英语词汇学期末复习资料.docx

英语词汇学期末复习资料.docx

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英语词汇学期末复习资料

1、选择题（2×15=30）

2、填空题（2×5=10）

3、搭配题（1×10=10）

4、名词解释题（4×5=20）

5、问题回答（5×3=15）

6、论述题（第39题7分，第40题8分）

选择题：

1.Whichofthefollowingisaninitialism?

D.UN

2.ThefollowingareallnominalsuffixesEXCEPTA.–ful.

3．BothEnglishandB.DanishbelongtotheGermanticbranchoftheIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily.

4.AffixesaddedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammatikrelationshipsareknownasC.inflectionalmorphemes.

5.Motiationaccountsfortheconnectionbetweenword-formandC.itsmeaning.

6.AmbiguityoftenarisesduetopolysemyandC.homonymy.

7.AffixesattachedtoothermorphemestocreatenewwordsareknownasB.derivationalaffixes.

8.ThesemanticunityofidiomsisreflectedintheA.illogicalrelationshipbetweentheliteralmeaningofeachwordandthemeaningoftheidiomasinraincatsanddogs.

9.Usuallyasmallnumberoflanguageshavebeendesignatedofficiallanguagesforanorganization’sactivities,forexample,theUNwasestablishedwithfiveofficiallanguagesEnglish,French,A.SpanishRussian,andChinese.中英俄法西

填空题

Ⅱ.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressions

1.affixationIstheformationofnewwordsbyaddingprefixestobases.

2.Back-formationIsconsideredtobroppositeprocesssuffixationitisthemethodofcreatingwordsbyremovingthesupposedsuffixes.

3.Isolatinglanguageisalanguageinwhicheachwordformconsiststypicallyofasingemorpheme.

4.Whenawordwithmorethanonemeaningisusedinunclearcontext.itcreatesambiguity.

5.Almostallaffixesareboundmorphemesbecausefewasindependentwords.

搭配题

Ⅲ.MatchthetermsinColumnAwithdefinitionsinColumnB.

AB

1.geomorphicearthlike

2.zooidresemblingananimal

3.geochronologytimemeasurementsfromearthdata

4.technocracygovernmentbycraftsmen

5.petrographiccaringonarock

6.polymorphhavingmanyshapes

7.phonographyrecordingofsound

8.phytogenesisdevelopmentofplants

9.synergyworkingtogether

10.geocentricearth-centered

11.magnanimous宽宏大量的

12.penology刑罚学

13.inculpable无辜的；无可非议的

14.revitalizebringtothelife

15.cosmonautsailoroftheuniverse

16.enervatereducementalvigor

17.herbicideplantkiller

18subterranean地下的;秘密的;隐蔽的;地下工作者

19.deviatemovefromtheroad

20.semilunarcrescent-shaped

名词解释题

Ⅳ.Definethefollowingterms.

Word:

willcoverfourpoints:

aminimalfreefromofalanguage;asoundunity;aunitofmeaning;aformthatcanfunctioninasentence

Morpheme:

istheminimalmeaningfulunitsofwhichthelanguageiscomposed.

Compounding:

alexicalunitconsistingofmorethanonestemandfunctioningbothgrammaticallyadsemanticallyasasingleword.

Semanticmotivation:

referstothementalassociationssuggestedbytheconceptualmeaningofaword.

Extra-linguisticcontext:

mayextendtoembracetheentireculturalbackground,whichmayalsoaffectthemeaningofwords.

Prefixation:

theformationofnewwordsbyaddingprefixestobasesAffixation:

theformationofnewwordsbyaddingword-formingaffixestobases.

Sematicchange:

meansanoldform,whichtakesonanewmeaningtometthenewneed.

Conceptualmeaning:

isthemeaninggiveninthedictionaryandformsthecoreofwordmeaning.

Acronymy:

istheprocessofformingnewwordsbypointingtheinitiallettersofnamesofsocialandpoliticalorganizationsorspecialnounphrasesandtechnicalterms.

Homonymy:

aregenerallydefinedaswordsdifferentinmeaningbuteitheridenticalbothinsoundandspellingoridenticalonlyinsoundorspelling.

Dictionary:

abookwhichpresentsinalphabeticorderthewordsofthelanguage,withinformationastoitsspelling,pronunciation,meaninganditsetymology.

问题回答

Ⅴ.Answerthefollowingquestions，writeyouranswersontheanswersheet.

2.Howwouldyouexplainthedifferencebetweenbackformationandsuffixation?

Giveexamplestoillustrateyourpoint?

Back-formationisconsideredtobetheoppositeprocessofsuffixation,it’sthemethodofcreatingwordsbyremovingthesupposedsuffixes.

Suffixationistheformationofnewwordsbyaddingsuffixestobases.

Forexample:

Inform-imforantdonation-donateenthusiasm-enthuse

3.Whatarethethreetypesofantonyms,giveexamplestoillustratethemrespectively?

Complementary:

dead-alivepresent-absentmale-female

Contrary:

poor-richgood-badcold-hot

Converse:

parent-childhusband-wifeemployer-employee

5.Whatarethreeareastoaccountforthedifferencebetweensynonyms?

illustrateyourpoints?

Differentindenotation符号,connotation含义,application应用

6.Whatarethemajordifferencesbetweenbasicwordstock基本词汇andnonbasic非基本vocabulary?

（1）basicwordstockpossessesfiveobviouscharacteristics,butnonbasicvocabularydoesn’t

（2）basicwordstockformsthecommon,core核心ofthelanguage,however,nonbasicvocabularydoesn’tbelongtothecommonoreofthelanguage.

