初中阶段不定式总结及习题及答案推荐文档.docx
- 文档编号:8680610
- 上传时间:2023-02-01
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:14
- 大小:77.10KB
初中阶段不定式总结及习题及答案推荐文档.docx
《初中阶段不定式总结及习题及答案推荐文档.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《初中阶段不定式总结及习题及答案推荐文档.docx(14页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
初中阶段不定式总结及习题及答案推荐文档
unit1-3语法-不定式todo
1.不定式的基本形式与结构
动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形(如towrite)所构成的一种动词形式,但在有些情况下to可以省略。
所有的主动词,不论是及物动词还是不及物动词,都有不定式形式。
没有不定式形式。
动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
2.不定式的用法
1)不定式结构作主语
1.TegetcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwanmadehimextremelyhappysincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsag.o
2.Tofinishthattaskinsuchashorttimeisreallyachalleng.e在上述情况下,如果不定式较长,显得头重脚轻,则可由代词让作形式主语(形
式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替),而将不定式放到后面。
如:
1.ltmadehimextremelyhappytogetcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwansincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsag.o
2.Johnadmittedthatitisalwaysdifficultforhimtobeontime.不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的,即不定式的逻辑主语,通常可以通过forsb.todosth.结构表达:
如:
1.ltisquiteimportantforustoreadgoodbooksduringageneralreview.
2.ltisnotdifficultfotthosetalentedstudentstopasstheexam.
在某些形容词(如careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,naughty,nice,silly,stupid等)作表语时,不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语:
1.ltisverykindofyoutotellmethetruth.
2.ltisstupidofhimtodosuchasillything.
2)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种:
一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式,另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。
及物动词+带to的不定式结构:
只能跟动词不定式的动词,常见的有:
afford,agree,aim,appear,ask,believe,care,claim,decidedemand,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,pretend,promise,prepare,refuse,seek,swear,undertake,want,wish等。
1.Hemanagedtosolvethecomplicatedproblem.
2.Thestrangerofferedtoshowmetheway.
3.Mr.SmithundertooktobuildanewplantinSouthAfrica.
动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式:
这类动词常见的有advise,decide,findout,forget,inquire,know,learn,seeregard初中英语语法总结,remember,teach,tell,understand,wonder
等。
常见的疑问代(副)词有:
what,when,where,which,how,whether等。
1.Hedoesnotknowwhentostart.
2.Youcandecidewhethertocontinueortostop.
3.lwillshowyouhowtodealwithit.
有时,不定式可由it代替,而把不定式放到后面去。
这可以用这一结构表达:
动
词(如find,think,consider,feel等)+it+形容词+不定式。
I.Sheconsidersitnecessarytomakefriendswithhim.
2.Wefinditdifficulttofinishallthehomeworkbefore9o'clock.
3)不定式做表语
一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件);表语是不定式(表示结果):
1.Toseeistobelieve.
2.Toworkmeanstoearnaliving
另一种情况为主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等名词为中心的短语,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用:
;例如:
1.Hisaimistostudyabroadinthenearfuture
2.Themostimportantthingistonegotiatewiththemabouttheprice
3.WhatIwanttosayistoforgetalltheunhappyexperienee
4)不定式作定语
不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型:
第一种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。
例如:
1.Therewasreallynothingtofear
2.Hegavemeaninterestingbooktoread
如果不定式是不及物动词,后面就得加相应的介词。
例如:
1.Maryneedsafriendtoplaywith.
2.Thatgirlhasnothingtoworryabout.
3.Theyhaveastrictteachertolistento
4.AlthoughthefilmhadbeenonfortenminutesIstillwasnotabletofindachairtositon.
第二种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语;例如:
1.Haveyougotakeytouniockthedoor?
2.Theactiontobetakeniscorrect
3.Thereisnothingtobegainedbypretending
第三种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。
这类名词通常是表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意义的名词:
ability,attempt,effort,impulse,inclination,wish等。
例如:
I.Herdaughterwillmakeanevenbiggerefforttopleaseher
2.1havenowishtoquarrelwithyou.
3.NeitherofthemhadanyinclinationtodobusinesswithMary.
5)不定式作状语
不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句。
例如作原因状语:
1.Theyarequitesurprisedtoseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea
2.Theyarequitesurprisedbecausetheyseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea
3.Hewasluckytoarrivebeforedark
4.Hewasluckybecausehearrivedbeforedark
作目的状语:
I.Sheraisedhervoicetobehearedbetter
2.Sheraisedhervoicesothatshecouldheardbetter
3.WewentviaHeidelbergtomissthetrafficjam
4.WewentviaHeidelbergsothatwecouldmissthetrafficjam作结果状语:
1.TheFrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullyastodefeattheBrazilians
2.TheFrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullythattheyevendefeatedtheBrazilians.
3.Hegottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone
4.Hegottothestationandwastoldthatthetrainhadgone不带to的不定式的使用
动词不定式通常带to,但在有些搭配中不带to,在另一些搭配中可带to可不带to。
归纳起来,以下情况下使用不带to不定式:
1)在can/could,/may/might,will/would,shall/should,must,need,dare
等情态动词之后,动词不定式不带to。
2)在表示感觉意义的动词,如see初中英语语法总结,feel,watch,notice,smell,hear,observe等后,或是表示致使”意义的动词,如have,let,make等后,动词不定式不带to。
例如:
1.1oftenheardhimsaythathewouldstudyhard
2.1musthavehimseehisownmistakes
但是,当这类结构转换为被动语态时,后面的不带to不定式一般转换为带to不
例如:
1.Hewasoftenheardtosaythathewouldstudyhard
2.Afterhehadfinishedspeakinghewasmadetoanswerinnumerablequestions
3)在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式,也可用带to的不定式。
例如:
1.Helptheoldlady(to)carrytheheavybox.
