英语 高考英语阅读理解专项训练100附答案及解析.docx
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英语 高考英语阅读理解专项训练100附答案及解析.docx
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英语高考英语阅读理解专项训练100附答案及解析
【英语】高考英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
WhatdoLeonardodaVincii,MarieCurie,andAlbertEinsteinhaveincommon?
Theywereallleft-handed,alongwithotherfamouspeopleincludingBradPittPrinceWilliam,andBarackObama.Infact,anestimated13percentoftheworld'spopulationmaybeleft-handedandstillmostpeoplearoundtheworldareright-handed.
Whatmakesapersonbecomeright-handedratherthanleft-handed?
Asyetnoonereallyknowsforsure.Onesimpleideasuggeststhatpeoplenormallygetright-handednessfromtheirparents.Studieshavefoundthattworight-handedparentshaveonlya9.5percentchanceofhavingaleft-handedchild,whereastwoleft-handedparentshavea26percentchanceofhavingaleft-handedchild.Anothercommontheoryisthatleft-handedpeoplesuffermildbraindamageduringbirth,whichmakesthemleft-handed.However,ifthistheoryweretrue,itwouldnotexplainwhythepercentageofleft-bandedpeopleissosimilarineverysociety,whenbirthconditionsvarysomuchfromsocietytosociety.
Whateverthereasonsbehindit,people'sattitudestowardleft-handednesshavechangedalotovertheyears.Statisticsshowthatalthough13percentofyoungpeople(10-20yearsold)areleft-handed,only6percentoftheelderlyareleft-handed.Left-handedchildrenusedtobepunisheduntiltheybeganusingtheirrighthandlikeotherchildren,buttodaypeoplewhoareleft-handedarenolongerlookeddownonnoraretheyconsideredabnormal.Formostpeopletoday,eithercaseisperfectlyacceptable.
(1)Whatmakesoneright-handed?
A. Theenvironment.
B. Mildbraindamageduringbirth.
C. Thereasonisuncertain. D. Otherpeople.
(2)Whyisthenumberofyoungpeoplewhoareleft-handedbiggerthanthatoftheelderly?
A. Becausetheelderlyareforcedtobecomeright-handed.
B. Becauseleft-handedpeopleareconsideredabnormal.
C. Becauseleft-handednesscanbecured.
D. Becausetheyoungareeasilydamaged.
(3)Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?
A. Left-handedpeoplearelookeddownupon.
B. Generalfactsaboutleft-handedpeople.
C. Somefamousleft-handedpeople.
D. Thereasonswhypeopleareleft-handed.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)B
(3)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,关于左撇子现象作者进行了介绍和说明。
(1)考查细节理解。
第二段中讲了很多右手的使用比左手平常的可能性原因,根据”Asyetnoonereallyknowsforsure.”可知,虽然对于右手的使用比左手更为普遍这一现象有不同猜测,但是原因不明。
故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段“Statisticsshowthatalthough13percentofyoungpeople(10-20yearsold)areleft-handed,only6percentoftheelderlyareleft-handed.Left-handedchildrenusedtobepunisheduntiltheybeganusingtheirrighthandlikeotherchildren,buttodaypeoplewhoareleft-handedarenolongerlookeddownonnoraretheyconsideredabnormal.”可知,以前的左撇子孩子都会受到鄙视或者被认为是不正常的,所以,那一代的孩子会被惩罚直到他们改变这样的习惯,但是,现在人们的态度已经转变了。
故选B。
(3)考查主旨大意。
本文以客观、中立的态度描写了关于“左撇子”的一些事实,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查,是一篇社会现象类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行推理,归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Throughouthistory,artist,inventors,writersandscientistshavesolvedproblemsintheirdreams.Now,let'shavealooktogetheratsomeofthem.
⒈PaulMcCartneyFoundYesterdayinadream
PaulMcCartneyisoneofthemostfamoussingers/songwritersofalltime.AccordingtotheGuinnessBookofRecords,hisBeatlessongYesterday(1965)hasthemostcover(翻唱)versionsofanysongeverwrittenand,accordingtorecordlabelBMI,wasperformedoversevenmilliontimesinthe20thcentury.
ThetuneforYesterdaycametoPaulMcCartneyinadream.
“Iwokeupwithalovelytuneinmyhead.Ithought,'That'sgreat,Iwonderwhatthatis?
'Therewasanuprightpianonexttome,totherightofmybedbythewindow.Igotoutofbed,satatthepiano,foundG,foundFsharpminor----andthatleadsyouthroughthentoBtoEminor,andfinallybacktoE.Itallleadsforwardlogically.Ilikedthemelodyalot,butbecauseI'ddreamedit,Icouldn'tbelieveI'dwrittenit.Ithought,'No,I'veneverwrittenanythinglikethisbefore.'ButIhadthetune,whichwasthemostmagicthing!
”
⒉MaryShelley'sFrankenteinInspiredbyaDream
Inthesummerof1816,nineteen-year-oldMaryWollstonecraftGodwinandherlover,thepoetPercyShelley(whomshemarriedlaterthatyear),visitedthepoetLordByronathisvillabesideLakeGenevainSwitzerland.Stormyweatherfrequentlyforcedthemindoors,wheretheyandByron'sotherguestssometimesreadfromavolumeofghoststories.Oneevening,Byronchallengedhisgueststoeachwriteonethemselves.
Mary'sstory,inspiredbyadream,becameFrankentein(科学怪人).