7.Howmanymeansofwordformationandwhattheyare?

3Majorprocesses

Affixation（派生）Compounding（合成）Conversion（转化）

8Minorprocesses:

Acronym（首字母缩略词）Blending（混合）Clipping（截短法）

Wordsfrompropernames（专有名词来源）Backformation（逆构法）

Reduplication（复制）Neo-classicalFormation（新古典词构成法）

Miscellaneous（混杂法）

8.whatarethedifferencebetweenwordandvocabulary?

（1）wordcanbedefinedasameaningfulgroupoflettersprintedorwrittenhorizontallyacross水平穿越apieceofpaper.

（2）vocabularyismostcommonlyusedtorefertothesumtotalof总计allthewordsofalanguage.

9.Whatiscollocativemeaning?

giveoneexampletoillustrateyourpoint?

Collocativemeaningconsistsoftheassociationsawordacquiresinitscollocation.Inotherwords,itisthatpartoftheword-meaningsuggestedbywordsbeforeorfterthewordindiscussion.

Forexample,Handsome（boy/car/man）

论述题

Ⅵ.Analyzeandcommentonthefollowingquestions，writeyouranswersontheanswer.

1.Analyzethemorphologicalstructuresofthefollowingwordsandpointoutthetypesofthemorphemes.

1Destructive2antibiotic3composition4unbearable5international6ex-prisoner

1de+struct+tive2anti+bio+tic3com+po+si+tion4un+bear+able5inter+bation+nal6ex+prison+er

mentonthefollowingpairsofsentencesintermsofsuperordinateandsubordinates.

a.themansaidhewouldcometoourschoolnextweek.

b.thevisitingscholarsaidhewouldvisitouruniversitynextMonday.

3.Collocationcanaffectthemeaningofwords.Commentonthestatementwithyourownwords.

Collocationreferstothewordsbeforeorafterthewordindiscussion,andcollocativemeaningconsistsoftheassociationsthewordacquiresinitscollocation.

4.the‘pen‘ismightierthanthe‘sword’.explainwhat‘pen’and‘sword’meanrespectivelyusingthetheoryofmotivation.

‘pen’remindsoneofthetooltowritewith,thussuggestingwriting;‘sword’remindsoneoftheweapontofightwith,thussuggestionwar.

Chapter1

1、ItisgenerallyknownthatTheAnglo-Saxoninvasion,theScandinavianinvasionandtheNormanConquestwerethreeofthemostimportantlandmarksinthehistoryoftheEnglishpeopleaswellasinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.

2、TheEnglishvocabularycanbeclassifiedbydifferentcriteria,accordingtothelevelofnotion,Englishcanbeclassifiedasfullword实词andformword虚词.

3、Whatarethefourpointsdoesthedefinitionofawordcover?

minimalfreeformofalanguage

asoundunity

aunitofmeaning

aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentence

chapter2

----Itisestimatedthatthereareabout_5000___languagesallovertheworld,whichcanbegroupedintoabout__25__languagefamilies,suchasSino-TibetanFamily,Indo-EuropeanFamily,AltaicFamily阿尔泰语系（包括土耳其语、维吾尔语、蒙古语、满语等语言）andsoon.

---Q：

WhatlanguagesdoesIndo-Europeanfamilyhost？

TheIndo-EuropeanFamilyhostsmostlanguagesofEurope,theNearEast,andIndia.

----HowmanygroupscanIndo-Europeanfamilybedividedintoaccordingtothelinguists？

LinguistshavedividedtheIndo-EuropeanlanguagesintoEasternsets（groups）andWesternsets（groups）.

-----Q：

Generally，HowmanystagescanthedevelopmentofEnglishvocabularybedividedinto？

Whatarethey？

OldEnglish

MiddleEnglish

ModernEnglish

EarlymodernEnglish

LatemodernEnglish

Theperiodfrom450to1100isknownastheOldEnglishperiodortheAnglo-Saxonperiod.

TheCelticlanguageoriginallyspokeninthatareawasreplacedbytheWestGermanicdialectsspokenbytheinvaders,astheoriginalinhabitants（theCelts）werekilled,wererelocated,oradoptedthelanguageofthenowdominantsociety.

----Roughlyspeaking,thetribesthatsettledinBritaincomprisethreegroups:

theAngles,theSaxons,andtheJutes.

---NormanconquestresultedinamassiveborrowingofFrenchwordsintoEnglishvocabulary.

--WhatisthesecondresultofNormanconquest?

TheNormandialectofFrenchbecamethelanguageoftheupperclass,whileEnglishcompletelylostitsscholarlyandliteraryimportance,andwasusedonlybythepeasantsandpeopleoftheworkingclass.

---Q：

WhatlanguagescontributedtothevocabularyofmodernEnglish？

Whatcharacteristicsdothoselanguageshave？

LatinandGreek，theformerlanguageweremostlyconnectedwithscienceandabstractideas，whilethelatterweremostlyliterary，technicalandscientificwords.

---Q：

Whatarethereasonsforthefrequentappearanceofneologisms?

1、Therapiddevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology.

2、Social，economic，andpoliticalchanges.

3、Theinfluenceofotherculturesandlanguages.

1、TheAngleslenttheirnametothelanguage—English,andtotheland—England.

Chapter3

Q1：

WhatisthemorphemeaccordingtoEngeneNida？

Theminimalmeaningfulunitsofwhichthelanguageiscomposed.

Inotherwords，themorphemeisthesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwords.

Canyoufigureoutthreebasicelementsof