上海市16区高三英语二模试题专项汇编04 阅读理解A篇.docx
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上海市16区高三英语二模试题专项汇编04 阅读理解A篇.docx
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上海市16区高三英语二模试题专项汇编04阅读理解A篇
04-2020年上海市高三英语二模专项训练之阅读理解A篇
金山区
(A)
EUmembers’stateshaveagreedtobanatoxicsubstancewidelyfoundinclothingbecauseitposesan“acceptablerisk”totheenvironment.Countriesvotedinfavorofextendingexistingrestrictionsonnonylphenolethoxylates(NPE)toimportstoclothingandothertextileproducts.
Themeasureisintendedtoprotectspeciesinwater.UseofNPEintextilemanufatureinEuropewasbannedover10yearsagobutthesubstanceisstillreleasedintothewaterenvironmentthroughimportedtextilesbeingwashed.
NPEdegradesintheenvironmentintosubstancesincludingnonylphenol(NP),whichaccumulatesinthebodiesoffishanddisturbstheirhormones,harmingfertility,growthandsexualdevelopment.
NPEisusedintextilemanufactureasacleaninganddyeingagent.TheEUdecisionnotesthatseveralstudieshavefoundNPEtobepresentintextileitems.
A2011studybyGreenpeacefoundNPEintwo-thirdsofclothestested,includingitemssoldbybig-namebradssuchasAdidas,H&M,Lacoste,andRalphLauren.TheNGO(Non-GovernmentalOrganizations)arguedthatalthoughconcentrationsofNPEfoundintheclotheswerelow,thechemical’sexistenceintheenvironmentposedarisk.
ThenewbanontextilescontainingNPEinconcentrationsequaltoorgreaterthan0.01%willenterintoforcefiveyearsafteritisadoptedbytheEuropeanCommission,whichislikelytohappeninSeptember.
IncommentssubmittedtoECHA(EuropeanChemicalsAgency),clothingandtextilefirmshavewarnedthatobeyingtherestrictionwillbedifficultbecauseNPEubiquitousinthesupplychainandhasnumeroususes.
Thenewrestrictionwillnotapplytosecond-handgoodsorrecycledtextilesbecauseitisassumedthatthesewillalreadyhavebeenwashedseveraltimessotheycontainnegligible(微不足道的)amountsofNPE.
EUcountriesmusteliminatepollutionofwaterbodiesbyNPasitisaprioritysubstanceundertheWaterFrameworkDirective.A2013studybytheUKenvironmentagencywarnedthatemissionsfromtextilescouldpreventprogresstowardsthisobjective.Itfound29%ofimportedcottonunderwearcontainedNPE,whichwasreleasedduringthefirsttwowashesbytheconsumer.
56.The2011studybyGreenpeacefound_________.
A.29%ofimportedcottonunderwearcontainedNPE
B.NPEhadlimitedeffectsonaquaticspecies
C.NPEwaswidelypresentintextileproducts
D.clothesofgoodqualityhadnoconcentrationsofNPE
57.What’sthepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedpart“isubiquitous”isParagraph7?
A.islegallyprotectedB.isnoteasytobefound
C.seemstobeeverywhereD.isuncommon
58.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?
A.TheoriginalbanonuseofNPEwasveryeffective.
B.RecycledtextilecontainlessNPE.
C.Thenewbanonimportsoftextilehascomeintoforce.
D.TheUKenvironmentagencyisoptimisticaboutthenewban.
59.Whichsectionofthewebsitedoesthetextcomefrom?
A.lifestyleB.technology.C.Business.D.Environment.
56-59CCBD
闵行区
(A)
BrookeMartin’sgoldenretriever(金毛猎犬)Kaylahatedbeingleftaloneorseparated.Shewouldhowl,pace,andchewonthings.Brookelearnedthatotherpeoplehadthesameproblemwiththeirpets.Shewondered:
“Whatifyoucouldtalktoyourdogifyouweregone?
”
Workingwithherfatherintheirgarage,the16-year-oldcameupwithseveralideas.Finally,sheinventedadevicethatallowedpetownerstovideochatwiththeirpets!
ShecallsthedeviceiCPooch.“Thedogdoesn’thavetoanswerthecall,”explainsBrooke.“Itcomesupimmediatelyonthescreenontheirend.It’satwo-wayaudioandvideo—youcanseeandheareachother.”Withaclickofabuttonyoucanevensendthedogatreat!
Herinventionhasearnedheraspotcompetingagainstnineotherfinalistsinayoungscientistcompetitionformiddle-schoolstudents.Thesefinalists,selectedbasedontheirshortvideopresentations,areworkingwithmentorsoverthesummerbeforeheadingtothefinalcompetitioninSt.Paul,Minn.
AfterMartin’svideoputheramongthe10finalistsintheDiscoveryEducation3MYoungScientistChallenge,shewaspairedwithDelonyLanger-Anderson,aproductdevelopmentscientistin3M’sconsumerhealthcaredivision.―Ijustleadherdowntheproductdevelopmentpath,Langer-AndersontoldLiveScience.Thispathincludesguidanceonhowtotestthepotentialproduct,whichcombinesavideochatdevicethatanswersimmediatelyonthedog’sendwithadogtreatdevicetheownercanremotelyactivate.
‘OnethingIhavethoughtaboutalotis,whathappensifwhilethedeviceisonthefloor,whatifyourdogknocksitover,orscratchesthescreen?
