Leonardo da Vinci.docx
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Leonardo da Vinci.docx
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LeonardodaVinci
Leonardoda
Vinci
LeonardodaVinciwasanamazingguy.Butlet'sgetonethingstraight:
hedidn'thaveafuckingcode.
That'snoslamondaVinci,ofcourse.Hepaintedsomeofthemostmemorableimagesinhistory,including"TheLastSupper"andthe"MonaLisa."Andhissciencewasasimpressiveashisart.Anengineerandarchitect,daVinciinventedthehelicopter400yearsbeforetherewassuchathingasacombustionengine.
Manyofhisinventionsarestillusedtodayinoneformoranother,suchasthehygrometer,thetransmissiondrive,theball-bearingaxleandthemachinegun.
ButtherewasnodaVincicode.Sorry.Getoverit.
Leonardowasbornin1452,nearTuscanyinItaly,thebastardsonofalocalnobleman.Hewasreportedlyanartisticprodigy,whowasallowedtoporethroughhisfather'slibrary(althoughhewasneverrecognizedasalegitimateoffspring).Asachild,hewasfascinatedbyart,anatomyandnature.
Atthetenderageof14,daVincitraveledtothebigcity,Florence,wherehebecameanapprenticetoaverysuccessfulartistofthedaynamedAndreadelVerrocchio,whoisbestrememberedforsuchclassicworksas...well,OK,he'sbestrememberedforhavingLeonardoasanapprentice.Thejudgmentsofhistoryarecoldandheartless.
delVerrocchiohadanumberoftalentedstudentswho"assisted"himinpaintinghismostsuccessfulworks,inthecustomoftheday.LeonardospenthisdaysandnightshangingoutwithVerricchio,hisfellowapprenticesandotherluminariesoftheFlorenceartscene.
Now,youmaybethinkingthat"teenageboyinthebigcityliveswithgrown-upartists"soundsabitfishy,butitwasaperfectlyacceptablesituationwithinthehistoricalcontext.
Theperfectlyacceptablesocialcontextdidn'tstopdaVincifromturningoutcompletelyqueer,ofcourse.FlorencewasverymuchtheSanFranciscoofitsday;atthetime,theGermanwordforhomosexualliterallytranslatedas"Florentine."Atage24,daVinciwasformallychargedwithsodomy,althoughnothingevercameofit.Thecharge,thatis.
In1477,Verrochiomadeapaintingtitled"TheBaptismofChrist,"aprojectwhichLeonardoassistedbypaintinganangelonthefarleftofthepicture.Althoughit'snotimmediatelyapparenttotheuntrainedeye(oreventothetrainedeye),theangelillustrationwassodazzlinglygreatthatitmadetherestofthepaintinglooklikeapieceoftotalcrap.
Accordingtolegend,Verrocchiosworehewouldneverpaintagain,sohumiliatedwashebyhisstudent'ssuperiortalent.Apparentlyunawareofthelegend,Verrocchioappearstohavecontinuedpaintingafter1477(or,moreaccurately,hecontinuedtosignhisnameonthepaintingsmadebyhisstudents),buthedidrefocushisworkonsculptureastheyearswenton.
Ontheheelsofthisfabulous(ifslightlyapocryphal)triumph,daVincisetouttomakehisownwayintheworld.Hisfirstmajorcommissionwasapaintingforanearbymonastery."TheAdorationoftheMagi"wasasepia-tonedpanelthatwasneverquitefinishedbutisstillconsideredgreat.Withmomentumonhissideandthepublichumiliationoftheaforementionedsodomychargenippingathisheels,daVincidecideditwastimetomoveonuptoMilan,wherethelocaldukeofferedhimapatronage.
Duringhis17yearsinMilan,daVincimadenumeroussketchesandafewreallyamazingpaintings,includinghismostfamouswork,"TheLastSupper.""TheLastSupper"isoneofthosethings.Orrather,it'soneofthosethings,thosestrangeartifactsofculture(likeShakespeare'sHamlet)thatswellbeyondtheirphysicalboundstobecomeaswirlingobjectofobsessivedeconstructionthroughtheages.
Onthefaceofit,"TheLastSupper"isjustoneofabouteleventy-zillionpaintingdepictingJesusChristandhisApostlesenjoyingtheirlastbigshindigbeforethecenturionsarrivefortheopeningactoftheCrucifixion.Admittedly,it'saprettygoodversionofthetableaux,andit'sanunusuallybigoneat29feetwide,paintedonthewallofaMilaneseconvent.Leonardopainted"TheLastSupper"overthecourseofthreeyears,workingatthebehestofhispatron,theDukeofMilan.
Artistically,"TheLastSupper"isexceptional--andforseveralhundredyears,thatwasallanyonehadtosayabout,exceptfor"It'snotholdingupverywell,isit?
"Thepaintingwasmadeusinganexperimentalnewtechnique,whichwasunfortunatelynotverydurable.Numerousrestorationshavebeenattemptedoverthecenturies,withvaryingdegreesofsuccess.
AfterLeo'sdeath,"TheLastSupper"becametheobjectofabizarre20thcenturyfetishcultthatbelievestherearesecretmessageshiddenineverysquareinchofwall.Atfirsttheprovinceofobscurescholarsandauthors,thesetheoriesslowlyballoonedintothepubliceye,culminatinginthepublicationofTheDaVinciCode,a2003best-sellerthatliftedelementsfromadozenancientconspiracytheories,includingtalesoftheKnightsTemplar,theCathars,andtheHolyGrail.
