物流专业英语.docx
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物流专业英语.docx
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物流专业英语
1.Diditsurpriseyouthatlogisticscanbesuchanimportantcomponentinacountry’seconomicsystem?
Whyorwhynot?
它构成了一个国家至少10%的GDP、对于经济增长有很重要的作用
Theanswertothisquestionlikelydependsonastudent’spriorexposuretologistics.A“typical”studentinanundergraduatebasiclogisticscourselikelyhashadlimitedexposuretoandknowledgeaboutlogisticsandthuswouldlikelybeunawareastologistics’impactonacountry’seconomicsystem.Assuch,she/hemightbepleasantlysurprisedtolearnthatlogisticsoftenaccountsforatleast10%ofacountry’sGDPandalsoisimportantforeconomicgrowthanddevelopment.
2.Distinguishbetweenpossession,form,time,andplaceutility.
Possessionutilityreferstothevalueorusefulnessthatcomesfromacustomerbeingabletotakepossessionofaproductandcanbeinfluencedbytherelevantpaymentterms.Formutilityreferstoaproduct’sbeinginaformthat
(1)canbeusedbythecustomerand
(2)isofvaluetothecustomer.Timeutilityreferstohavingproductsavailablewhentheyareneededbycustomerswhileplaceutilityreferstohavingproductsavailablewheretheyareneededbycustomers.
3.Howdoeslogisticscontributetotimeandplaceutility?
时间效用:
不同产品有不同的时间敏感度,香蕉和铅笔;地点效用:
把产品从价至少的地方运到价值大的地方。
Logisticscontributestotimeutilitybyrecognizingthatdifferentproductshavedifferentsensitivitiestotime.Forexample,athree-daylatedeliveryofbananaslikelyhasmoreseriousconsequencesthanathree-daylatedeliveryofaboxofpencils.Asforplaceutility,logisticsfacilitatesproductsbeingmovedfrompointsoflesservaluetopointsofgreatervalue.
4.Howcanaparticularlogisticssystembeeffectivebutnotefficient?
能不能实现实现得好不好
Effectivenesscanbethoughtofas“howwellacompanydoeswhattheysaythey’regoingtodo;”efficiencyfocusesonhowwell(orpoorly)companyresourcesareusedtoachievewhatacompanypromisestheycando.Thereareamultitudeofexamplesthatwouldillustrateaneffective,butnotefficient,logisticssystem.Forexample,somecompaniesroutinelyusepremiumand/orexpeditedtransportation—whichincreasetransportationcosts—tomeetcustomerdeliveryrequirements.Assuch,thecompanycouldbeconsideredeffective(meetingdeliverydeadlines)butperhapsnotefficient(increasedtransportationcosts).
5.Explainthesignificanceofthefactthatthepurposeoflogisticsistomeetcustomerrequirements.
公司要想发展必须和客户交流,知道他们的需求而不是猜测;不同的客户有不同的需求,不能用单一类型单一规格的服务来对所有顾客。
Onereasonforthissignificanceisthatmeetingcustomerrequirementsmeansthatcompaniesmustknow—ratherthanassume—customerneedsandwants.Thisknowledgeisfacilitatedbycommunicationbetweencompaniesandtheircustomers.Eventodaysomecompaniesarehesitanttocommunicatewithcustomers.Inaddition,meetingcustomerrequirementsmeansthata“onesizefitsall”approachtologisticswillresultinsomecustomersbeingoverservedandothersbeingunderserved.Asaresult,companiesshouldconsidera“tailoredlogistics”approach,wheregroupsofcustomerswithsimilarlogisticalneedsandwantsareprovidedwiththeappropriatelogisticalservices.
6.Explainhowanunderstandingoflogisticsmanagementcouldberelevanttoyourfavoritecharitableorganization.慈善机构
例如9。
11例如印度洋海啸如果物流不好的话慈善机构就无法在短时间内正常救援,物流能带来药品、食物、衣物等
Thereareanynumberofexamplesthatcanbeused.ConsidertheAsiantsunamioflate2004.Inarelativelyshorttime,avarietyofhumanitarianorganizations,withthehelpofprivatesectorcompanies,wereabletogetreliefsuppliesaswellasfoodandmedicineintotheregionanddistributethemtotheaffectedpopulation.
7.Discussthreereasonsforwhylogisticshasbecomemoreimportantsince1980.
经济管制的减少;消费者行为的改变;科学技术的发展;零售商力量的崛起;全球化
Onereasonfortheincreasedimportanceoflogisticsinvolvesareductionineconomicregulation.Thisallowedindividualcarriersflexibilityintermsofpricingandserviceandprovidedthemwithanopportunitytobreakawayfroma“onesizefitsall”approach.Second,changesinconsumerbehavior,suchasanincreasingnumberofmarketsegments,necessitateflexibleratherthanrigidlogisticssystems.Third,technologicaladvanceshaveallowedlogisticianstomakefaster,moreinformed,andmoreaccuratedecisions.Thechapteralsodiscussesthegrowingpowerofretailersandglobalizationoftradeasreasonsfortheincreasedimportanceoflogistics.
8、Whichreasonfortheincreasedimportanceoflogisticsdoyoubelieveismostimportant?
Why?
Thereisnosingleanswerhere.Studentscanoffercompellingsupportforanyoneofthefivereasons—areductionineconomicregulation;changesinconsumerbehavior;technologicaladvances;growingpowerofretailers;globalizationoftrade—presentedinthechapter.Forexample,areductionineconomicregulationhasallowedcarrierstoofferdifferentpricing-serviceoptionstodifferentcustomers,whichisimportantbecausedifferentcustomersaretryingtoachievedifferentobjectiveswiththeirlogisticalsystems.
