考研英语语法基础班讲义何威威.docx
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考研英语语法基础班讲义何威威.docx
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考研英语语法基础班讲义何威威
2015考研英语语法基础班讲义
一、基本词性及其用法
二、基本句型
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【注意】
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2015考研英语语法基础班讲义(何威威老师主讲)
2015考研英语语法基础班讲义(何威威老师主讲)
三、时态
(一)一般现在时
【用法】表示经常性或习惯性的动作、现在的特征和状态、普遍真理等。
【谓语形式】do或does
例:
Myfathergetsupatsixeveryday.
Helovessports.
Knowledgeispower.
(二)一般过去时
【用法】表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况,包括过去的习惯性动作。
常与表示过去的时间状语连用。
如:
aminute
ago,yesterday,lastweek,in1990,duringthenight,inthosedays.
【谓语形式】did
例:
Johnsuddenlyfellillyesterday.(fall-fell-fallen)
Hewentoutjustnow.
(三)一般将来时
【用法】一般将来时主要表示准备做的事、将要发生的动作情况、按计划安排要发生的事。
【谓语形式】1.begoingtodo2.will/shalldo3.betodo
4.beaboutto
例:
Ishall/willcallyoutomorrow.
Wearegoingtothezootomorrow.
Thefactoryistogointoproduction.
Heisabouttoleave.
(四)现在进行时
【用法】表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。
可与now=atpresent=atthismoment=atthemoment;thesedays、recently
等时间状语连用。
【谓语形式】bedoing
例:
Whatareyoudoing?
.
2
◆【注意】动词go,come,leave,start,arrive,die等瞬间动词用于进行时态中,表示将来含义。
考研英语语法基础班讲义(何威威老师主讲)
例:
Thebusisleaving,pleasehurryup.
Myuncleiscomingtoseeusthisweekend.
TheboyisleavingforBeijingtomorrow.(leavefor+目的地:
动身去某地)
(五)过去进行时
【用法】表示过去某个时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作。
【谓语形式】was/were+doing
例:
Hewaspracticingthepianothistimeyesterdayevening.
WhenIcalledhim,hewashavinghisbreakfast.
(六)将来进行时
【用法】表示在未来的某个时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作。
【谓语动词】will/shallbedoing
例:
Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow?
(七)现在完成时
【用法】1、表示发生在过去对现在有影响的动作(动作已完成);
2、从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在,可能还会持续下去的动作或状态。
【谓语形式】have/has+done。
例:
Thecarhasarrived.
Shehasbeenillforaweek.
◆【注意】
1.come,go,leave,arrive,begin,start,become,join,getup等短暂动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,这些动作需
用表示状态的词替代。
例:
Myunclehascomebackfortwodays.
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Thetrainhasleftforanhour.
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Thetwinbrothershavejoinedthearmyforthreeyears.
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Thefilmhasbegunfortenminutes.
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Wehavegotupfortwohours.
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2.havebeento与havegoneto的区别
havebeento表示"去过某地"或"去干过某事",人现在已经回来了;havegoneto表示"去某地了"或"去干某事了",
人还没有回来。
例:
Hehasbeentothelibrary.
Hehasgonetothelibrary.
(八)过去完成时
【用法】表示以过去某个时间为基点在这个时间基点之前进行的动作(即过去的过去,必须有一个过去的时间为基点)
【谓语形式】haddone
例:
Whenwegottothetheatre,theplayhadalreadystarted.
Bytheendofthatyearwehadtrainedmorethan1,000employees.
3
2015
(九)将来完成时
2015考研英语语法基础班讲义(何威威老师主讲)
【用法】表示在将来某一时间点之前完成的动作,并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。
【谓语形式:
】will/shallhavedone
例:
Ishallhavefinishedreadingthebookbytheendofthisweek.
Beforelong,hewillhaveforgottenallaboutthematter.(beforelong不久)
Whenwegettherethey'llprobablyhaveleft.
(十)现在完成进行时
【用法】比现在完成时更加强调动作的不间断进行,该动作可能仍在进行,也可能已经完成。
【谓语形式】have/hasbeendoing
例:
We'vejustbeentalkingaboutyou.
