届高考二轮之英语题型专练3阅读理解科教科普类 Word版含答案.docx
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届高考二轮之英语题型专练3阅读理解科教科普类 Word版含答案.docx
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届高考二轮之英语题型专练3阅读理解科教科普类Word版含答案
1、 WhilevisitingtheNorthPoleinwintermaynotbeatthetopofyour list,theever-changingICEHOTEL,whichopeneditsdoorstovisitorsonDecember14thisyear,maychangeyourmind.Lying200kmnorthoftheArcticCircleinJukkasjärvi,thehotel,whichiscarvedentirelyfromice,isrebuiltannually,witheach gettingincreasinglybeautifulandimpressive.
The29-year-oldtraditionbeganaccidentallyin1989,afterJukkasjärviresidentsorganizedanartshowina5.5-square-metericehousetotryto call tourists’attentiontothe remote villageduringthefreezingwintermonths.Theexhibitionwasahugesuccess,attractingmanydayvisitors.However,itwasnotuntilagroupof adventurous soulsarrivedwithsleepingbags,announcingtheir intention tospendthenightinsidethehouse,thattheideaofthefrozenhotelwasborn.
TheICEHOTELhascomealongwaysinceits beginnings.Itcoversanareaofover5,500squaremeters.TheplanningbeginsmonthsearlierinMarchwhenabout5,000tonsoficeareharvestedfromtheriverandtransferredtocoldstorage,wheretheysittillthebeginningofwinter.ConstructionbeginsinearnestinNovember,whenabout100workerscometotheregion.ByDecember,theuniquefrozen accommodation isreadytoopenforbusiness.
Regardlessofwhethervisitorsselecttheluxurycarvedsuitesorthebasicicerooms,thetemperatureisalwayssettoabone-chilling -5°C!
Thatiswhyguestsareadvisedtoliecloseinside warmsleepingbagsandwearglovesandwinterhatsallnight.Notsurprisingly,mostendupspendingjustasinglenightatthisuniquehotelbeforemovingontothe conventional,andwarmer,cabinsnearby.
Inadditiontotheuniquerooms,thehotelalsooffersguestsfunactivitieslikesnowshoeing,ordogsledding,andforthosebraveenoughtosufferthroughthebelowfreezingtemperatures—overnight wilderness camping!
Thehotel’ssinglerestaurantservesfood,whilethedrinksarealwayschilledtoperfectionintheworld-famousICEBAR!
1.WhydidJukkasjärviresidentsorganizeanartshowin1989?
A.Toattracttourists.B.Tofollowatradition.
C.Toexciteadventurers.D.Toexperiencecold.
2.HowtodealwithtonsoficeharvestedfromtheriverinMarch?
A.Carvethemroughly.
B.Keepthemwithcoldstorage.
C.Designuniqueforms.
D.Constructthemslowly.
3.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsisnecessaryforthosegoingcampingallnight?
A.Wealth.B.Goodhealth.C.Neardistance.D.Braveness.
4.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.ICEHOTEL,aWiseChoice
B.ICEHOTELIsintheArcticCircle
C.ICEHOTELHasaUniqueScenery
D.ICEHOTELOpensforthe29thYear
2、Plantscannotrunorhide,sotheyneedotherstrategiestoavoidbeingeaten.Somecurluptheirleaves,othersproducechemicalstomakethemselvestastebadiftheysenseanimalsdroolingonthem,chewingthemuporlayingeggsonthem—allsignalsofanattack.Newresearchnowshowssomefloracanfeelaplant-eatinganimalwellbeforeitlaunchesanattack,lettingaplantprepareapreemptive(发制人的)defensethatevenworksagainstotherpestspecies.
WhenecologistJohnOrrockoftheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonsprayedsnailslime—aliquidtheanimalsreleaseastheyslidealong—ontosoil,nearbytomatoplantsappearedtonotice.Theyincreasedtheirlevelsofanenzyme(酶),whichisknowntopreventplant-eatinganimals."Noneoftheplantswereeveractuallyattacked,"Orrocksays."Wejustgavethemcuesthatsuggestedanattackwascoming,andthatwasenoughtocausebigchangesintheirchemistry."
InitiallyOrrockfoundthisdefenseworkedagainstsnails;inthelateststudy,histeammeasuredtheslimywarning'simpactonanotherpotentialthreat.Theinvestigatorsfoundthathungrycaterpillars(毛虫),whichusuallyeattomatoleavesgreedily,hadnoappetiteforthemaftertheplantswereexposedtosnailslimeandactivatedtheirchemicalresistance.Thisnonspecificdefensemaybeastrategythatbenefitstheplantsbyfurtherimprovingtheiroverallpossibilitiesofsurvival,saysOrrock,whoreportedtheresultswithhiscolleaguesinMarchinOecologia.
Thefindingthatasnail'sapproachcancauseaplantresponsethataffectsadifferentanimalmadeRichardKarbancurious,aplantcommunicationsexpert,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy."Itissignificantthattheplantsarerespondingbeforebeingdamagedandthatthesecuesarehavingsuchfar-rangingeffects,"Karbansays.Theresearchwascomprehensive,headds,buthewondershowthetomatoplantsfeltchemicalsinsnailslimethatneveractuallytouchedthem.
"That'sthemillion-dollarquestion,"Orrocksays.Hehopesfutureresearchwillmakeoutthemechanismsthatenableplantstosensetheserelativelydistantcues.
