果状语
加强意料不到的语气,在表示结果的不定式前还可加only,如:
Iwenttoseehimonlytofindhimout.
作修饰表语形容词的状语:
修饰形容词的不定式用主动:
Thechairiscomfortabletositin.
作结果状语或程度状语。
too+形容词(或副词)+todo太-----(以致)不能(做)
Itistoodarkforustoseeanythingintheroom.
形容词(或副词)+enough+todo -------足以(做)
Istheboyoldenoughtogotoschool?
(7)作独立成分
Totellyouthetruth
Tocutalongstoryshort
Tobeginwith(首先)
不定式的复合结构“for+名词(或代词宾语)+todosth.”
这种结构中的for本身无意义,for后的名词或代词(宾格)是不定式的逻辑主语
Thisisforyoutodecide.
句型1:
Itis+forsb.todosth.
句型2:
Itis+ofsb.todosth.
good,kind,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,right,wrong,rude,impolite,careless,naughty等
不定式省去to的情况
(1)当两个或两个以上的不定式并列在一起时,第一个不定式带to,后面的不定式往往把to省去。
如:
Iwishedtofinishmyhomeworkand(to)getaway.
但是,如果是在对照的场合,则不可以省去“to”,如:
Itisbettertolaughthancry.(wrong)
(2)在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe,listento,lookat和使役动词let,make,have的复合宾语中,不定式须省去to。
如:
Iamadoctor.Letmeexamineyou.
(3)在help的复合宾语中,不定式可以带to也可以不带to.
Heoftenhelpsme(to)domyhomework.
(4)hadbetter,hadbest,wouldrather,wouldrather---than,cannotbut,---You'dbetterremainwhereyouare.
精选练习
Ⅰ、翻译句子
1.________________________________(保卫祖国)isoursacredduty.
2.Itisanhonor__________________________(全心全意为人民服务).
3.Itwasnotcorrect________________________(那样谈话).
4.Itwasamistake____________________(不继续这项工作).
5.Itwasstupid_______________________(我没有采纳你的意见).
6.Herwishis___________________(当一名科学家).
7.Ourmaintaskis_________________(努力学习).
8.Themainpurposeofacamerais______________(照相).
9.Whatworriesmeis___________________(在会上该说些什么).
10.WhatIwantedwas_______________________(使这项工作尽快完成).
11.Iforget___________________________(在信里提那件事了).
12.WithouthesitationLaoListoppedhistruckandhelped_____________________(把一袋袋的粮食运到安全的地方).
13.Wouldyoulike___________________________(出席这次会议).
14.I'llshowyou____________________________(怎样使用计算器).
15.Ifound________________________________(不可能使她改变主意).
16.Thedoctortold_____________________________(病人们好好休息).
17.Ididn'texpect______________________________(问题那样复杂).
18.Didyounotice______________________________(有人离开房子吗)?
19.Manmustmake_______________________________(地球养活更多的人).
20.Youmustget_________________________________(他今晚到这里来一趟).
21.Doyouhave__________________________________(什么问题要问)?
22.JohnBairdfound_______________________________(用无线电传送图像的方法).
23.Thereare______________________________________(很多事情要谈)
24.Heisnot_________________________________(只想自己的人).
25.It'stime__________________________________(你起床).
26.Hewasdelighted____________________________(看见她身体这样好).
27.Thisbookis_______________________________(不容易懂).
28.Helikednewclothessomuchthathespentallhistimeandallhismoney________(为了穿得漂亮).
29.Youmustspeaklouder________________________(以便让大家都听见).
30.Shewas______________________________(气得说不出一句话来).
Ⅱ、单项选择
1.Theteachertoldthem________makesomuchnoise.
A.don't B.not C.willnot D.notto
2.Ourmasteroftentoldus_______thingsforgranted.
A.nottohave B.nottotake
C.didn'ttake D.nottomake
3.Tellhim_______thewindow.
A.toshutnot B.nottoshut
C.tonotshut D.notshut
4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.
A.notto B.nottodo C.notdoit D.donotto
5.Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter________afterdrinking.
A.nevertodrive B.toneverdrive
C.neverdriving D.neverdrive
6.Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.
A.toeatnot B.eatingnot C.nottoeat D.noteating
7.Theworkerswantus________togetherwiththem.
A.work B.working C.towork D.worked
8.Theywouldnotallowhim________acrosstheenemyline.
A.toriskgoing B.riskingtogo
C.forrisktogo D.riskgoing
9.Isawhim_______outoftheroom.
A.go B.hadgone C.hasgone D.goes
10.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_______upfromchildhood.
A.grow B.grew C.wasgrowing D.togrow
11.I'veheardhim_______aboutyouoften.
A.spoke B.speaks C.speak
12.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_______,todayhewasmade______byhislittlesister.
A.cry;tocry B.crying;crying
C.cry;cry D.tocry;cry
13.Hewasmade_________.
A.go B.gone C.going D.togo
14.Johnwasmade_______thetruckforaweekasapunishment.
A.towash B.washing C.wash D.tobewashing
15.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade_______.Healwaysworkshard.
A.learn B.tolearn C.learned D.learning
16.There'resomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan'tmakeupmymind_______tobuy.
A.what B.which C.how D.where
17.Thereisn'tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon'tknow_________.
A.wheretochoose B.whichtochoose
C.tochoosewhat D.tochoosewhich
18.“Haveyoudecidedwhen________?
”
“Yes,tomorrowmorning.”
A.toleave B.tobeleaving
C.willyouleave D.areyouleaving
19.LastsummerItookacourseon________.
A.howtomakedresses B.howdressesbemade
C.howtobemadedresses D.howdressestobemade
20.Hedoesn'tknow______tostayornot.
A.whether B.if C.either D.ifhewill
21.Shepretended_______mewhenIpassedby.
A.nottosee B.notseeing
C.tonotsee D.havingnotseen
22.---Thelightintheofficeisstillon.
---Oh,Iforgot_______.
A.turningitoff B.turnitoff
C.toturnitoff D.havingturneditoff
23.Weagreed_________herebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.
A.havingmet B.meeting C.tomeet D.tohavemet
24.LittleJimshouldlove_______tothetheatrethisevening.
A.tobetaken B.totake C.beingtaken D.taking
25.Iwouldlove______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.
A.togo B.tohavegone C.going D.havinggone
26.Frankisthekindofpersonwhopeopleliketo________.
A.makefriendwith B.makefriendsof
C.makefriends D.makefriendswith
27.Goon________theotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.
A.todo B.doing C.with D.tobedoing
28.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrockbythesideofthepath.
A.tohaverested B.resting C.torest D.rest
29.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident________losehisjob.
A.sonotasto B.soasnotto
C.soastonot D.notsoasto
30.Ineedadayortwo________.
A.tothinkitover B.tothinkover C.ofthinking
31.Hewastooexcited_________.
A.speak B.tospeak C.nottospeak D.speaking
32.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered________thefirstcomputer.
A.toinvent B.inventing
C.tohaveinvented D.havinginvented
33.Hesaidhewouldrathernot_______itrightnow.
A.doing B.todo C.do D.tobedoing
34.Ratherthan_______onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_______abicycle.
A.ride;ride B.riding;ride
C.ride;to
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