FedoraRedhat在线更新软件包yum篇.docx
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FedoraRedhat在线更新软件包yum篇.docx
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FedoraRedhat在线更新软件包yum篇
在本文中,我们主要解介绍Fedoracore4.0通过软件包管理工具yum来在线安装更新软件;关于apt工具应用,我们会在另外一篇中介绍;
一、yum的使用;
有些初学Linux的弟兄可能问,为什么不用系统自带的图形化工具up2date来升级,却要用yum呢。
其实大家用一用就知道了,up2date真是奇慢无比,而且经常失去响应;造成机器假死的情况。
所以我们还是试一试yum;另外可能比官方站更快的更新升级源,也没有理由不用yum;
1、首先我们要到下面的地址下载与自己系统相对应的版本的yum;
比如我用的是Fedoracore4.0就下载如下的包安装;
[root@localhostbeinan]#rpm-ivhfreshrpms-release-1.1-1.fc.noarch.rpm
warning:
freshrpms-release-1.1-1.fc.noarch.rpm:
HeaderV3DSAsignature:
NOKEY,keyIDe42d547b
Preparing...###########################################[100%]
1:
freshrpms-release###########################################[100%]
2、安装软件举例;
比如我要安装能听mp3的bmp-mp3,只要输入下面的命令行即可,系统就自己工作了;
[root@localhostbeinan]#yuminstallbmp-mp3
内容全景如下:
[root@localhostbeinan]#yuminstallbmp-mp3
SettingupInstallProcess
Settinguprepositories
updates-released100%|=========================|951B00:
00
extras100%|=========================|1.1kB00:
00
base100%|=========================|1.1kB00:
00
freshrpms100%|=========================|951B00:
00
Readingrepositorymetadatainfromlocalfiles
primary.xml.gz100%|=========================|42kB00:
03
freshrpms:
##################################################122/122
Added122newpackages,deleted0oldin0.72seconds
Parsingpackageinstallarguments
ResolvingDependencies
-->Populatingtransactionsetwithselectedpackages.Pleasewait.
--->Downloadingheaderforbmp-mp3topackintotransactionset.
bmp-mp3-0.9.7-1.2.fc4.i38100%|=========================|2.9kB00:
00
--->Packagebmp-mp3.i3860:
0.9.7-1.2.fc4settobeupdated
-->Runningtransactioncheck
-->ProcessingDependency:
libid3-3.8.so.3forpackage:
bmp-mp3
-->ProcessingDependency:
libbeep.so.2forpackage:
bmp-mp3
-->ProcessingDependency:
bmp>=0.9.7forpackage:
bmp-mp3
-->RestartingDependencyResolutionwithnewchanges.
-->Populatingtransactionsetwithselectedpackages.Pleasewait.
--->Downloadingheaderforid3libtopackintotransactionset.
id3lib-3.8.3-11.fc4.i386.100%|=========================|38kB00:
05
--->Packageid3lib.i3860:
3.8.3-11.fc4settobeupdated
--->Downloadingheaderforbmptopackintotransactionset.
bmp-0.9.7-10.fc4.i386.rpm100%|=========================|14kB00:
03
--->Packagebmp.i3860:
0.9.7-10.fc4settobeupdated
-->Runningtransactioncheck
DependenciesResolved
=============================================================================
PackageArchVersionRepositorySize
=============================================================================
Installing:
bmp-mp3i3860.9.7-1.2.fc4freshrpms95k
Installingfordependencies:
bmpi3860.9.7-10.fc4extras912k
id3libi3863.8.3-11.fc4extras752k
TransactionSummary
=============================================================================
Install3Package(s)
Update0Package(s)
Remove0Package(s)
Totaldownloadsize:
1.7M
Isthisok[y/N]:
y
DownloadingPackages:
(1/3):
id3lib-3.8.3-11.fc100%|=========================|752kB01:
04
(2/3):
bmp-0.9.7-10.fc4.i100%|=========================|912kB02:
14
(3/3):
bmp-mp3-0.9.7-1.2.100%|=========================|95kB00:
05
RunningTransactionTest
FinishedTransactionTest
TransactionTestSucceeded
RunningTransaction
Installing:
bmp#########################[1/3]
Installing:
id3lib#########################[2/3]
Installing:
bmp-mp3#########################[3/3]
Installed:
bmp-mp3.i3860:
0.9.7-1.2.fc4
DependencyInstalled:
bmp.i3860:
0.9.7-10.fc4id3lib.i3860:
3.8.3-11.fc4
Complete!
