高中英语现在分词与过去分词.docx
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高中英语现在分词与过去分词.docx
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高中英语现在分词与过去分词
现在分词和过去分词作状语
现在分词Ving表示主动关系,正在进行的动作
过去分词Ved表示被动关系,已经完成的动作
逻辑概念
Hewentout,shuttingthedoorbehindhim.
Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.
Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
部分过去分词来源于系表结构,作状语时不表示“被动关系”,其前不用being。
这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:
lostin(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、bornin(出身于)、dressedin(穿着)、tiredof(厌烦了)等。
Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidn’thearthesound.
Borninthisbeautifultown,hehatestoleaveit.
时间概念
Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood.
Readingcarefully,hefoundsomethinghehadn’tknownbefore.Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenthome.
Havingbeendiscussedseveraltimes,thedecisionwasfinallymade.
现在分词(v-ing)做状语,表示动作与主句中的谓语动词的动作同时发生(表示伴随),或在主句中的谓语动词表示的动作之前或之后发生。
现在分词(v-ing)做状语时,和主句中的谓语动词共用一个主语
(1)Knowingthattheyweregoingtothefactorynextweek,thestudentsbeganto
makepreparations
(2)Hecameuptome,saying,“Gladtoseeyouagain”
(3)Lookingaround,IrealizedwithashockthatIwastheonlypassengerlefton
thebus.
(4)Lyinginherbed,shefeltsocomfortable
(5)Hedied,leavingalotofmoneytohiswife.
过去分词(非谓语动词)做状语时,和主句中的谓语动词动共用一个主语
简单句
(1)Thecitywasdestroyed(破坏)duringthewar.
(2)Ithasnowbeenrebuilt.
复合句Destroyedduringthewar,thecityhasnowbeenrebuilt.
同义句转化
Thecarwasdamaged(损坏)inanaccident.Ithasnowbeenrepaired.
Hewasbornnearlyahundredyearsago.Heremembersaworldwithoutaeroplanes.
Theboxerwasknockedoutinhisfirstmatch.Hehasneverbeenthesamesince.
Hewasbittentwicebyourdog.Hewasafraidtocometoourhouseagain.
Ifoundthefrontdoorlocked.Iwenttotheback.
Isawthefrontdooropen.Iwentin.
Myfatherneededsomeexercise.Hewalkedtosheshops.
Jennytidiedherdeskdrawers.Shefoundsomemoneyinanenvelope.
一、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1.Hecontinuedtowalkupanddown,_____(lost)inthought.
2.When____(turn)on,theradiostilldoesnotwork.
3.Once__(recover)hethrewhimselfintohisworkandmadeeveryefforttodoitwell.
4.____(see)hismother,thebabyburstintolaughter.
5.____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.
A.Compare
B.Whencomparing
C.Comparing
D.Whencompared
6.______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.
A.Beingseparated
B.Havingseparated
HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated
7.__a____inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.(05湖南卷)A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed
8.Allnightlonghelayawake,___b____howtodrivetheAmericaninvadersbackhome.A.tothinkB.thinkingC.thoughtD.beingthought9.__a____good,thefoodwassoldoutsoon.
A.Tasting
B.Tasted
C.Beingtasted
D.Havingbeentasted10.___a___thebigsnake,thelittlegirlstoodunderthetree_____outofherlife.
A.Seeing;frightened
B.Seeing;frightening
C.Seen;frightened
D.Tosee;frightening
一、
二、注意点
1、否定形式(前面加not)
Notgivenachance,hefeltdisappointed.
Notknowingwhattodo,heturnedtomeforhelp.
2、不及物动词、连系动词常用现在分词做定语、状语等;及物动词常用过去分词。
Therearemanyeventshappeningintheworldeveryday.
providehelpforthepeoplegoinghungry.
theremainingbooks
3、现在分词表动作的主动或正在发生;过去分词表动作的被动或已经完成。
thefalling/fallenleavestheboiling/boiledwatertherising/risensunthedeveloped/developingcountriesapollutedriverasleepingboy
4、分词不具有名词特征,不可做主语或宾语。
(定语、表语、状语、宾补/主补)Participatinginvarioussocialactivitiesisbeneficialtoourfuture.(动名词)Praisedinpublicmadehimshy.(错)
Beingpraisedinpublicmadehimshy.
三、做定语/表语
1、和定语从句的转换
Thestudentwhoissleepinghassufferedahighfever.
Thesleepingstudenthassufferedahighfever.
Thosewhohavedrunkthewaterwhichispollutedmaygetpoisoned.
Thosewhohavedrunkthepollutedwatermaygetpoisoned.
2、单个分词做定语常置于名词之前;分词短语常置于名词之后。
Doyouknowthemanseated/sittingnexttotheprofessor?
Themanlookingatthemaphasgotlost.
Thebuildingcompletedaheadoftimehascaughtmanypeople’sattention.
比较:
Thebuildingbeingbuilthascaughtmanypeople’sattention.
Thebuildingtobebuiltnextyeariswelldesigned.
3、现在分词和动名词做定语时的区别
areadingroom(动名词)aswimmingpool(动名词)acryingbaby(现在分词)awashingmachine(动名词)
4、使役动词的分词形式做定语或表语时,常遵循人V-ed,物V-ing的原则,但修饰反映人心理活动或某种情绪的词时,用V-ed形式.
encouragingwordsanembarrassingatmospherefeelembarrassedbeshocked
excitedtearsasurprised/determined/frightenedlook
Afterhearingmyencouragingwords,adeterminedlookappearedonhisface.
5、修饰令他人有某种情绪的词时,无论人还是物均用V-ing.
