新核心综合学术英语教程 4 Unit 6 参考答案.docx
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新核心综合学术英语教程 4 Unit 6 参考答案.docx
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新核心综合学术英语教程4Unit6参考答案
V.KeystotheExercises
FocusingonReading
Task1
1—Para.D2—Para.F
3—Para.E4—Para.B
5—Para.G6—Para.I
7—Para.A8—Para.N
9—Para.C10—Para.H
11—Para.M12—Para.O
13—Para.L
Task2
1)Theproblemsofearlierstudiesontheeffectoffooddeprivationinclude:
notenoughattentionwas
paidontheeffectsoffooddeprivationoncognition;someofthefindingshavebeencontradictory;
notallgroupsofpeoplehavebeensufficientlystudied;notallcognitiveaspectshavebeenstudied.
2)Thepurposeofthestudywastounderstandhowshort-termfooddeprivationaffectsconcentration
andperseverancewithadifficulttask.
Hechoseconcentrationandperseveranceashisexperimentitemsbecauseheconsideredthesetwo
importantincognitivefunctioning.
3)Threegroupswereemployedintheexperiment.Thecriterionisthelengthoffooddeprivation.
4)Hepredictedthatparticipantswithlong-termfooddeprivationwouldperformworseonthe
concentrationperseverancetasksthanthosewithshort-termfooddeprivation,whointurnwould
performworsethanthosewithoutfooddeprivation.
Theresultwasthatfooddeprivationhadnosignificanteffectonconcentration,andasignificant
Teacher’sManualofanIntegratedAcademicEnglishCourseIV
130
effectonperseverancetime,withthe12-hourgroupspendingsignificantlylesstimeonthe
perseverancetaskthaneitherthecontrolgrouporthe24-hourgroup,withnosignificantdifference
betweenthelattertwogroups.
5)Itwasexplainedthattheparticipantsinthe12-hourgroupgaveupmorequicklyontheperseverancetaskbecauseoftheirhungerproducedbythefooddeprivation,whilethe24-hourgrouphaddeveloped“learnedindustriousness”.Anotherexplanationwasthemotivationalstateof
participants,forthe12-hourgrouptookthetestsat10p.m.,aprimetimeofthenightforbusiness
andsocializingratherthanforworkingonthepuzzle.
Thefirstlimitationofthestudywasthetimeofdaywhentherespectivegroupstookthetests,and
thesecondwasthereasonsoffooddeprivation;forexample,fastingforreligiousreasons.
Task3
1)s 2)q 3)r 4)p 5)n 6)f
7)g 8)m 9)k 10)l 11)i 12)j
13)h 14)e 15)t 16)d 17)b 18)c
19)a 20)o 21)x 22)v 23)w 24)u
Task4
Sentences
Chinese
equivalents
Synonyms
1)Thenumberofwellsisafairindicatorofthe
demandforwater.
指标,指示物index,display,signal,sign
2)Bodytemperaturescanfluctuatewhenyouare
ill.
波动,变动oscillate,change,alter,vary,
vacillate
3)Unemploymentisachronicprobleminthis
country.
长期的,慢性的constant,deep-rooted,deep-seated,
persistent,ineradicable
4)Irequestedacopyoftheform.请求,要求demand,askfor,appealfor,putin
for,desire,prayfor,putforward,
begfor
5)ShethenproceededtocriticizethewayIdidit.开始,继续进行continue,carryon,goon,go
ahead,advance,continue
6)Consumptionofalcoholimpairsyourabilityto
drive.
损害,削弱spoil,injure,decrease,weaken,
damage,worsen,diminish,
reduce,reduce,undermine,harm
7)Weneedtodesignatesomeoneasourspokesperson.指定,指派name,appoint,choose
8)Canmychildbemedicallyexaminedwithout
myconsent?
同意sanction,approval,assent,
permission,agreement,
acquiescence
9)They’vebeendeprivedofthefuelnecessaryto
heattheirhomes.
剥夺,使丧失strip,rob,dispossess
131
Unit6TheEffectsofFoodDeprivation
Sentences
Chinese
equivalents
Synonyms
10)Manyslopesarerockfieldswithsparsevegetation.稀疏的,稀少的scarce,meager,sporadic,
scattered,scanty
11)Hesurmisedthathehaddiscoveredoneofthe
illegalstreets.
猜测,推断infer,guess,speculate,deduce,
conclude,predicate,theorize
12)Freudpostulatedthatweallhaveadeathinstinct.假定,认为presume,suspect,assume,
presuppose,suppose,hypothesize
Themostformalonesare:
fluctuate,oscillate,vacillate,ineradicable,undermine,sanction,
acquiescence,sparse,meager,sporadic,surmise,hypothesize
Task5
1)Accordingtosomeresearchers,mostoftheresultssofarprovethatshort-termfastingdoesnot
affectcognitivefunctionverymuch.However,itistooearlytodrawtheconclusionbecausethereis
notenoughresearchonthecognitivefunctionssuchasconcentrationandperseverance.
2)Ingeneral,wefoundourhypothesissupportedbythedata,as12hoursoffooddeprivationwould
greatlyaffectperseverancewhencomparedtonodeprivation.Unexpectedly,24hoursoffood
deprivationdidnotinfluenceperseverancemuchwhencomparedwiththecontrolgroup.
3)Weguessthattheparticipantswhoweredeprivedoffoodfor12hoursgaveupmorequicklyonthe
perseverancetaskbecauseofhunger.Butwhydidn’t24-hourfooddeprivationproducethesame
effect?
