武汉大学期末考试试题.docx
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武汉大学期末考试试题.docx
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武汉大学期末考试试题
武汉大学生命科学学院
2003-2004学年第一学期期末考试
《分子生物学》试卷及参考答案
FinalexamofMolecularBiologyCourse(Spring2004)
写在参考答案前面的话:
Ø该课程考试目的是考查学生对所学知识掌握的情况,除选择题外,其他题目的答案基本都不是唯一的。
你可以从不同的角度去阐明一个概念。
Ø公布参考答案的目的:
为该课程画个句号,让学生过个安心暑假
ØBestwishestoallofyou
PARTI:
DESCRIPTION(2pointseach)
Youranswershoulddescribewhateachitemisandhowitfunctionsinthecell.Diagrams,structureandsequenceinformationshouldbeincludedinyouranswer,asnecessary.
1.Yeastartificialchromosome:
1酵母人工染色体(0.5point)
2containscomponentsrequiredforreplicationandsegregationofthenaturalyeastchromosome,includingtwotelomericsequences(TEL),onecentromere(CEN)andoneautonomouslyreplicatingsequences(ARS)(0.75point)
3containsgenesactasselectivemarkersinyeastandproperrestrictionsites(0.75point)
4canaccommodategenomicDNAfragmentsofmorethan1Mb(0.5point)
2.RNAinterference:
1RNA干扰(0.5point)
2aconservedbiologicalresponsetodouble-strandedRNA(1point)
3regulatestheexpressionofprotein-codinggenesthroughsiRNAormiRNA(1point)
4thedsRNAisrestrictedbyDICER,thenRISCmediatesthesiRNAandmiRNArelatedRNAdegradationandtranslationinhibition,respectively.(1point)
3.Proteomics
1蛋白组学(0.5point)
2Thestudyoftheproteomeusingtechniquesofhighresolutionproteinseparationandidentification(1.5point)
3Apowerfulwaytostudygeneexpressionandfunction(0.5point)
4Thebestseparationmethodistwodimensionalgelelectrophoresis,theindividualproteinspotsarethencutfromthegelandtreatedwithproteasetoproduceasetofpeptidescharacteristicofthatprotein.TheprecisemassesofeachpeptideinthesamplearethendeterminedbyMALDImassspectrometry.Theresultedpeptidemassfingerprintofthatproteinisthencomparedtoadatabasetodeducethefunctionofthatproteinetc.(1.5point)
4.Shine-Dalgarnosequence
1SD序列(0.5point)
2Aconservedsequence8-13ntupstreamofthefirstcodontobetranslated(1point).
3ThissequencewasdiscoveredbyShineandDalgarno(0.5point)
4Thesequenceispurine-richandcontainsallorpartof5’-AGGAGGU-3’(0.5point)
5Canbase-pairwiththe3’-endofthe16SrRNA(0.5point)
5.Alternativesplicing
1可变剪接(0.5point)
2ThegenerationofdifferentmaturemRNAsfromaparticulartypeofgenetranscriptbychoosingdifferent5’-and3’-splicesites(2point).
6.Ribozyme
1核酶(0.5point)
2anRNAmoleculecapableofcatalyzingachemicalreaction(2point).
7.ρ-dependenttermination
1ρ-依赖型转录终止(0.5point)
2Duringbacterialtranscription,someterminatorsitesdonotformstronghairpins,thusterminationofthetranscriptionbybacterialRNApolymeraserequirestheassistanceofanaccessoryfactorcalledrho(ρ)protein(2point).
8.RNAediting
1RNA编辑(0.5point)
2AformofRNAprocessinginwhichnucleotidesequenceoftheprimarytranscriptisalteredbyeitherchanging,insertingordeletingresiduesatthespecificpointsalongthemolecule(2point).
9.DNAlesions
1DNA损伤(0.5point)
2AnalterationtothenormalchemicalorphysicalstructureoftheDNA(2point).
3ThelesionscanleadtocelldeathorDNAmutation(1point).
10.Proteintargeting
1蛋白定位(0.5point)
2Synthesisofeukaryoticproteinsisusuallyoccurredincytoplasm(0.5point).
3However,manyproteinsneedtobetransportedtospecificcellularlocations,suchasnucleus,mitochondrionorchloroplast,toexerttheirbiologicalfunctions.Thisprocessiscalledproteintargeting(1point).
4Theultimatecellularlocationofproteinsisoftendeterminedbyspecific,relativeshort,aminoacidsequenceswithintheproteinsthemselves.Thesequenceinsideofaproteindeterminingthecellularlocationoftheproteiniscalledsignalsequence(1point).
PARTII:
MULTIPLECHOICES(1pointseach)
Selecttheonebestanswerforeachquestion.
1.Thecatalyticactivityforpeptidebondformation(thepeptidyltransferaseactivity)islocatedinthe:
1)RNAofthelargeribosomalsubunit.
2)leadersequenceofthemessengerRNA.
3)RNAofthesmallribosomalsubunit.
4)proteinsofthesmallribosomalsubunit.
5)proteinsofthelargeribosomalsubunit.
2.Bidirectionalandsemi-conservativearetwotermsthatreferto:
1)transcription.
2)translation.
3)replication.
4)alloftheabove.
5)noneoftheabove.
3.Thefactthatmostaminoacidsarespecifiedbymultiplecodonsisknownas:
1)the“wobble”phenomenon.
2)theuniversalityofthegeneticcode.
3)codonbias.
4)theanticodonhypothesis.
5)theredundancyofthegeneticcode.
4.RNApolymeraseIistheeukaryoticenzymeresponsiblefor:
1)transcriptionofribosomalRNA.
2)transcriptionoftransferRNAandothersmallRNAspecies.
