TPO115综合写作answer.docx

TPO115综合写作answer.docx

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TPO115综合写作answer

Integratedwriting1—four-dayworkweek2

Integratedwriting2—teamapproach4

Integratedwriting3—Rembrandt6

Integratedwriting4—Dinosaurs8

Integratedwriting5—Chacohouses10

Integratedwriting6—onlineencyclopedias12

Integratedwriting7—woodcertifications14

Integratedwriting8—theChevalier16

Integratedwriting9—hydrogen-basedfuel-cellengine18

Integratedwriting10—seaotter20

Integratedwriting11—readingliterature22

Integratedwriting12—JaneAusten24

Integratedwriting13—commercialfossils26

Integratedwriting14—salavagelogging28

Integratedwriting15—canetoad30

Integratedwriting1—four-dayworkweek

Thereadingandthelisteninghaveconflictopinionsabouttheeffectsoffour-dayworkweekpolicy.Thereadingclaimsitisbeneficialtocompany’sprofits,wholeeconomy,andindividualemployees,whicharecontradictedbythereadingonebyone.

First,thereadingmaintainsthattheshortenedworkweekwouldbringcompanyprofits.Itisbecausethatitwillnotresultinadditionalcoststohiremoreemployeeswhilecurrentemployeeswouldmakefewermistakesinwork.However,thespeakerpointsoutthathiringnewemployeesmeansspendingextramoneyintraining,medicalbenefits,officespaces,andcomputers.Allofthesewillcutintothecompany’sprofits.

Second,thereadingclaimsthatfour-dayworkweekcanreduceunemploymentrate,sincecompaniesneedtohireextraemployeestocoverthevacancy.However,thespeakerdisagreeswiththisbenefitbypointingoutthat,inordertosavemoney,companieswouldaskcurrentemployeestoworkovertimeandraiseexpectationsonthem,requiringthemtofinishfivedays’workinfourdays.Thus,noadditionaljobswillbecreated.

Third,thereading’sviewpointthatindividualemployeescanimprovetheirqualityoflivesischallengedbythelistening.Thespeakerbelievesthatfour-dayworkweekwoulddecreaseemployeesadvanceintheircareerbecausecompaniesareinfavorofemployeeswhoworkfivedaysaweek.Employeeswhoworkfourdaysperweekaremorelikelytolosetheirjobinaneconomicdownturn.Also,companiesmightpassthemoverinpromotion,becausecompaniespreferfive-dayworkerswhocanensuretheconsistenceinmanagement.

[255words]

Integratedwriting2—teamapproach

Thereadingandlisteninghaveoppositeopinionsabouttheeffectsofteamapproach.Thebenefitsofteamapproachdiscussedinthereadingarecontradictedbythelecturer,usingaresearchconductedbyafirmthatusedthegroupsystemtohandletheirwork.

First,thereadingclaimsthatpeopleworkinginateamcanworkquicklyandcomeupwithcreativeideas.However,thespeakerpointsoutthatsomemembersdonotworkhardbutstillgetrecognitionforthesuccessnonetheless.Thisalsoindicatesthatpeoplewhoworkedhardarenotgivenrecognitiontheyshouldhavegotten.Inotherwords,theyarenotgiventheopportunityto“shine”.Thisdirectlycontradictswhatthepassageindicates.

Second,groupscannotmovequicklyinprogress.Thepassagesaysthatgroupsaremoreresponsivethanindividualsbecauseofthenumberofpeopleinvolvedandtheiraggregatedresources.However,thespeakertalksabouthowthefirmfoundoutthatthegroupsareslowerthanindividualsindecisionmaking.Groupsneedmoretimeformeetingstoreachconsensus.

Third,influentialpeoplemightemergeandleadthegrouptowardsfailure.Iftheinfluentialpeoplearegoingintherightdirectiontherewouldbenoproblem.Butincaseswheretheygointhewrongdirection,thereisnobodythathasinfluentialenoughtocounterthedecisionmade.Inotherwords,thegroupmightturnintoadictatorshipwherethedecisionmakerdoesnottaketheequalresponsibilityfortheresult.

[244words]

Integratedwriting3—Rembrandt

Thereadingandlisteninghaveoppositeopinionsaboutwhetherornotthepainting—“PortraitofanElderlyWomaninaWhiteBonnet”—canbeattributedtoRembrandt.ThereadingliststhreereasonstoexplainwhythepaintingwasnotbyRembrandt,whilethelisteningcontradictstheviewpoint.

First,thereadingclaimsthattheinconsistencyofthewomen’slinencapandfurcollardisagreeswithRembrandt’sattentiontothedetailsofsubjects’clothing.However,thelisteningsaysthattherecentre-examinationshowsthatthefurcollarwaspaintingaboutonehundredyearsafterthepaintingwasmade.Thisisprobablybecausesomeonewantedtoincreasethevalueofthepainting.Thus,thewomen’soriginalclothesinthepaintingwereactuallyconsistent.

Second,thereadingmentionsanerrorinthelightandshadow,whichRembrandt,amasterofpaintinglightandshadow,wouldneverhavemade.However,thespeakerpointsoutthatoncetheaddedfurcollarwasremoved,thewomenintheoriginalpaintingiswearingalight-coloredcollar,whichreflectslightthatilluminatedpartsofherface.Sointheoriginalpainting,thelightandshadowareveryrealistic.