4)在hadbette,wouldrather,may/mightaswell,ratherthan,cannotbut等搭
配之后初中英语语法总结,动词不定式也不带to。
例如:
1.Unlessyoufeeltoilltogoout,Iwouldrathernotstayathometonight
2.Shecouldnotbutcriticizehisfoolishbehaviour.
5)在makedo,makebelieve,letdrop,1etfall,1etfly,letslip,letdrive,letgooff,hearsayheartell,leavegoof等固定搭配中,用不带to的动词不定式。
例如:
1.Theyletgooftherope.他们松开了绳子。
2.Johnletflyatorrentofabuseatme约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。
3.I'veheardtellofhim.我听说过他。
4.Someofthefacultywereletgoforlackofthestudents由于生源不足,一些教职员工被解雇了。
6)在介词but初中英语语法总结初中英语语法总结,except之后,如果其前有动词do的某种形式,其后不定式一般不带to,反之则必须带to,表示不得不,只能”例如:
1.Hewilldoanythingexceptworkonthefarm.
2.Therewasnothingleftfortheenemytodobutsurrender
3.Thespywasbothhungryandcoldtherewasnothingleftforhimbuttogivein.
4.Ihadnochoicebuttowaittillitstoppedraining.
下面一些短语是固定搭配,不带to:
cannothelpbut,cannotchoosebu,tcannotbut,donothingbut,havenothingtodobut。
例如:
Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.如果上述句中有do,to省略:
IdidnothingbutwatchTVlastnight.如果是下面一个固定搭配,就带to:
Ihavenochoicebuttogiveupmyidea.
7)紧跟在why或whynot之后的动词不定式总是不带to。
但是,紧跟在who,what,which,whether等连接词后的不定式带to。
例如:
Whystandupifyoucansitdown?
Whynotaskyourteacherwhenyoudon'tunderstandthemeaning?
Youneedn'tdecideyetwhethertostudyartsorscienc.e
4.不定式的否定形式
否定形式是在不定式的标志to前加not。
例如:
1.Idecidednottoaskhimagain.
2.Pleaseremembernottoleavethelightsonwhenyouareo.ut
动词不定式练习
一.根据上句意思完成下句,使两句意思相近或相同,每空一词。
1.Hewassoangrythathecouldn'tsayanything.
Hewastooangryanything.
2.Idon'tknowwhenwewillhavethemeeting.
Idon'tknowwhenthemeeting.
3.Hesaidhewouldwritealetter.
Hesaidhewouldhavealetter.
4.ThatyoureadEnglishinthemorningisveryimportant.
ItisveryimportantyouEnglishinthemorning.
5.Hewassostrongthathecouldliftthestone.(石头)
Hewasstrongthestone.
6.HisfatherwenttoBeijingforhisholiday.
HisfatherwenttoBeijinghisholiday.
7.Theygotupearlysothattheycouldgetthereintime.
Theygotupearlythereintime.
8.Hisbrotherdecidedthathewouldbuythebook.
Hisbrotherdecidedthebook.
9.HehopesthathecanvisittheGreatWall.
HehopestheGreatWall.
10.Isawhimgointotheroom.
Hewasseenintotheroom.
11.Wemadehimworkfivehoursaday.
Hewasmadefivehoursaday.
12.Doyouwanttosayanythingforyourself?
Doyouhaveanythingforyourself?
13.Wedon'tknowwhatweshalldonext.Wedon'tknowwhatnext.
14.Im'verysorryonhearingthebadnews.
I'mverysorrythebadnews.
15.Hestoppedandhadalookatme.Hestoppedalookatme.
16.IhelpedhimwithhisEnglish.
IhelpedhimEnglish.
17.Myfatherpromised(许诺)thathewouldbuymeabike.Myfatherpromisedmeabike.
18.TheboxissoheavythatIcan'tcarryit.
Theboxistooheavyme.
19.“Liedown!
”theboysaidtohisdog.Theboyorderedhisdogdown.
20.“Don'tmakeanynoise,”shesaidtome.
Shetoldmeanynoise.
二.单选:
1.Thiscompanywasthefirstportableradiosaswellascassettetaperecorders
intheworld.
A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproducedD.produced
2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,itmoredifficult.
A.notmakingB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.nortomake
3.Helenhadtoshoutabovethesoundofthemusic.
A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard
4.Idon'tknowwhetheryouhappen,butIamgoingtostudyintheU.S.A
thisSeptember.
A.tobeheard.B.tobebearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard
5.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlythefilmstarshadleft.
A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told
6.Youweresillynotyourcar.
A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglocked
7.Theteacheraskedussomuchnoise.
A.don'tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake
8.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenorderedclear
warningsbeforefiringanyshots.
A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissued
9.I'dratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmallitis,thanaroomwith
someoneelse.
A.toshareB.tohavesharedC.shareD.sharing
10.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaperinbroaddaylight
yesterday.
A.robbedB.tohavebeenrobbedC.beingrobbedD.having
beenrobbed
11.Anumberofpaintingsinthecastlearebelievedinafire.
A.beingdestroyedB.havingbeendestroyed
C.tobedestroyedD.tohavebeendestroyed
12.Themeetingnextweekissuretobeagreatsuccess.
A.totakeplaceB.tobetakenplace
C.tohavetakenplaceD.beingtakenplace
13.Asaresultofmylaziness,Ifailedmyworkintime.
A.andfinishedB.tofinishC.andfinishingD.tofinished
14.Iamsorrywrittenyoualetteratthetime.
A.tohavenotB.tonothaveC.nottohaveD.nothaving
15.Willyoulendhimamagazine?
A.tobereadB.forreading
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 初中 阶段 不定式 总结 习题 答案 推荐 文档