3)transcriptionofmessengerRNA.
4)initiationofOkazakifragmentsynthesisinDNAreplication.
5.RestrictionenzymescancleaveDNAthatiseithersingle-strandedordouble-stranded,aslongasitcontainstheappropriaterecognitionsite.
1)True2)False
6.Informationaboutthesequenceofthecodingregionofageneisbestobtainedfrom:
1)aYACclone.
2)agenomicclone.
3)acDNAclone.
4)theprotein.
7.Achromatographymethodthatcanbeusedspecificallytopurifyproteinsbasedontheirchargeis:
1)gelfiltrationchromatography.
2)ion-exchangechromatography.
3)DNAaffinitychromatography.
4)antibodyaffinitychromatography.
8.AnonsensemutationisachangeintheDNAsequencethatresultsin:
1)asmalldeletionorinsertion.
2)anaminoacidchangeintheproteinencodedbythegene.
3)aprematurestopcodon.
4)alloftheabove.
5)noneoftheabove.
9.Aproteincomplexinvolvedindegradationofproteinswithinthecellisknownasthe:
1)ubiquitin/proteasomesystem.
2)molecularchaperone.
3)chaperonin.
4)ribosome.
5)Krebs/TCAcycle.
10.___bindstotherepressorandturnonthetranscriptionofthestructuralgenesintheLacoperon.
1)cAMP
2)lactose
3)allolactose
4)CRP
11.WhichofthefollowingRNAspeciesisinvolvedindegradationofthemRNAcontainingcomplementarysequence
1)miRNA
2)siRNA
3)tRNA
4)5SRNA
5)U3snRNA
12.Thegenomesequencingprojectsareconfirmingthetheorythatgenomesizeisdirectlyproportionaltothenumberofgenescontainedwithinthatgenome.Inotherwords,agenomethatis10timesasbigwillcontainsapproximately10timesasmanyproteincodinggenes.
1)True2)False
13.HeLacells,derivedfromahumancervicalcarcinoma,areabletopropagateindefinitelyincultureandarethereforeknownasa(n):
1)tissueculture.
2)tumor.
3)transgeniccellline.
4)immortalizedcellline.
14.E.colicellsaresmallerthanyeastcells.
1)True2)False
15.WhichofthefollowingdomainsisnotaDNAbindingdomain
1)Proline-richdomains
2)Helix-turnhelixdomains
3)Zincfingerdomains
4)Basicdomains
16.Theaminoacyl-tRNAsynthetasesdistinguishbetweenabout40differentshapedtRNAmoleculesinthecells.
1)True2)False
PARTIII:
SHORTQUESTIONS(8pointseach)
1.Howdobacterialreplicationstartandaccomplished.Remembertoincludetheproteins/enzymesandimportantDNAsequenceinvolvedinthisprocess.
Initiation(3points):
1replicationofthebacterialchromosomeistightlycoupledtothegrowthcycle.
2TheE.colioriginiswithinthegeneticlocusoriCthatcontainsfour9bpbindingsitesfortheinitiatorproteinDnaA.
3SynthesisofDnaAiscoupledtogrowthratesothatthereplicationofthebacterialchromosomeiscoupledtothegrowthcycle.
4OncethecellularlevelofDnaAreachesacriticallevel,DnaAproteinformsacomplexof30-40moleculesattheoriCDNA,whichfacilitatesmeltingofthree13bpAT-richrepeatsequencestoallowbindingofDnaBprotein.
5DnaBproteinisaDNAhelicasethatutilizestheenergyofATPhydrolysistomeltdsDNA.
6ThessDNAcreatedbyDnaBiscoatedwithsingle-strandedbindingprotein(Ssb)toprotectitfrombreakageandtopreventtheDNArenaturing.
7TheDNAprimasethenattachestotheDNAandsynthesizesashortRNAprimertoinitiatesynthesisoftheleadingstrandofthefirstreplicationfork.
Unwinding(1point)
1Forreplicationtoproceedawayfromtheorigin,DNAhelicasesmusttravelalongthetemplatestrandstoopenthedoublehelixforcopying,whichisaccomplishedbythejointeffortsofDnaBandSsb.
2UnwindingcausespositivesupercoilingoftheunwoundDNA;thepositivesupercoilingisrelaxedcontinuouslybytheintroductionoffurthernegativesupercoilsbytypeIItopoisomerasecalledDNAgyrase.
Elongation(3points)
1Initiationofthereplicationofthelaggingstrand.Asthenewlyformedreplicationforkdisplacestheparentallaggingstrand,amobilecomplexcalledaprimosome,whichincludestheDnaBhelicaseandDNAprimase,synthesizesRNAprimersevery1000-2000ntonthelaggingstrand.
2BothleadingandlaggingstrandprimersareelongatedbyDNApolymeraseIIIholoenzyme.Thismultisubunitcomplexisadimmer,onehalfsynthesizingtheleadingstrandandtheotherthelaggingstrand.
3Laggingstrandsynthesis.DNApolymeraseIIIholoenzyme:
αsubunit-theactualpolymerase,ε-a3’→5’proofreadingexonuclease.DNApolymeraseIremovesthelaggingstrandprimersandfillsintheresultedgaps.DNAligasemakesthefinalphosphodiesterbondbetweenfragments.
Terminationandsegregation(1points)
1Tworeplicationforksmeetattheterminatorsites(terminus)
2tusgeneproductbindstotheterminusandactsasaninhibitorofDnaBhelicase.
3Whenreplicationiscompleted,thetwointerlinkeddaughtercirclesareunlinkedbytopoisomeraseIV.
2.Designexperimentstocloneayeastgeneandexpressthisgeneinyeast.
Clone(4points):
1PCRamplificationofthe
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