“WhenIplacedmyheaduponmypillow,Ididnotsleep,norcouldIbesaidtothink----Myeyesshut,Isaw------withmyacutementalvision----thepalestudentofunholyartskneelingbesidethethinghehadputtogether.Isawtheuglyfigureofamanstretchout,andthen,ontheworkingofsomepowerfulengine,showsignsoflife,andtremblewithanuneasymotion,extremelyfrightful.ThenextmorningIannouncedthatIhadthoughtofastory.Ibeganthatdaywiththewords,'ItwasonadullnightofNovember',makingonlyatranscript(文字稿)ofthecruelterrorofmywakingdream.”
(1)Wecanlearnfromthewholepassagethat_________.
A. Somegreatstories,poemsandsongswerecreatedwhiletheirwritersslept
B. PaulMcCartneylikeswritingsongsindreams
C. FrankenteinwaswrittenbyByron'sguests
D. ByronwasanuglyfrightfulFrankentein
(2)Theunderlinedword“melody”hasthesimilarmeaningof_______.
A. dream
B. song
C. tune
D. instrument
(3)Whichisthebesttitleofthewholepassage?
A. TheGreatestwriters
B. Themostfamoussongandstory
C. Greatdreamsthatcometrue
D. Howtodream
【答案】
(1)A
(2)C
(3)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,纵观历史,很多艺术家、发明家、作家和科学家都曾经在梦中解决问题。
本文举例讲述了两个梦境成真的故事。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Throughouthistory,artist,inventors,writersandscientistshavesolvedproblemsintheirdreams.Now,let'shavealooktogetheratsomeofthem.”可知,很多艺术家、发明家、作家和科学家都曾经在梦中解决问题。
因此可知,一些伟大的故事,诗歌和歌曲是在作家睡觉的时候创作的。
故选A。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据 ⒈PaulMcCartneyFoundYesterdayinadream部分中的“Iwokeupwithalovelytuneinmyhead.”可知,“我”醒来脑海中还有那可爱的旋律,结合下文的叙述,我身边正好有钢琴,我下了床,坐在钢琴边,谱出了曲子合乎逻辑,因此可知,此处表示我非常喜欢这个曲调。
melody指的是曲调。
故选C。
(3)考查主旨大意。
根据开篇所说,结合下面的举例可推知,文章主要是在讲梦想照进现实,梦在现实中成真了。
因此推断C项“好梦成真”为最佳标题。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Microplasticsareeverywhereinourenvironment.It'shardlysurprisingthatthetinyfragmentshavealsobeenfoundinhumans.AnewstudyshowsthatAmericansareconsumingasmanyas121,000particleseachyear.
Measuring50to500micronsinlength,microplasticscomefromavarietyofsources,includinglargeplasticsthatbreakdownintosmallerandsmallerpieces.Therefore,muchremainsunknownaboutthecommonexistenceofthesematerialswithinthehumanbody,aswellastheirimpactonhumanhealth.
Hopingtofillinsomeofthesegaps,aresearchteamledbyKieranCox,aPhDcandidateattheUniversityofVictoria,lookedat26papersassessingtheamountofmicroplasticsincommonlyconsumedfooditems,amongwhichareseafood,sugars,salts,honey,alcoholandwater.Theteamalsoevaluatedthepotentialconsumptionofmicroplasticsthroughinhalation(吸入)usingpreviouslyreporteddataonmicroplasticconcentrationsintheairandtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency'sreportedrespirationrates.Basedonthesedata,theresearcherscalculatedthatourannualconsumptionofmicroplasticsviafoodanddrinkrangesfrom39,000to52,000particles.Whenmicroplasticstakeninthroughinhalationaretakenintoaccount,therangejumpstobetween74,000and121,000particlesperyear.
Theauthorsofthestudyfoundthatpeoplewhodrinkexclusivelyfromplasticwaterbottlesabsorbanadditional90,000microplasticseachyear,comparedto4,000amongthosewhoonlyconsumetapwater."Thisshowsthatsmalldecisions,overthecourseofayear,reallymatterandhaveanimpact."Coxsays.Thenewstudy,accordingtoitsauthors,wasthefirsttoinvestigate"theaccumulativehumanexposure"tomicroplastics.Butinalllikelihood,theresearchtellsonlyasmallpartoftheentirestory.Collectively,thefoodanddrinkthattheresearchersanalyzedrepresent15percentofAmericans'caloricintake.Theteamcouldnotaccountforfoodgroupslikefruits,vegetablesandgrainsbecausetheresimplyisnotenoughdataontheirmicroplasticcontent.
Forthoseworriedaboutmicroplasticconsumption,cuttingdownbottledwaterisagoodplacetostart.Buttotheheartoftheproblem,wehavetostopproducingandusingsomuchplastic.
(1)Whatmakesitdifficulttoknowmicroplasticscommonlyexistinthehumanbody?
A.Thequality.
B.Thequantity.
C.Theshape.
D.Thesize.
(2)HowdidKieranCox'steamcalculatethepotentialconsumptionofmicroplastics?
A.Bystudyingpapers.
B.Bycomparingtheimpacts.
C.Byanalyzingthedata.
D.Byconductingexperiments.
(3)Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?
A.Drinkinglessplasticbottledwaterhelpstotakeinfewermicroplastics.
B.Thestudyisamongtheearliesttoinvestigatehumanexposuretomicroplastics.
C.Cox'steamgainedcomprehensiveinformationofmicroplasticstakeninbyhumans.
D.Peopleconsume74,000to121,000particlesofmicroplasticsperyearfromfoodanddrink.
(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.ThePotentialProblemsofMicroplastics
B.MicroplasticsComingFromVariousSources
C.MicroplasticsFoundWithin
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