高考英语 阅读理解 培优 易错 难题练习含答案及答案.docx
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高考英语 阅读理解 培优 易错 难题练习含答案及答案.docx
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高考英语阅读理解培优易错难题练习含答案及答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.(2019•北京)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.
Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.
Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.
StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener."Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging."shesaid,"butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging."
(1)Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?
A. Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.
B. Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.
C. Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.
D. Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"vulnerable"inParagraph3probablymean?
A. Sensitive
B. Beneficial
C. Significant
D. Unnoticeable
(3)Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A. Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges
C. Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate
D. Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.
(4)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
A. Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges
B. Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain
C. Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans
D. Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,一项最新研究表明,由于气候变暖,世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。
这一现象是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物,因为光线反射的作用,它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。
但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响,气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征,并影响浮游植物的生长。
(1)段落大意题。
第一段“Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.”可知,到本世纪末,一项新的研究表明,由于气候变暖,如果不尽快的话,世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。
再根据第二段中的“Attheheartphenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganismscalledphytoplankton.Becaustofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktonscreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentration”可知,这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物,在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。
海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等,这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。
由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。
故选B。
(2)词义猜测题。
根据第三段中的“Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunshineandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.”可知,气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征,并会影响浮游植物的生长。
由此可判断“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swamningtrend”可知,浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。
故选A。
(3)推理判断题。
根据第四段中的“Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittle phytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener”,可知Dutkiewicz的模型预测,目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。
但是在一些水域,比如北极,气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟,而这些水域会变得更绿了”。
由此可推断,浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟,浮游动植物就更多了,这些水域会变得更绿了。
故选D。
(4)主旨大意题。
第一段提出文章的主旨“Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.”可知到本世纪末。
一项新的研究表明,由于气候变暖,如果不尽快的话,世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。
再结合第三段“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarningtrendWarmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,…”可知,“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趋势的影响,变暖改变了海洋的关键特征,并能影响浮游植物的生长”。
可知本文主要解释气候变化对海洋及其植物的影响。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断,词义猜测,段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Accordingtoateamofresearchers,ananimal'sabilitytoperceive(感知)timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.
"Ourresultslendsupporttotheimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmovingcreatures."commentedleadauthorKevinHealyfromTrinityCollegeDublin.
Thestudywasdonewithavarietyofanimalsusingphenomenonbasedonthemaximumspeedofflashesoflightanindividualcanseebeforethelightsourceisseenasconstant.Dogs,forexample,haveeyeswitharefreshratehigherthanhumans.
Oneexampleofthisphenomenonatwork,theauthorssay,isthehouseflyanditsabilitytoavoidbeinghit.Theresearchshowedflies"observemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachieve,"whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.
ProfessorGraemeRuxtonoftheUniversityofStAndrewsinScotland,whoworkedjointlyontheresearchproject,saidinastatement,"Havingeyesthatsendupdatestothebrainatmuchhigherfrequenciesthanoureyesdoisofnovalueifthebraincannotprocessthatinformationequallyquickly.Thus,thisworkhighlightstheimpressiveabilitiesofeventhesmallestanimalbrains.Fliesmightnotbedeepthinkers,buttheycanmakegooddecisionsveryquickly."
Incomparison,thetigerbeetle(虎甲虫)runsfasterthanitseyescankeepup,basicallybecomingblind,whichrequiresittostopperiodicallytore-evaluateitsprey's(猎物)position.
Ourresultssuggestthattimeperceptionoffersanasyetunstudieddimensionalongwhichanimalscanspecializeandthereisconsiderablerangetostudythissysteminmoredetail.
(1)Whatistheresearchmentionedinthepassagemainlyabout?
A. Paceoflifeofanimals. B. Impressiveabilitiesofanimals.
C. Lifetimeofsmallanimals.
D. Timeperceptionofanimals.
(2)WhatdoesKevinHealy'scommentmeaninPara.2?
A. Thesurvivaloffastmovinganimalsreliesontheirabilitytoperceivetime.
B. Animalswithquickerpaceoflifehavebetterperceptionoftime.
C. Theabilityofanimalstoperceivetimedependsontheirhighmovingspeed.
D. Animalswithpoorabilityoftimeperceptionhaveashorterlife.
(3)Whycanhousefliesavoidbeinghit?
A. Theycanthinkverydeeplybeforetheyact.
B. Theycanprocesstheinformationasquicklyastheyreceiveit.
C. Theycanflymuchfasterthantheireyescankeepup.
D. Theycansendinformationtobrainmorequicklythantotheireyes.
(4)Whatwillatigerbeetlehavetodotocatchamovingprey?
A. Slowdowntogainitstimeperception. B. Preventitselffrombecomingblind.
C. Stopoccasionallytospotthepreyagain. D. Trytorunasfastasitcan.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)A
(3)B
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了对动物时间感知的研究。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Accordingtoateamofresearchers,ananimal'sabilitytoperceive(感知)timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.”可知,据一组研究人员称,动物感知时间的能力与它们的生活节奏有关,由此可知,文中提到的这个研究是关于动物的时间感知的,故选D。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“theimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmovingcreatures.”可知,对于能快速移动的动物而言,在极短的时间内感知时间的能力可能是生与死的区别,由此可知,KevinHealy说的意思是快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它们对时间的感知能力,故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Theresearchshowedflies‘observemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachieve,’whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.”可知,家蝇观察物体运动的时间比我们人眼所能达到的时间要短,这使得它们能够避免被击中;再结合第五段中的“buttheycanmakegooddecisionsveryquickly.”可知,它们可以很快做出好的决定,也就是说它们可以尽快处理收到的信息,故选B。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的“thetigerbeetle(虎甲虫)runsfasterthanitseyescankeepup,basicallybecomingblind,whichrequiresittostopperiodicallytore-evaluateitsprey's(猎物)position”可知,虎甲虫的移动比眼睛快,基本上是盲目的,这就要求它不时地停下来,重新评估猎物的位置,由此可知,为了抓住移动的猎物,虎甲虫需要不时地停下来确定猎物的位置,故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
TheLargestWorldFairsofAllTime
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Expositionliniverselle—Paris,1900
TheExpositionUniversellewasoneoftheearliestexpositionstofeaturemultiplecountrieswithFranceinvitingvariouscountriestodisplaytheirtechnologicaladvancementsandculturalheritage.ExpositionUniversellewasthebirthplaceofmanyinventionsthatweenjoytodayincludingescalators(自动扶梯)andtalkingfilms.
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Expo'70wasthebiggestexpositionofthe20thcenturyandthesecondlargestinhistory.Expo70hadarecordattendanceofover64millionvisitors,a40-yearrecordthatwouldnotbebroken
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