新世纪大学英语系列教材视听说教程6听力原文.docx
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新世纪大学英语系列教材视听说教程6听力原文.docx
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新世纪大学英语系列教材视听说教程6听力原文
Unit1Unit2Unit3Unit4Unit5Unit6Unit7Unit8
Unit1:
PeterGraham:
lastclass,Iaskedyoutothinkabouthowyouwouldimprovetheoverallqualityofoureducation.I’veinvitedtwoforeignstudentstosharetheirviewswithustoday.Yoon-Hee,PakisfromSeoul,Korea,andGordonPickeringis,fromCanberre,Australia.They’lleachtalkabouthowtheythinkthequalityofeducationwheretheylivecouldbeimproved.Yoon-Hee,wouldyouliketostartfirst?
Yoon-Hee:
sure.Ithinkinsteadofbeinginstitutionsthatfostercriticalthinkingandaddressthereal-worldneedsofstudents,manyoftoday’sschoolsaremorelike“informationfactories”—placeswherewememorizeasmuchdataaswecan(mostofwhichwelaterforget)sothatwecan“passatest.”.inmycountry,forexample,one’sfuture—fromthemajoryouwillstudytothejobyouwilleventuallyget-oftendependsonwhetherornotyoupassthetesttogetintoagoodcollege.Familiesspendenormousamountsofmoneytosendtheirkidstocramschoolstohelpthemprepareforandpasstheuniversityentranceexam.Youreducationbecomesfocusedonthisonesinglegoal:
passingthetest.
Inmyopinion,ifwewanttotalkaboutimprovingthequalityofeducationforall,thefirstthingweshoulddoistoplacelessemphasisonrotememorizationandtest-takinginourschoolandmoreemphasisondevelopingcriticalthinkingandimportantlifeskills.Classesinallgradesshouldfeaturemorehands-on,practicallearning.Let’stakeoneexample.Wehaveallstudiedsciencefromabook.Butstudentscanalsolearnaboutitbygoingonfieldtripsandspendingtimeinnature,orvolunteeringatalocalwildlifepreserve.“learningbydoing”isagreatwaytodeveloppracticalskillsandtoapplywhatwe’velearnedinbooks.Manyhighschoolanduniversitygraduatesoftenwishthey’dhadachancetodomoreofthiskindoflearninginschool.IwishIhad!
Wealsoneedtounderstandthatbeingeducatedisaboutmorethanstudyingscience,math,andlanguages.ofcoursethesesubjectsareimportant.Butsoarepaintingandmusic.Andwhataboutlearninghowtocook,plantagarden,andmakeyourownclothes?
MahatmaGandhihimselfbelievedthatthesewerejustasimportantasscienceandmathandbelongedineveryschoolcurriculum.Icouldn’tagreemore.
PeterGraham:
thankyou,Yoon-Hee.Nowlet’slistentowhatGordonfromAustraliahastosay.
Gordon:
well,hereismyresponsetoYoon-Hee’scomments.Firstoff,IwouldsaythatIagreewithherthatschoolsshouldbeplacesthatcultivatecriticalthinkingandpreparestudentstomeetthechallengestheywillfaceintherealworld.
Onaphilosophicallevel,Ialsothinkthatitwouldbegreatifourclassroomsfeaturedmorehands-onlearning.Butwehavetoberealistic,too.ManyprivateandpublicschoolsinAustraliaandaroundtheworldhaveaminimumoffortystudentsinaclassroom.Yoon-Heetalksaboutspendingtimeinnatureratherthanlearningsciencefromabook.It’salovelyidea,andinaperfectworld,classroomratiowouldbetenstudentsforeveryoneteacher.Butwithfortyormorestudents,howcanateachermakesurethestudentsarelearning,notjustgoofingoffwhiletheyare“outinnature”orvolunteeringsomewhere?
Yoon-heealsomentionedthatschoolsshouldspendlesstimeondrillsandtests.Inmyopinion,studentsneedtospendmoretimeondrillingandmemorizingcertaininformation.Isaythisbecauseinarecentnationalgeographicstudy,onlyabout25%ofthe18-24-tear-oldsinterviewedfromaroundtheworldwereabletoidentifycountriessuchasIsraelandIrancorrectlyonamap!
Analarmingnumberofhighschoolgraduatestodaycannotdobasicmathorwriteacoherentessay.Howarepeoplelikethissupposedtocompeteinthejobmarket?
Iguessthequestionformeiswhydowegotoschool?
AndIthinkwedosotomasteracademicskillsincoreareassuchasreading,writing,mathematics,andscience.SchoolsinAustralianeedtobedoingmoretomakesurethatallstudentsaregraduatingwithasolidfoundationinthesesubjects.Ifitmeansmoredrillsandtests,wellthen,sobeit.
Unit2:
Dianaisorganizedandreliable.Sheturnsinherhomeworkontimeandsaysshe’sgoodaboutcheckinginwithherparentswhileshe’soutwithfriends.
“IkeepmygradesupandIamresponsiblefrogettingthingsdone,”saysDiana,15.
ItwouldcomeasnosurprisetomanyexpertsthatDianaistheoldestchildinherfamily.Somepsychologistsbelievethatyouplaceinthefamilycanshapeyourpersonality,influencingwhetheryouareresponsible,arisk-taker,orridiculouslyfunny.
“oldestchildrenareusuallyresponsible,”saysfrankj.Sulloway,researchscholarandauthorofborntorebel,abookonthesignificanceofbirthorder.