Weassumethatitisbecauseof“learnedindustriousness”whichmeansparticipantswho
performonedifficulttaskdobetteronafollowingtaskthanthosewhonevertookthefirsttask.
Task6
Summary:
Futureresearchesonfooddeprivationandcognitioncouldincludetheeffectsofshort-term
fooddeprivationonotheraspectsofcognition,explorationoflonger-termfooddeprivationperiodsand
theeffectsoffooddeprivationonlearnedindustriousness.
Task7
Fooddeprivationhasbeenfoundtoaffectpeople’sabilitytofocusonataskinpreviousstudies,but
notmuchattentionhasbeenpaidtotheeffectsoffooddeprivationoncognition.①Thisstudyintended
toexplorehowshort-termfooddeprivationaffectsconcentrationandperseverancewithadifficult
task.②Qualifiedparticipantsweredividedintothecontrolgroup(withnofooddeprivation),12-hour
fooddeprivationgroupand24-hourfooddeprivationgroupandtheywereassignedtofinishthe
concentrationtasksandperseverancetasks.③Itwasfoundthatfooddeprivationhadnosignificanteffect
onconcentration,12hoursoffooddeprivationgreatlyaffectedperseverancewhencomparedtono
deprivationwhile24hoursoffooddeprivationdidnotinfluenceperseverancemuch.④“Learned
industriousness”andthemotivationalstateofparticipantswerethepossibleexplanationsforthe
results.⑤Thestudyprovidessomeinsightsintothecognitiveandphysiologicaleffectsofskippingmeals.
(Continued)
Teacher’sManualofanIntegratedAcademicEnglishCourseIV
132
①theobjective ②methodsused ③findings
④explanation ⑤implication
Task8
(omitted)
Task9
(omitted)
Task10
(omitted)
ResearchPaperWriting
Task1
Function:
Describetheoutlineofthetalk
Function:
Introducethetopic
Function:
Indicatetheshiftfromoneideatoanother
Function:
Givingclosingremarks
Function:
Summarizethetalk
Task2
Willourcitybeburiedundertheseainonethousandyearstime?
Itsoundsfunnybutwiththe
effectsofglobalwarmingbecomingmoreandmoreserious,thismaybecometrueinthefuture.I’m
goingtodiscusswithyoutodaytheeffectsofglobalwarming.Iwillconcentrateonthethreeeffectsof
globalwarminginmypresentationtoday:
first,globalwarmingcausesmeltingglaciersandrisingsea
levels;second,globalwarmingleadstoclimatechangeandhasanimpactonwildanimals’behavior
andhabitat;thelasteffectistheretreatingsnowlinesanddeathofsomespeciesoftrees.
Task3
1)Howmanyhoursofsleepdidyougetlastnight?
Thelecturebeganwiththequestiontoarousethelisteners’interest.
2)Themajorpointsarethecausesofsleepdeprivationanditseffects.
Hepresentedtheminthefirstparagraphtogivethelistenersageneralviewofthecontent.
3)Thetransitionalwords:
but,however,asaresult,also
4)Toillustratedifficultorabstractpoints.
5)Therhetoricalquestions:
Infact,didyouknowthatmorethan30percentofAmericanadultsworkmorethanfiftyhoursa
week?
Howmanyofyouwouldsaythat...thatyoudon’tgotosleepwhenyoushouldbecauseoftheTV
ortheInternet?
Rhetoricalquestionsareusedtocatchthelisteners’attention.
6)Colloquialexpressionsinclude:
OK,well,let’s,yeah,now,yes,eh,asyoucansee.
133
Unit6TheEffectsofFoodDeprivation
Thespeakerusesthemtotalktotheaudienceinsteadofreadingtothem.
7)Thetalkdiffersfromaformalessayinseveralaspects:
first,thetalkusescolloquialwords,
likewell,let’s,OK,etc.;thetalkusessimplerlanguage,likeshortsentences;third,thetalkuses
contractions,likedon’t.
Task4
(omitted)
Task5
(omitted)
Task6
(omitted)
Task7
(omitted)
Task8
(omitted)
Task9
(omitted)
Task10
Sentencestoelicitquestionsfromtheaudience:
—Arethereanyquestionsyou’dliketoask?
—Feelfreetoaskquestionsifyouhaveany.
—I’dbegladtoansweranyquestionsattheendofmytalk.
—Alright.Now,anyquestionsorcomments?
Strategiesdealingwithquestionsandanswers:
—Askforrepetitionorclarificationifnecessary“.Doyoumean...?
”
—Checkthatthequestionisrelevant.Ifnot,don’tanswerifyoudon’twantto.“I’mafraidthat’s
outsidethescopeofmytalk/thissession.”
—Referquestionertoanotherpersonifyoucan’tanswer.“Idon’tthinkI’mtherightpersontoanswer
that.Perhaps(Mr.Holmes)canhelp...”
—Checkthatthequestionerissatisfiedwithyouranswer:
eyecontactandapauseisoftensufficient.
“Doesthatansweryourquestion?
”
Task11
(omitted)
Task12
(omitted)
Task13
(omitted)
Task14
(omitted)
Teacher’sManualofanIntegratedAcademicEnglishCourseIV
134
AcademicSurvivalSkills
Task1
Abstract:
ThestudyaimstofindouttheFudanuniversitystudents’knowledgeofanthropogenicclimate
change.Wedesignedaquestionnaireincludingeightquestionsandgaveitto40students,whowere
dividedintomajorsandnon-majorsindifferentgrades.Newsmediawasfoundtob
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