概要写作写作指导.docx
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概要写作写作指导.docx
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概要写作写作指导
概要写作写作指导
篇一:
周永鹏概要写作教学设计概要写作教学设计台州一中周永鹏
LearningGoals:
1.Learnaboutthemainfeaturesofanexposition
2.Learnhowtofindthemainpointsineachparagraph
3.Learntousevariouswaystoexpressthemainpoints
4.Learntousetransitiontomakethesummarycoherent
5.Learntousechecklisttomakecommentonasummary
6.Learnabouttheimportanceofsafedriving
TeachingProcedure:
Step1Lead-in
T:
First,Iwanttoshowyousomepictures.Whatdoyouthinkofthesetrafficaccidents?
S:
Trafficaccidentsaredangerous.
T:
Yes,theyarenotonlydangerousbutalsoverycommon.Accordingtoasurvey,mostcausesoftrafficaccidentsarerelatedwithdrivers.Canyoulistsomereasons?
S:
Speeding;Tireddriving;Drunkdriving;Carelessdriving;Usingcellphoneswhiledriving
Step2Determinethetexttypeandmainaspectofeachparagraph
T:
Todaywewillfocusonapassageonasocialphenomenon,whichisusingcellphoneswhiledriving.Doyouthinkwhataspectswillbementionedinthepassage?
S:
cause;effect;solution;opinionandsoon.
Cause:
Notmentioned
Negativeeffect:
Para2
Solution:
Para3/4
Opinion:
Para1/5
T:
Whatisthestyleofthepassage?
S:
A.NarrationB.ExpositionC.Argumentation
Step3Displaythebasicrequirementofasummary
ASummaryWritingonUsingcellphoneswhiledrivingshouldbe:
1.Complete
Itincludesallthemain&supportingpointsusingyourownwords.
2.Concise
Itomitsunnecessarydetailslikeexamples,explanationsandotherunimportantinformation;
3.Coherent
Itisaparagraphwithnecessarytransitionstomakeitflow.
4.Correct
Itshouldbewritteninagrammaticallycorrectway
5.Objective
Itdoesn'ctontainyourownideasoremotionsonthetopic.
Step4Findthemainpointsandmaketheoutline
[Para1&5:
author'sopinion]
Para1Cellphonesareusedeverywhere,butJohnAndrettisays,“Drivingsafelyisyourfirstresponsibility.”
[Para2:
negativeeffect]
Para2TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinereportedthat“”Themajorproblemisthatthedriverisnotfocusedontheroad,butonhisorherconversation.Cellphonedriversareveryunpredictable:
theydrivetoofastortooslow,makeimproperturns,runredlights,andevenstopatgreenones.I'tsnotonlyannoying;it'sdangerous.Accidentsrelatedtocellphonesincluderear-endingothervehicles,runningoffaroadandcrashingintotrees,fences,andbuildings,andeventurningover.
[Para3&4:
solution]
Para3InOctoberattheCaliforniaTrafficSafetySummit,expertsshowedthat“cellphonesusedbydriversleadtoatleast1,000deathsperyearinCalifornia.”Thesearethesameproblemsthatoccurwithdrunkdriving,whichisagainstthelawandstrictlyenforcedadangerousdistractionto:
1.distractthedrivers'attention
2.cause/contributeto/bringaboutharmfuldistractionto
3.driverstendtobedistractedusingcellphoneswhiledrivingshouldbeforbidden:
1.phonesshouldn'tbeallowedontheroad
2.putabanonusingphonesontheroad
3.shouldbepreventedfromusing
phones
Cellphonesusedontheroadareadangerousdistractiontodriversandshouldbeforbidden.
1.Usingcellphoneswhiledrivingcandistractthedriversa'ttentionandshouldbebanned.
2.Cellphonesshouldn'bteallowedontheroadbecausetheycauseharmfuldistractiontodrivers.
3.Driversshouldbepreventedfromusingcellphoneswhiledrivingbecausetheytendtobedistracted.
Step6Haveatrytowriteasummary
Step7Learntousetransitiontomakethesummarycoherent
Usingcellphoneswhiledrivingcandistractthedrivers'attentionandshouldb
banned.Drivershaveahigherrateofaccidentsduetoalackofconcentrationontheroad.1,weneed
lawtolimitthecellphonesuse.
2,theyshouldusecell
phonesinamoreresponsibleway.
3,cellphonesareimportant
andshouldbeusedwisely.Wehadbetternotusethemwhiledriving.
Transition:
1.后果与措施之间:
1)therefore;so(连词)
2)tosolvetheproblem;tohandlethiscase;todealwithit
toreduceaccidents/death;becausetheaccidentshappenfrequently;becauseofthelargenumberofaccidents;becauseofthebadeffect(问题出发)
3)tomakedrivingsafe;toensuredrivingsafety(安全目的)
2.措施与措施之间:
1.asfordrivers;
2.beforelawsarecarriedout/comeout/passed/introduced/putintoeffect
3.正文与结尾之间:
inconclusion;all
inall;tosumup;inaword
Step
Learntousechecklisttomake
commentonasummary典型错误分析
Cellphonesareadangerousdistractiontodriversandshouldbeforbidden.Therateoftheaccidentsincreasesbecausethedriverspaylittleattentionontheroadwhileusephones.Itleadstovariousaccidentsincluderunningoffaroadandcrashingintotrees,fences,andbuildings.Californiawilluselawtolimittheuseofphonesincarsbecauseitcausesmorethan1,000deathsperyear.Driversshouldtaketheresponsibletousephonessafelyandwisely.Afterall,weonlyhaveonelifeatall.