I'vebeensittinghereallafternoon.
Howlonghasitbeensnowing?
(十一)过去完成进行时
【用法】比过去完成时更加强调动作的不间断进行,必须有一个过去的时间为基点。
【谓语形式】hadbeendoing
例:
IhadbeenlookingforitforfourdaysbeforeIfoundit.
Thetelephonehadbeenringingforthreeminutesbeforeitwasanswered..
Atlastwegottheletterwehadbeenexpecting.
(十二)将来完成进行时
【用法】比将来完成时更加强调动作的不间断进行。
【谓语形式】shall/willhavebeendoing
例:
Ishallhavebeenworkingasateacherfortenyearsbytheendofthisyear.
(十三)过去将来时
【用法】表示在过去某个时间打算要做的事,或从过去某个时间看来将要发生的事(站在过去看未来)
【谓语形式】1.was/weregoingtodo
2.would/shoulddo3.was/weretodo4.was/wereabouttodo
例:
Hesaidhewouldcomebackthenextday.
Heinformedusthetrainwastoleaveatsix.
Ididn'tknowwhentheyweregoingtocomeagain.
Hewasabouttogettherewhenitbegantorain.
四、被动语态
被动语态的构成:
be+过去分词
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
将来进行时
am/is/aredone
was/weredone
shall/willbedone
am/is/arebeingdone
was/werebeingdone
shall/willbebeingdone
4
现在完成时
过去完成时
将来完成时
过去将来时
情态动词
have/hasbeendone
hadbeendone
shall/willhavebeendone
should/wouldbedone
情态动词+bedone
2015考研英语语法基础班讲义(何威威老师主讲)
◆有些动词,如let,make,hear,see,watch,notice,have(让,使),feel等,在主动语态中,其后面的不定式作宾语补足
语时to被省略,但在被动语态中需将to表达出来。
例1:
Isawhimturnroundthecorner.
→Hewasseentoturnroundthecorner.
例2:
Theteachermadethestudentscopythesentencesmanytimes.
→Thestudentsweremadetocopythesentencesmanytimes
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五、主从复合句
(一)名词性从句
1.主语从句
【位置】_______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
【连词】1)_____________________________________________________________________________________________
2)____________________________________________________________________________________________
3)____________________________________________________________________________________________
例:
Whatshesaidisright.
Howtheprisonerescapedisamystery.
Itiscertainthatwewillwinthematch.或Thatwewillwinthematchiscertain.
Whetherheiscomingornotdoesn’tmatter.
5
【真题链接】
2015考研英语语法基础班讲义(何威威老师主讲)
1.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.(2006Text3)
2.Whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsformthecommon
ancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.(2005Text1)
3.Itturnsoutthatthepeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmayhaveledtomisleadinginterpretationsofwhat
happened.(2010UseofEnglish)
2.宾语从句
【位置】_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【连词】1)____________________________________________________________________________________________
2)____________________________________________________________________________________________
3)____________________________________________________________________________________________
例:
Theytoldusagainthatthesituationwasserious.
Idon'tknowif/whetheryoucouldhelpmetomorrow.
IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.
Wearenotsurewhetherwecanpersuadehimoutofsmoking.
Weallthoughtitapitythatyouhadfailedtheexam.
Canyoutellmewhatyouwant?
【真题链接】
1.Tofilteroutwhatisuniquefromwhatissharedmightenableustounderstandhowcomplexculturalbehavioraroseand
whatguidesitinevolutionaryorcognitiveterms.(2012翻译)
2.Thismayalsoexplainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells—wesimplydonotneedtobe.(2005Useof
English)
3.Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?
(2003Text3)
4.Darwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappiness,butmightpossiblybeinjurioustothe
intellect,andmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter.(2008翻译)
5.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbeacceptedasimpartialjudgments.(2012Useof
English)
3.表语从句
【位置】_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【连词】1)_____________________________________________________________________________________________
2)____________________________________________________________________________________________
3)____________________________________________________________________________________________
例:
Myideaisthatweshouldgohomeearly.
Theproblemiswhethertheyarewillingtohelpus.
6
That'swhywehadtoputoffthemeeting.
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