(1).JohnOrrocksprayedaliquidontosoilneartomatoplantsto_______.
A.makethemgrowbetter
B.givethemawarning
C.keepplant-eatinganimalsaway
D.informplant-eatinganimalsofdanger
(2).Whyistheexampleof"caterpillars"mentionedinParagraph3?
A.Tointroduceanotheranimal.
B.Toconfirmtheresultofthestudy.
C.Toappealtopeopletoprotectanimals.
D.Toanalyzedifferentresistancechemicals.
(3).WhatdoesRichardKarbanreallywanttoknow?
A.Howtomatoplantsbecomeawareofdanger.
B.Whatthechemicalsinthesnailslimeare.
C.Whethertheresearchisofpracticalvalue.
D.Whatthefindingoftheresearchis.
(4).Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.WatchfulPlantsB.GreedyAnimals
C.ASnail'sApproachD.ADefenseAttack
3、Peopleaskedtoimaginehowfloodingordroughtswouldaffectparticularpeopleorplacesweremorelikelytoengageinenvironmentallyfriendlyactions.Manypeopleviewclimatechangeasadistantthreat.Buthavingthemimaginethetangible(有形的)consequencesofresultingdroughtsorfloodsmayhelpchangethisideaandencouragepro-environmentalbehavior,anewstudysuggests.
Researchersasked93collegestudentstoreadareportontemperatureanomalies(异常),floodsandotherclimatechange-relatedeventsthathaveaffectedtheisland.Thescientiststhenasked62oftheparticipantstowritedownthreewaysinwhichsuchphenomenamightimpacttheirfuturelives.Halfthepeopleinthatgroupwereinstructedtoimaginesuchsituationsindetail.Theremaining31studentsdidnotcompleteeitherthewritingorimaginingsteps,actingasacontrolgroup.
Alltheparticipantsthenratedtheirideasofclimatechangerisksbyrespondingtoquestionssuchas"Howlikelydoyouthinkitisthatclimatechangeishavingseriousimpactsontheworld?
"Theyusedascalefrom1("veryunlikely")to7("verylikely").Theaveragescorewashigheramongsubjectswhohadbeenaskedtoenvisiondetailedsituationsthanamongthosewhohadnot.Theresultswerelaterconfirmedinasecondexperimentinvolving102participants.
Participantsinthefirstexperimentwhohadimaginedtheeffectsofclimatechangeweremorelikelytosaytheywoulduseairconditioninginanenergy-savingmanner.Inthesecondexperiment,nearlytwothirdsofpeopleinthevisualizing(想象)groupsigneduptohelpcleanabeach,comparedwith43percentinthenonvisualizingone.Andwhenofferedachoiceofavegetarian(素食主义的)ornonvegetarianlunchbox,nearlyhalfthevisualizersselectedtheenvironmentallyfriendliermeatlesschoice-comparedwithabout28percentofthenonvisualizers.
Theresearchersdidnottrackpeopletoseeiftheybehaveddifferentlyintheirday-to-daylives-somethingfurtherstudiesshouldexamine,saysstudyco-authorWen-BinChiou.Moreover,theresearch"shouldbedoneagaininotherplaceswithotherpopulations," saysRobertGifford,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofVictoriainBritishColumbia,whowasnotinvolvedinthework.
Thefindingscouldbeappliedtoraisepublicconcernaboutclimatechange,Chiousays.Forexample,hesuggeststhatnewsreportsaboutthephenomenoncouldincludevividdescriptionsofitseffectsonpeople'slivesandaskreaderstoimagineexperiencingsuchimpacts.Havingvirtual-realitydemonstrations(展示)inlocalsciencemuseumsoftheconsequencesofclimatechangewouldbeanotherwayofputtingtheresearchintopractice,Chiouadds.
1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthestudyistrue?
A.Onlyoneexperimentwascarriedoutforthestudy.
B.ProfessorRobertGiffordplayedakeyroleinthestudy.
C.Thecontrolgrouponlycompletedthewritingstepintheexperiment.
D.Participantsaskedtoimaginedetailedeffectsscoredhigherthanthosewhoweren't.
2.Futurestudieswillprobablybeaboutwhether______.
A.itistrueofotherpopulationsinotherplaces
B.moremoneywillbedonatedtothepeopleaffectedbyclimatechange-relatedevents
C.peoplechoosevegetarianlunchboxesintheirdailylives
D.climatechangewillcausepeopletothinkaboutjoininginacontrolgroup
3.Toputtheresearchintopractice,Wen-BinChiousuggeststhat______.
A.thegovernmentcallonpeopletolivealow-carbonlife
B.peopleuseairconditioninginanenergy-savingmanner
C.peopleexperiencepossibleeffectsofclimatechangethroughvirtualrealityfacilities
D.newsreportsprovidevividdescriptionsoftheeffectsofclimatechangeonpeople'slives
4.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat______.
A.differentpeoplemayhavedifferentreactionstoclimatechange
B.differentformsofclimatechangemayaffectpeople'sideasindifferentways
C.peoplemaychangetheirbehaviorafterthinkingaboutthevividimpactsofclimatechange
D.collegestudentsshowgreatconcernforthepeopleaffectedbyclimatechange
4、Brainhealthiskeytosuccessfulageing,anditinvolvesseveralmentalfunctionsincludingmemory,reasoningandplanning.Memorydefineswhoweare—witho
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