注:
yum优点:
软件包依赖关系自行解决,比如上面的,我们可以看到本来我们只安装的是bmp-mp3,结果yum安装也安装了id3lib;bmp
二、yum的一点小用法;
1、查询软件包;
面对成千上万的软件,我们可能无从下手,有时也不知道它的文件名;这时就要用到查询;我们可以用yumlist来列出yum升级源上的包有文件;然后我们再来查看info
有以下几个组合可以用;比如;
[root@localhostbeinan]#yumlist|more
加上一个管道|,然后more一下,就能把所有的包分页显示出来。
然后按一下空格键就能看下一页了。
在显示的软件列表中,会有软件名称、版本、是否安装等;仔细的看一下吧。
熟悉了就好了。
也没有什么难的。
[root@localhostbeinan]#yumlist|more
Settinguprepositories
Readingrepositorymetadatainfromlocalfiles
InstalledPackages
4Suite.i3861.0-8.b1installed
Canna.i3863.7p3-13installed
Canna-devel.i3863.7p3-13installed
如果想知道软件的详细信息,可能得用上info参数了。
比如:
用法:
[root@localhostbeinan]#yuminfo软件名
比如:
[root@localhostbeinan]#yuminfobmp-mp3
Settinguprepositories
updates-released100%|=========================|951B00:
00
extras100%|=========================|1.1kB00:
00
base100%|=========================|1.1kB00:
00
freshrpms100%|=========================|951B00:
00
Readingrepositorymetadatainfromlocalfiles
InstalledPackages
Name:
bmp-mp3
Arch:
i386
Version:
0.9.7
Release:
1.2.fc4
Size:
234k
Repo:
freshrpms
Summary:
MP3playbackpluginfortheBeepMediaPlayer
Description:
ThispackagecontainsanMP3playbackpluginforBMP(BeepMediaPlayer),
amediaplayerthatusesaskinneduserinterfacebasedonWinamp2.xskins,
andisbasedon("forkedoff")XMMS.
在上面的例子中,如果Repo:
freshrpms是这样的,表示您的系统没有安装这个软件,如果显示的是:
Repo:
installed,表示已经安装了。
查询软件包,也可以再加参数grep,比如我们想查询升级源上是否有内核的新版本,则我们可以用下面的命令查询;当然您也可以用[root@localhostbeinan]#yumsearchkernel|more,也就是yum--help提供的参数,也是一样的;
[root@localhostbeinan]#yumlist|grepkernel
我们看一下机器工作的结果,如下:
[root@localhostbeinan]#yumlist|grepkernel
GFS-kernel.i6862.6.11.8-20050601.1526installed
cman-kernel.i6862.6.11.5-20050601.1526installed
dlm-kernel.i6862.6.11.5-20050601.1526installed
gnbd-kernel.i6862.6.11.2-20050420.1331installed
kernel.i6862.6.11-1.1369_FC4installed
kernel-devel.i6862.6.11-1.1369_FC4installed
kernel-doc.noarch2.6.11-1.1369_FC4installed
GFS-kernel.i5862.6.11.8-20050601.1526base
GFS-kernel-debuginfo.i6862.6.11.8-20050601.1526updates-released
GFS-kernel-debuginfo.i5862.6.11.8-20050601.1526updates-released
GFS-kernel-smp.i6862.6.11.8-20050601.1526base
GFS-kernel-xen0.i6862.6.11.8-20050601.1526base
GFS-kernel-xenU.i6862.6.11.8-20050601.1526base
cman-kernel.i5862.6.11.5-20050601.1526updates-released
cman-kernel.i6862.6.11.5-20050601.1526updates-released
cman-kernel-debuginfo.i5862.6.11.5-20050601.1526updates-released
cman-kernel-debuginfo.i6862.6.11.5-20050601.1526updates-released
cman-kernel-smp.i6862.6.11.5-20050601.1526updates-released
cman-kernel-xen0.i6862.6.11.5-20050601.1526updates-released
cman-kernel-xenU.i6862.6.11.5-20050601.1526updates-released
dlm-kernel.i6862.6.11.5-20050601.1526updates-released
dlm-kernel.i5862.6.11.5-20050601.1526updates-released
dlm-kernel-debuginfo.i5862.6.11.5-20050601.1526updates-released
dlm-kernel-debuginfo.i6862.6.11.5-20050601.1526updates-released
dlm-kernel-smp.i6862.6.11.5-20050601.1526updates-released
dlm-kernel-xen0.i6862.6.11.5-20050601.1526updates-released