’Martinsaid.SheandLanger-Andersondiscussedthis,andMartinisnowtestingmaterialsatalocaldogshelterbytapingthemtothedoghousefloorstoseehowwelltheywithstandsharpteethandclaws.
Thefinalistscreatemodelstheycantest,withtheguidancefromamentor.Theirprojectsincludeafuelcellthattransformscutgrassintoelectricityandanappthatrewardsdriversfornottextingorcalling.Langer-Andersontriestohelpthestudentsworkthroughthescientificmethod,testingtheirhypothesis,inadeterminedway,―sothekidsdon’tgetburiedindata.shesaid.
56.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.“iCPooch”winsinayoungscientistcompetition.
B.A16-year-oldgirlinventsadevicefordoghunger.
C.Aman-madedeviceletspeoplechatwiththeirpets.
D.Akid-inventeddevicecalmdogs’separationanxiety.
57.“iCPooch”calmspetdogsby________.
A.allowingvideochatB.makingdogssleep
C.answeringthecallD.givingthemfood
58.Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedword“mentor”?
A.competitorsB.assistantsC.instructorsD.companions
59.Whatdotheinventionsofthefinalistshaveincommon?
A.Theyareallnewinventionsdealingwithpets.
B.Theyarepossiblesolutionstoeverydayproblems.
C.Theycopewiththeproblemsrelatedtocomputers.
D.Theyareallaccomplishedthroughindividualwork.
56.D57.A58.C59.B
长宁区
(A)
WhenaneditorcalledtoaskifIcouldphotographastoryaboutfirefliesinMexico,Ididn’tcheckmyschedulebeforeIsaidyes.I’dseentheseinsectslightuptheforestsinTlaxcalaoncebefore,andIjumpedatthechancetogoback.
Ihadthreenightstocapturethemagicalsceneintheforest.Camerastandinhand,Ihikedwithmycolleaguesintothefoggyforestatdusk.Accordingtoourguides,visitorsareusuallynotallowedtophotographthefirefliesbecausethepresenceofartificiallightfromelectronicscanaffecttheirhabits.AsIstartedshooting,Iadjustedmyexposuresconstantlytoaccountforthefadinglight.InordertogetthecompositionthatIwanted,Iplacedmycamerastandonasteep,rockypathandhadtosteadyitduringthelongexposures.Normallythiswouldn’tbeabigdeal,butthefireflieswereveryinterestedinthecameraand,byextension,inme.Istoodcompletelystillwhiletheycrawledalloverme—myarms,myhair,myface—andtickled(呵痒)mynoseandcheeks.FromwhatIobserved,peakfireflypresencehappensforonlyabout20minuteseachnight,soIhadtimeforjustafewtries.
Onthelastnighteverythingcametogether.Theweathercooperated.Ihadimprovedmymethodforfocusingandcomposinginthedarkwithquickflashesfromapowerfulflashlight—andI’dgrownaccustomedtoinsectsonmyface.Iwasrewardedwiththeimageyouseehere.Eachspotoflightisoneofseveralburststhatafireflymakesasittravelsina30-secondexposure.Youcantracetheinsects’paths:
Somemakesmallcircles,likethoseinthebottomcenteroftheframe,whileothersmovesteadilyinonedirectionoranother.
ThefirsttimeIvisitedthefireflies,Ididn’thavethepressureoftryingtocaptureandconveythisastonishingscene.Thatwillalwaysbemyfavoriteexperiencewiththeseshiningcreatures.
56.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormostprobablyisa(n)______.
A.fieldbiologistB.insectobserverC.expertphotographerD.mountainhiker
57.Theauthorplacedthecamerastandonasteepandrockypathto______.
A.makeupforthedyinglightB.keepawayfromtheannoyingfireflies
C.obtainanidealimageD.catchpeakfireflypresence
58.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethattheauthor______.
A.wasaccusedofcapturingwildfireflies
B.enduredphysicallytogetfirst-handfireflyshots
C.wastiredoftheexposuretodarkforests
D.gothismostsatisfyingimageonthesecondnight
59.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhisexperienceintheforest?
A.Fascinating.B.Passionate.C.Surprising.D.Miserable.
56-59CCBA
宝山区
(A)
In2008,someone,orperhapsagroupofpeople,usingthenameSatoshiNakamotopublishedapapertoanonlinegroupthatdiscussedcryptography(密码使用法).Thatpaperdescribedaprocessthatwouldusecryptographytocreateasecureelectroniccashsystem,nowknownasacryptocurrency(加密货币).Persontopersonpaymentscouldbemadeonlineusingasharednetworkofcomputersinsteadofabankorotherfinancialinstitution.Eachdealcouldhappenveryquickly.Thesharednetworkofcomputerswouldalsoserveasthemeanstoprovethosedealssafely.Gettingridoftheneedforacentralizedbankingsystemwouldopenupthepossibilityforanyonetobecomepartofthedigitaleconomy.
Today,therearewelloverathousanddifferentcryptocurrencies.MostarestilltryingtobefeasibleglobalpaymentsystemslikeBitcoin.Theyareheldbackbyproblemsaffectingtheentirecryptocurrencyindustry.
Oneissueisweaksecurityoncryptocurrencywebsiteswhereuserseitherstoretheirelectroniccashinvirtual"wallets"orexchangeonekindofelectroniccashforanother.Inrecentyears,cleve
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