Third,thereadingarguesthatnopaintingofRembrandtisknowntobepaintedongluedpanellikethisone.However,thespeakerpointsoutthattheextrawoodpiecesweregluedlaterwhenthefurcollarwasaddedinordertomakethepaintingmoregrandandmorevaluable.Thus,theoriginalpaintingwasactuallypaintedonthesinglepieceofwood,justasRembrandt’sotherpaintings.

[257words]

Integratedwriting4—Dinosaurs

Thereadingandlisteninghaveoppositeopinionsaboutwhetherornotdinosaurswereendotherms.Thereadingsupportstheviewthatdinosaurswereendothermswiththreepiecesofevidence,whicharecontradictedbythelistening.

First,accordingtothereading,thefactthatthedinosaurfossilshavebeendiscoveredinpolarareaswhereonlyendothermscansurviveprovesthatdinosaurswereendothermos.However,thelisteningpointsoutthepolarareaswhendinosaurslivedweremuchwarmerthantoday,warmenoughforanimalsthatwerenotendothermstolive.AndduringthecoldmonthsofPolarRegions,thosedinosaursmightmigratedowarmerareasorhibernated.Thus,thedinosaurfossilsfoundinPolarRegionscannotprovethedinosaurswereendotherms.

Thesecondproofmentionedinthereadingisthat,thelegpositionandmovementofdinosaurswereinconsistencywiththatofmodernendotherms.However,thespeakerpointsoutthatthisfactdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatdinosaurswerehighenergyenthodermsbuiltforrunning.Therecanbeotherexplanations.Thefactthatdinosaurshadtheirlegsplacedundertheirbodiestosupportsmoreweightsothattheycouldgrowintoverylargesize.Thus,theideaofendothermsandrunningisnottheonlyexplanationfordinosaurs’legposition.

Third,thereadingclaimsthatfossilizedbonesofdinosaursareusuallydensedwithHaversiancanals,acharacteristicofendotherms.However,thespeakerpointsoutthatthedinosaurbonesalsohavegrowthrings.Growthringsindicatethetimewhenthedinosaurswerenotrapidlygrowing,whichshowsdinosaursstoppedgrowingorgrewmoreslowlyduringcoolerperiods.Thisgrowingpatternischaracteristicofanimalsthatarenotendotherms.Thus,thelisteningchallengesthatHaversiancanalsalonecannotprovethatdinosaursareendotherms.

[288words]

Integratedwriting5—Chacohouses

Thereadingdiscussesthreetheoriesexplainingtheusageofthe“bighouse”inChacoCanyon,whicharecontradictedbythelisteningonebyone.

ThefirsttheoryinthereadingbelievestheChacohouseswerepurelyresidential,eachprovidinghousesforhundredsofpeople.However,thespeakersclaimsthattheinsidestructurescastseriousdoubtsonthistheory.Thespeakerexplainsthatifthegreathouseswereusedasresidentialhouses,thereshouldhavebeenalotoffireplacesforeachfamilydoingdailycooking.Thefactisthattherearefewfireplaces,whichmeanstheprimaryfunctionofthesehouseswasnotresidential.

ThesecondtheorymentionedinthereadingcontendsthattheChacohouseswereusedtostorefoodsupplies.Grainmaize,themainfoodsupplyofChacopeople,couldbestoredforlongperiods,whiletheChacohouseswerelargeenoughtostoregreatamountofgrainmaize.However,thespeakerpointsoutthattheexcavationsofthegreathouseshavenotdiscoveredevidencetosupportthistheory,sincenotracesofmaizeofmaizecontainerswerefound.

Thethirdtheory,accordingtothereading,proposesthathouseswereusedasceremonialcenters.ThistheoryinterpretedthefindingoflargenumberofbrokenpotsatPuebloAlto,oneofthelargehouses,asevidencethatpeoplegatheredthereforspecialceremonies.However,thespeakerpointsoutthatthemounddiscoveredatPuebloAltoalsocontainslotsofothermaterialsbesidesbrokenpots.Suchthings,morelikelytobetrashesleftafterconstruction,werenotlikelytoappearinceremonies.Thus,suchfindingscannotsupportthethirdtheorywell.

[273words]

Integratedwriting6—onlineencyclopedias

Thereadingdiscussesthreeproblemsofcommunalonlineencyclopedias,whicharecontradictedbythespeakerinthelistening.

First,thereadingclaimsthatcommunalonlineencyclopediascanbeincorrectinmanycasesbecausetheircontributorslackacademiccredentialslikethewritersoftraditionalencyclopedias.Thespeakeradmitsthatbothonlineandtraditionalencyclopediasarenotperfect.However,itiseasierforonlineencyclopediasthanfortraditionalonestocorrecterrors.

Second,thereadingpointsoutthatonlineencyclopediacanbeeasilyalteredbyhackers,andconsequentlyunsuspectinguserscanbemisled.However,thespeakermentionstwostrategiesthathavebeenproveneveryeffectiveinprotectingonlineencyclopediasfrommaliciousalteration.Onestrategyistoputindisputablefac