dlm-kernel-xenU.i6862.6.11.5-20050601.1526updates-released
gnbd-kernel.i6862.6.11.2-20050420.1331updates-released
gnbd-kernel.i5862.6.11.2-20050420.1331updates-released
gnbd-kernel-debuginfo.i5862.6.11.2-20050420.1331updates-released
gnbd-kernel-debuginfo.i6862.6.11.2-20050420.1331updates-released
gnbd-kernel-smp.i6862.6.11.2-20050420.1331updates-released
gnbd-kernel-xen0.i6862.6.11.2-20050420.1331updates-released
gnbd-kernel-xenU.i6862.6.11.2-20050420.1331updates-released
kernel.i5862.6.12-1.1398_FC4updates-released
kernel.i6862.6.12-1.1398_FC4updates-released
kernel-debuginfo.i6862.6.12-1.1398_FC4updates-released
kernel-debuginfo.i5862.6.12-1.1398_FC4updates-released
kernel-devel.i5862.6.12-1.1398_FC4updates-released
kernel-devel.i6862.6.12-1.1398_FC4updates-released
kernel-doc.noarch2.6.12-1.1398_FC4updates-released
kernel-smp.i6862.6.12-1.1398_FC4updates-released
kernel-smp-devel.i6862.6.12-1.1398_FC4updates-released
kernel-xen0.i6862.6.12-1.1398_FC4updates-released
kernel-xen0-devel.i6862.6.12-1.1398_FC4updates-released
kernel-xenU.i6862.6.12-1.1398_FC4updates-released
kernel-xenU-devel.i6862.6.12-1.1398_FC4updates-released
上面的确显示出一大堆与内核有关的,installed表示我们的系统已经安装了;
咱们看前一列吧,看一下名字就能猜个差不多;比如doc肯定和内核文档有关了;smp是多处理器的内核;其它的我不懂了,请想知道的弟兄用info来看吧。
比如我们用的机器是单处理器的X86机,想看一下是否有新内核可用。
所以咱们试一下下面的这个。
看是否已经有了新内核可以升级的;
[root@localhostbeinan]#yuminfokernel.i686
[root@localhostbeinan]#yuminfokernel.i686
Settinguprepositories
updates-released100%|=========================|951B00:
00
extras100%|=========================|1.1kB00:
00
base100%|=========================|1.1kB00:
00
freshrpms100%|=========================|951B00:
00
Readingrepositorymetadatainfromlocalfiles
InstalledPackages
Name:
kernel
Arch:
i686
Version:
2.6.11
Release:
1.1369_FC4
Size:
37M
Repo:
installed
Summary:
Linux内核(Linux操作系统的核心)。
Description:
kernel软件包包含Linux内核(vmlinuz),RedHatLinux
操作系统的核心。
内核处理操作系统的基本功能:
分配内存、处理分配、设备的输入和输出等等。
AvailablePackages
Name:
kernel
Arch:
i686
Version:
2.6.12
Release:
1.1398_FC4
Size:
14M
Repo:
updates-released
Summary:
TheLinuxkernel(thecoreoftheLinuxoperatingsystem)
Description:
ThekernelpackagecontainstheLinuxkernel(vmlinuz),thecoreofany
Linuxoperatingsystem.Thekernelhandlesthebasicfunctions
oftheoperatingsystem:
memoryallocation,processallocation,device
inputandoutput,etc.
通过上面的信息,我们可以看到2.6.11的是已经安装了,因为已经显示的是Repo:
installed,下面还有一个Version:
2.6.12,告诉我们是Repo:
updates-released,看来这个是升级用的了。
所以是否升级就看我们的了。
[root@localhostbeinan]#yumupdatekernel
升级内核全景如下:
[root@localhostbeinan]#yumupdatekernel
SettingupUpgradeProcess
Settinguprepositories
updates-released100%|=========================|951B00:
00
extras100%|=========================|1.1kB00:
00
base100%|=========================|1.1kB00:
00
freshrpms100%|=========================|951B00:
00
Readingrepositorymetadatainfromlocalfiles
ResolvingDependencies
-->Populatingtransactionsetwithselectedp
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