Thedisappointingstudenthasdisappointedhisparentsasecondtime.
6、有些分词已经形容词化了
ademandingjo
bapromisingteacheraninterestingbook
三、做状语(时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随或结果状语)
1、强调前后主语的一致。
Seenfromthehill,Ifindourschoolsmall.(错)
Seenfromthehill,ourschoollookssmall.
Seeingfromthehill,Ifindourschoolsmall.
2、原因、时间、条件、让步、方式状语常置于句首,不强调动作先后时遵循主动V-ing被动V-ed。
Givenmoretime,Icoulddobetter.
Beingtoofat,youshouldtakeregularexercisetoloseweight.
Determinedtocatchupwithothers,heworksdayandnight.
Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.
3、若有时间先后,可借助having
Havingfailedmanytimes,hemadeuphismindtogoabroadforfurthereducation.HavingbeenshownaroundTian’anmenSquare,thetouristsweretakentovisitthePalaceMuseum.
Nothavingmethimbefore,I’mverycurious.
4、伴随状语常置于句末
They’restillsittingonthesofa,absorbedinconversation.
Thestudentsareridingonthestreet,talkingandlaughing.
5、结果状语常置于句末,典型例子making,leaving,causing
Theyallleft,leavingmestandingtherealone.
Englishisspokenbymanypeopleinvariouscountries,makingitthemostpopularlanguageintheworld.
比较:
不定式做结果状语
Hewentabroad,nevertoreturn.
Theyliftedarock,onlytodropitontheirownfeet.
四、做宾补常用于以下结构
1、see/hear/watch/notice/find/feel+sb+分词
Isawabooklyingthere
Abookwasseenlyingthere.
Hefoundhishometowngreatlychangedaftermanyyears.
2、leave/keep+宾语+分词
Afloodhittheareatheotherday,leavingfewhousesstanding.
Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.
3、have/get+宾语+分词
Itistimethatyouhadyourwashingmachinerepaired.
Ican’tgetmycargoing.
IwilltrymybesttogetmyEnglishimproved.
4、catch/sendsbdoing→becaught/sentdoing
Thegirlwhowascaughtcheatinghasadmittedhermistake.
Asuddenrainsenttheplayersandtheaudiencerunninginalldirectionsforcover.
5、with+宾语+分词
Withthepopulationgrowingrapidly,weneedmorelivingmaterials.
Withgreentreessurrounded,itisreallyagoodplacetolivein.
Withthefellowleadingtheway,wehadnotroublefindingthetemple.
五、前后主语不一致时,可用独立主格结构
Weatherpermitting,wewillholdthesportsmeeting.
Moneycollected,wesetaboutcarryingouttheplan.
Thesunrisen,everythinglooksbeautiful.
Therebeing阿heavyrain,wehadtohaveabreak.
六、一些常用固定结构
judgingfrom/by…
considering…
comparedwith…
totellyouthetruth…
generallyspeaking…
speakingof…
including…/included
Judgingfromhislook,wethoughthewasbadlyhurt.
Consideringthepresenteconomicsituation,youshouldcutbackonyourexpenses.Speakingoffactories,peopleoftenthinkofairandwaterpollution.
Comparedwiththestudentsintheremotemountainousareas,youaresolucky.Manyastudenthasmadegreatprogress,includingsomenaughtyones.
七、拓展:
therebe结构和非谓语动词的连用。
1、Therebe…+doing/done/todo
Therearelargeareaspollutedbyindustrialwaste.
Thereusedtobemanybirdsflyinginthebluesky.
Whattroubleshimthesedaysisthattherearetoomanythingstodo.
2、动词+theretobe/therebeing…如expect/want/like/hate/mind/imagine等
Asseniormiddleschoolstudents,weexpecttheretobemorefreetimetorelaxourselves.
Doyoumindtherebeingtwomorestudentsinyourclass?
3、句型Itis+adj.+for+theretobe…
Itiscommonfortheretobeamisunderstandingbetweenteachersandstudents.
I.单项选择
1.____thehouseonfire,hedialed119.
A.Tosee
B.Seeing
C.Havingseen
D.Beingseen
2.Ifelldownandbrokethreeofmyteeth.IwonderhowmanytimesIhavetocomehereandgetmyfalseteeth____.
A.fix
B.fixing
C.fixed
D.tofix
3.We’re___tolistentoher____voice.It’s___tohearhersing.
A.pleased;pleasing;pleasure
B.pleased;pleasant;apleasure
C.pleasing;pleased;apleasure
D.pleasing;pleasant;pleasure
4.___apostoffice,Istopped____somestamps.
A.Passed,buying
B.Passing,tobuy
C.Havingpassed,buy
D.Pass,tobuy
5.____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesnotseemhighatall.
A.Comparing
B.Tocompare
C.Compared
D.Havingcompared
6.Herearesomenewcomputerprograms____forhomebuildings.
A.designing
B.design
C.designed
D.todesign
7.____alittlemoney,Jimmywasabletobuyhismotheralovelynewlamp.
A.Tosave
B.Saving
C.Saved
D.Havingsaved
8.Theteachercameintotheclassroom____byhisstudents.
A.following
B.tobefollowing
C.followed
D.havingfollowed
9.Withthemoney___,hecouldn’tbuyanyticket.
A.tolose
B.losing
C.lost
D.haslost
10.Therewassomuchnoiseintheroomthatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimself____.
A.beingheard
B.hearing
C.heard
D.hear
11.Theresultofthetestwasrather_____.
A.disappointed
B.disappointing
C.beingdisappointed
D.disappoint
12.I’veneverheardtheword____inspokenEnglish.
A.use
B.used
C.using
D.beinguse
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