Thetheorypropoundedbythebook--thatJesusdidn'tdieonthecross,butinfactsurvivedtofatheralineofFrenchkings--isnotterriblyoutrageous,butit'salsonotproven.Themajorplotpointofthe"code"isbasedonanalysisofthepainting'stiniestdetails,whichhappentoloomratherlargewhenyouviewthepictureatitsoriginal27-footwidth.
TheconnectionbetweendaVinciandtheJesusbloodlinewasfirstoutlinedinthebookHolyBlood,HolyGrail,whoseauthorshavesuedthepublisherofThedaVinciCodeforplagiarism.Accordingtotheauthors,LeonardowastheGrandMasterofasecretsocietyprotectingthesecretofJesus'escapefromthecross.ApopularvariationonthetheoryproposesthatLeonardomayhavebeenresponsibleforforgingtheShroudofTurin,althoughthehistoricalevidenceforthatclaimisassketchyasanyotherpartofthismassoftheories.
WhiletheJesusbloodlinetheoryisactuallyprettyinteresting,andnotcompletelyoutsidetherealmofpossibility,thedaVincipartofthepremiseistheweakestfromaneducatedperspective.VirtuallynoonewithashredofcredibilitybelievesTheLastSupperisLeonardo'scodedmessagefrombeyondthegraveaboutthepaternityofChrist.(Thenagain,duringLeonardo'slife,virtuallynoonewithashredofcredibility
believedtheearthwasround,either.)
Anyway,afterseveralsuccessfulyearsinMilan,daVincireturnedintriumphtoFlorence,wherehewashailedasaconqueringartistichero.LeotradeduptheDukeofMilanforanewpatron,CesarBorgia,thesonofPopeAlexanderVI.
WhiledaVincicontinuedtoworkhisartisticmagic,Borgiawasn'tinterestedinprettypicturessomuchashewasinwarandstrategy.daVinci,whohadalwaysbeenadabblerinscienceandengineering,wasteamedwithNiccolMachiavelli,wholivedinFlorenceatthetime,toexecuteanelaborateplanforbuildingastrategiccanalsystem.Theplanwasabust,butMacchiavellianddaVinciremainedfriends.
AhighlightofdaVinci'ssecondstintinFlorencewasamuch-anticipated"paintbattle"inwhichdaVinciandMichelangeloweretocreatemuralsonfacingwallsinacityplaza.Thebattleroyaleendedinano-contest.Bothartistswerenotoriousfornotfinishingtheirworks,andtheyliveduptotheirrespectivereputations.
Duringthisperiod,daVincifinishedhisotherenduringmasterpiece,"LaGioconda"--"thejoyfulone",orasitisknowninEnglish,the"MonaLisa".Thesedays,it'stakenasanestablishedfactthattheMonaLisa'sexpressionholdssomesortofsecret,thatshewearsanenigmaticsmile.Thisinterpretationofthepainting,however,isfairlyrecent,firstbeingmadebyarthistorianWalterPaterin1873.InhisbookThe
Rennaisance,Paterwrotethefollowingpurplepassageonthepainting:
"LaGioconda"is,inthetruestsense,Leonardo'smasterpiece.[...]Weallknowthefaceandhandsofthefigure,setinitsmarblechair,inthatcircleoffantasticrocks,asinsomefaintlightundersea.[...]Thepresencethatrosethussostrangelybesidethewaters,isexpressiveofwhatinthewaysofathousandyearsmenhadcometodesire.Hersistheheaduponwhichall"theendsoftheworldarecome,"andtheeyelidsarealittleweary.Itisabeautywroughtoutfromwithinupontheflesh,thedeposit,littlecellbycell,ofstrangethoughtsandfantasticreveriesandexquisitepassions.SetitforamomentbesideoneofthosewhiteGreekgoddessesorbeautifulwomenofantiquity,andhowwouldtheybetroubledbythisbeauty,intowhichthesoulwithallitsmaladieshaspassed!
Allthethoughtsandexperienceoftheworldhaveetchedandmouldedthere,inthatwhichtheyhaveofpowertorefineandmakeexpressivetheoutwardform,theanimalismofGreece,thelustofRome,themysticismofthemiddleagewithitsspiritualambitionandimaginativeloves,thereturnofthePaganworld,thesinsoftheBorgias.Sheisolderthantherocksamongwhichshesits;likethevampire,shehasbeendeadmanytimes,andlearnedthesecretsofthegrave;andhasbeenadiverindeepseas,andkeepstheirfallendayabouther;andtraffickedforstrangewebswithEasternmerchants;and,asLeda,wasthemotherofHelenofTroy,and,asSaintAnne,themotherofMary;andallthishasbeentoherbutasthesoundoflyresandflutes,andlivesonlyinthedelicacywithwhichithasmouldedthechanginglineaments,andtingedtheeyelidsandthehands.
Asthe15thcenturygavewaytothe16th,daVincifoundhimselfincreasinglyinterestedinscience,tothedetrimentofhispaintingcareer.Whilehestillsketchedandtookcommissions,Leobegantofocusonsuchdisciplinesasmathematics,architecture,engineering,geology,botany,hydraulicsandanato
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