“firstbornsaremorelikelytoserveasparents,”Sullowaysays.“asaresult,firstbornstendtobemoreconscientious.”
Firstbornchildren,headds,arerulekeeperswhoalsoareambitiousandself-disciplined.
Diana,withtwoyoungersiblings,saystheresponsiblepartistrueandthatherparentstendtoaskherforhelpfirst.“myparentsusuallyaskmebeforetheyaskmybrotherorsisters,”shesays.“sometimesit’sapain.”
Shesayssomeoftheotherfirstborncharacteristics,likebeingorganized,alsoareagooddescriptionofher.Shealwayssetstheweekendplanswithfriends.“Iamalwaystheoneorganizingthings,”shesays.
Whileoldestchildrenareknownforbeingdependable,middlekidsusuallyarepeacekeeperswhoaresocialanddiplomatic,accordingtoSulloway.
Bridgetisamiddlekidinherfamily.She’sthefourthkidoutofninebutsaysshewouldn’tdescribeherselfasoutgoing.“IammorequitewhenIamnotathome,”saysBridget,11.
“Peacekeeper”isabetterfitforBridget,whosaysshebreaksupfightsbetweenhersibs.“ifsomeofmyyoungersiblingsarearguingboutatoy,Itrytoworkitout,”shesays.“Ifindsomethingelsethatsomeonecanplaywithandtellthemtostoparguingwitheachother.”
Thelittleonesmightargueoccasionally,butlast-bornchildrentendtobethemostagreeable,fun-lovingandamusing.Olderchildrenhavephysicalstrengthovertheyoungerkids,sohumorisonewaylast-bornchildrencangetwhattheywant.
Youngestchildrenarealsocreative,outgoingandopentonewexperiences,Sullowaysays.JustinJ.istheyoungestinhisfamilyandsaysthatisanaccuratedescriptionofhim.
“mymomhasalwayssaidIamcreative,”saysJustin,15.“ifmybrotherisnotaround,Iamalwayslookingforstufftodoaroundthehouseforfun.”
Butwhathappenedifyouareanonlychild?
Kidswithoutsiblingsoftenhavetraitssimilartofirstbornkids.Onlychildrenareusuallyambitiousandgoodatfollowingparents’rules,Sullowaysays.
Willieb.,11,agrees.Williesayshedoesn’ttalkbackandalwayswearshishelmetwheninlineskating.Healsocaresforhisfamily’sfourpets.
Butunlikekidswithsiblings,onlychildrenusuallyarequitecomfortablearoundadults,Sullowaysays.
“IhavebeenaroundadultssinceIwaslittle.Iamkindofmoreexperienced,”Williesays.
Andwhileonlychildrenaregoodaroundadults,youngestchildrenquestionauthorityandusuallyareleadersinsocialmovements,Sullowayadds.
Unit3:
Ifyouhavn’tbeenthevictimofbullying,youmayknowsomeonewhohas.Bullyingistheactofonepersonoragroupofpeoplerepeatedlypickingon(欺负)another.Abullycreatesanenvironmentoffearandintimidationinordertofeelpowerfulandincontrol.
Victimsofbullyingoftendealwithdifferenttypesofharassmentincludingconstantteasing,namecalling,orphysicalabuse.Othersarethesubjectofhurtfulandusallyuntruerumors.
Newkidontheblock
Mayumisato,11,recentlyreturnedtojapanwithherfamilyaftersixyearsingermany,whereherfatherwasworking.Nowattendingmiddleschoolintokyo,sheinitially(最初地)hadadifficulttimefittingin.“mostofthekidsinmayumi’sclasshadgonetothesameschoolsandgrownuptogether,soI’mnotsurprisedthattheysawmydaughterasdifferentatfirst,”saysMayumi’smother,Hiroko.“someofthekidswerejustmean.Theyteasedherinclassandpickedonherintheschoolyard.”Atfirst,Mayumitriedtoignoreit,butthenshefinallytoldhermotherwhatwasgoingon.“I’amgladshecametome,”Hirokosay.“youknow,alotofkidswouldbetooembarrassedtotalkaboutsomethinglikethis.Butifyouarebeingbullied,youdoneedtotalkaboutit—toaparent,afriend,orsomeoneyoutrust—sothatsomethingcanbedone.”Hiorkospoketooneofthegirl’steachers,whopromisedtokeepaneyeonMayumiandtrytoencouragethekidsintheclasstobemorewelcomingtowardsher.Thisapproachseemstobeworking.“Mayumi’sbeendoingbetterinschoolandismakingfriends,”saysHiroko.“she’sdefinitelyhappierthanshewasthosefirstfewweeks.”
Onthedefense
Afterbeingpickedonformonthsbyagroupofolderboysatthehighscholhegoesto,AdamWheeland,15,hadhadenough.“thesethreeguyswerealwayscallingmedorkinthehallwaysandthreateningtobeatmeup.OnedayIcametoschool,andtheyhadgluedmylockershut.Theywerestandingnearbylaughing,andIlostit.Igotintoafightwithoneofthem.”Wheelandandtheotherboyweresuspendedfromschoolfortwodaysforfighting.Whentheyreturned,thetroublecontinued.Wheelandrealizedheneededtoapproachthesituationdifferently.“thethingaboutbulliesisthattheyareoftenveryinsecurepeople.Theseguyswhohavebeenharassingmeonlydoitwhentheyaretogether.SoItrytostayinagroupwithmyfriendsnow.“wheeland,whoisastraight-Astudent,hasalsodecidedheneedstodothingsthatboosthisself-confidence.hehas
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