篇二:
周永鹏概要写作教学材料概要写作教学材料台州一中周永鹏
Cellphonesareusedeverywhere,butontheroadtheyareadangerousdistractiontodriversandshouldbe
forbidden.
TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinereportedthat“driversusingacellphonewerefourtimesmorelikelytohaveanaccidentthanthosenotusingaphone.”Themajorproblemisthatthedriverisnotfocusedontheroad,butonhisorherconversation.Cellphonedriversareveryunpredictable:
theydrivetoofastortooslow,makeimproperturns,runredlights,andevenstopatgreenones.'Itsnotonlyannoying;it'sdangerous.Accidentsrelatedtocellphonesincluderear-endingothervehicles,runningoffaroadandcrashingintotrees,fences,andbuildings,andeventurningover.
InOctoberattheCaliforniaTrafficSafetySummit,expertsshowedthat“cellphonesusedbydriversleadtoatleast1,000deathsperyearinCalifornia.arethesameproblemsthatoccurwithdrunkdriving,whichisagainstthelawandstrictlyenforced.Forthesamereasons,Californianeedslawthatrestricttheuseofcellphonesincars.
Untilwetakeactiontopassnewlaws,driversatleastneedtobemoreresponsiblewhenusingcellphones.TheAmericanAutomobileAssociationrecommendsthatdriverspullofftheroadbeforeusingacellphone,haveapassengeruseitforthem,orusevoicemailtoanswercalls.Anothersuggestionistokeepthephoneoffwhilemovingorsimplynottouseitinthecar.Beforeusingacellphone,driversshouldaskthemselves,“Isthiscallreallythatimportant?
”
Cellphonescanbeaveryimportantlinkinemergencies,butdriversneedtousethemwisely.AsprofessionalNASCARracerJohnAndrettisays,“Drivingsafelyisyourfirstresponsibility.The”bestroadtosafetyistojusthangupanddrive.
(裁剪线)
答题区域
words)
篇三:
高考英语概要写作指导及训练记叙文高考英语概要写作指导及训练一、写作指导摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。
它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。
写摘要主要包括三个步骤:
(1)阅读;
(2)写作;(3)修改成文。
第一步:
阅读
A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。
如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍。
阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻。
B.给摘要起一个标题。
用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。
也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。
主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。
一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。
C.现在,就该决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要了。
对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。
D.简要地记下主要观点一一主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的
东西。
第二步:
动手写作
A.摘要应尽量用自己的话完成。
不要直接引用原文的句子。
B.应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。
这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。
C.摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。
D.写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧:
1)删除细节。
只保留主要观点。
2)选择一至两个例子。
原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
3)把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。
如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。
4)避免重复。
在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明。
但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。
应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
5)压缩长的句子。
如下列两例:
“Hiscourageinbattlemightwithoutexaggerationbecalledlion-like.”
可以概括为:
”Hewasverybraveinbattle.”
“Hewashardupformoneyandwasbeingpressedbyhiscreditor.”
可以概括为:
“Hewasinfinancialdifficulties.”
6)你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。
请看下面的例子:
”BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,LushanMountain,andMountHuang,werevisitedbyonlyafewpeopleinthepast.Today,betterwages,holidayswithpay,newhotelsonthesemountains,andbettertrainandbusservices,havebroughtthemwithinreachofmanywhoneverthoughtofvisitingthemtenyearsago.”
可以概括为:
”BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,oncevisitedbyonlyafewpeople,aretodayaccessibletomany,
thankstobetterwages,paidholidays,newhotelsandbettertransportationservices.
7)使用概括性的名词代替具体的词,比如:
“ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweekandsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervocation.”
可以概括为:
”Shebroughthomealot
ofbookstoreadduringthevocation.
)使用最短的连接词。
比如,可以
使用but,then,thus,yet,though,不能使用atthesametime,
inthefirstplace,becauseofthese,ontheotherhand等较长的连接词。
通常,使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。
9)文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称,从而把大段的对白简化,比如:
KatelookedatPauldisapprovingly:
Youusemuchtoomuch
saltonyourfood,Paul—it'snotgoodforyou!
”Paulputdownhisknifeandfrowned:
”Whyonearthnot!
Ifyoud'idnthavesaltonyourfooditwouldtasteawful•…likeeatingcardboardorsand•…justimaginebreadwithoutsaltinit,orpotatoesorpastacookedwithoutsalt!
”Katewaspatient.Shedidn'twanttoquarrelwithPaul.Shewantedtopersuadehim.Shesaidfirmly:
”Buttoomuchsaltis
badforyou.Itcausehighbloodpressureandlatteron,heart-attacks.Italsodisguisesthetasteoffood,therealtasteswhicharemuchmoresubtlethansalt,andwhichwehavelostthesensitivitytoappreciateanymore.”
可以用第三人称概括为:
KatesuggestedtoPaulthatheshouldeatlesssalt.ShethoughtthateatingtoomuchsaltwoulddohardtoPaul'shealthandthatitcouldreducetherealtastesoffood.ButPauldisagreed.Hesaidthatfoodwithoutsaltwouldbetasteless.第三步:
修改成文草稿拟好以后,对它进行修改。
首先,与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了,摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。
其次,如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子,删除它们。
第三,检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。
最后,保持语言简单明了。
经过上述步骤和方法,一篇摘要就可以完成了。
二、记叙文概要写作
- 配套讲稿:
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- 特殊限制:
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