9、Whataresomepracticalimplicationsoftheideathatonelogisticssystemdoesnotfitallcompanies?
物流目标应该和一个公司的整体目标相一致;不同公司有不同的目标。
Theideathatonelogisticssystemdoesnotfitallcompaniesisderivedfromthefactthatlogisticalgoalsandobjectivesshouldbecompatiblewiththeoverallgoalsandobjectivesofaparticularcompany.Onebasicimplicationisthatdifferentcompaniesshouldhavedifferentlogisticalstrategiesandtactics—andthesestrategiesandtacticsshouldreflectacompany’sgoalsandobjectives.Assuch,acompanyfocusingoncostcontainmentshouldhavedifferentlogisticsstrategiesandtacticsthanacompanyfocusingonsuperiorcustomerservice.Forinstance,acompanyconcernedwithcostcontainmentmightpurchaseanextremelylargequantityinordertoreceivecostsavings.Thisdecisionimpactswarehousingandtransportationinthesensethatthecompanywilllikelyneedagreatdealofstoragespaceandwilllikelyutilizevolume-orientedtransportationproviders.Additionalimplicationscanbeoffered.
10、Distinguishbetweeninboundlogistics,materialsmanagement,andphysicaldistribution.
材料进入和存储进一个公司;公司内对材料和零件的管理;成品走向顾客。
Inboundlogisticsreferstothemovementandstorageofmaterialsintoafirm;materialsmanagementreferstothemovementandstorageofmaterialsandcomponentswithinafirm;physicaldistributionreferstothestorageoffinishedproductandmovementtothecustomer.
11、Whatisthesystemsapproachtoproblemsolving?
Howisthisconceptapplicabletologisticsmanagement?
分析公司各职能部门之间的相互依赖性,从而实现公司目标。
一个部门的决定可能影响到其他职能部门的运转,所以要分析部门之间的相互依赖。
运输部的一个决定可能影响仓储、包装等
Thesystemsapproachtoproblemsolvingsuggeststhatacompany’sobjectivescanberealizedbyrecognizingthemutualinterdependenceofthemajorfunctionalareassuchasmarketing,production,finance,andlogistics.Assuch,decisionsmadebyonefunctionalareacanhaveimportantimplicationsfortheotherfunctionalareas.Withrespecttologistics,thesystemsapproachsuggeststhatoneshouldrecognizethemutualinterdependenceofthevariousactivitiesthatconstitutethelogisticsfunction.Thus,atransportationdecisionmayimpactinventory,warehousing,andpackaging,amongothers.
12、Explainwhatismeantbythetotalcostapproachtologistics.
总成本研究方法要把各个活动看做一个整体研究,要对成本权衡,一个活动的成本增加不代表总成本增加,其他活动成本可能减少,从而总成本减少。
Thetotalcostapproachtologisticsisbuiltonthepremisethatallrelevantactivitiesinmovingandstoringproductsshouldbeconsideredasawhole(i.e.,theirtotalcost)andnotindividually.Useofthetotalcostapproachrequiresanunderstandingofcosttradeoffs.Inotherwords,changestoonelogisticsactivitycausesomecoststoincreaseandotherstodecrease.Thekeytothetotalcostapproachisthatallrelevantcostitemsareconsideredsimultaneouslywhenmakingadecision.Theobjectiveistofindtheapproachwiththelowesttotalcostthatsupportstheorganization’scustomerservicerequirements.
13、Definewhatismeantbyacosttrade-off.Doyoubelievethatthisconceptisworkable?
Whyorwhynot?
改变一个活动的形式可能导致一些成本增加其他成本减少,然而,目的是总成本减少、顾客服务不受影响。
Acosttrade-offacknowledgesthatchangingpatternsoractivitiesofdistributionwillresultinsomecostsincreasingandothercostsdecreasing.Theneteffect,however,shouldbeanoverallcostdecreaseforprovidingagivenlevelofcustomerservice.
Theremainderofthequestionasksthestudentforher/hisopinionabouttheworkabilityofthisconcept.Althoughnearlyanyanswerisacceptable,thosestudentswhobelievethatcosttrade-offsareunworkablemighthavedifficultywithmanyoftheconceptspresentedthroughoutthetext.
14、Whatareseveralareasinwhichfinanceandlogisticsmightinterface?
财务影响物流,比如材料处理和包装生产;另外一个借口就是存货。
Thefinancedepartmentisofteninchargeofcapitalbudgetingdecisionsthatwouldaffectlogistics,suchasmaterialshandlingandpackagingequipment.Anotherpotentialareaoffinance/logisticsinterfaceiswithrespecttoinventory.Keyissuesincludeinventoryvaluation,inventoryfloat,andthefactthatfinancetendstoviewinventoryfromadollarperspectivewhilelogisticstendstobemoreconcernedwiththenumberofunitsofinventory.
15、Brieflydiscusseachofthefourbasicaspectsofthemarketingmixandhoweachinterfaceswiththelogisticsfunction.Inyouropinion,whichcomponentofthemarketingmixrepresentsthemostimportantinterfacewithlogistics?
Why?
4P地点(3R时间、数量、无损坏)、价格(运输成本)、产品(种类越来越多,选择越来越多,对物流的要求越来越高)、促销(要求销售和物流衔接得更好)。
Thefourbasicaspectsofthemarketingmixareplace,price,product,andpromotion.Withrespecttoplace,akeyconcernistoprovideacertainproductattherighttime,intherightquantities,andinanundamagedcondition.Akeycomponento
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