Taiwaneseyouthsintransitionfromschooltoworkperspec.docx
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Taiwaneseyouthsintransitionfromschooltoworkperspec.docx
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Taiwaneseyouthsintransitionfromschooltoworkperspec
TaiwaneseYouthsinTransitionfromSchooltoWork:
PerspectivesofAdler’sWorkTask
Shu-ChenWu,Wen-QuingTang,Yi-HsuanYin,Yuh-YinWu,Ying-ShiChang
OfficeofTeacherEducationandCareersService
NationalTaiwanNormalUniversity..162,sec,1,He-PingE.Rd.Taipei10610,Taiwan
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Abstract
WorkwasdescribedbyAdlerasoneofthemajorlifetasks.BasedoncareeradaptabilityandTaiwanculture,thestudycollectedperceivedcareerpreparationfromadiversesampleof631Taiwaneseadolescentsintransitionfromschooltowork.Resultsrevealed:
Theoverallperceptionlevelofcareerpreparationfromtheadolescentsintransitionstagewasaverage,withthelowestpreparationperceptionin“careerorientation”and“careerconfidence”,andthehighestpreparationperceptionin“careerplanning”.Theneedofcareerserviceisbetweenmediumandhighlevels,withhighestserviceneedsin“competencystudy”followedby“workplacecognitionandemploymentpreparation”and“interpersonalsupport”.Moreover,therewasasignificantdifferenceinadolescents’careerplanningandtheneedofcareerserviceaccordingtogenderanddifferentschoolattributes.Inaddition,theresultsofRegressionAnalysisshowed“careermanagement”,“careerplanning”,“careerorientation”and“careerconfidence”hadpercentpredictabilitytowardscareerserviceneeds.Therefore,theresearchsuggestedusingthemasthereferencesforcareertransitionandcareerpreparation.
Keywords:
Lifetask,careeradaptability,worktask,careerconfidence,careercooperation
Introduction
Fromschooltoworkisatransitionalperiodsthatarecharacterizedbyuncertainties.Totheyouth,it’sacriticaldevelopmentalprocesstofacethetaskofmovingfromdependencetogradualindependenceandtorespondtoaseriesofnewandunfamiliarchallenges(Mech,1994;Sankey,1995).
Adlerindicatedthatworkisoneexpressionofthepsychiccompensatorymechanism.He(1929/1970)wrote”theproblemofoccupationbecomescleartousasaverydeeplyexperiencedconcernofthewholepersonality.Occupationalchoiceaswellaspracticemirrorforusthewholepersonalityoftheindividual”.Itmeanscareerchoice,successonthejob,andrelatedmattersareanintegralpartoftheunityoftheperson.Therefore,itwillbetheavenuebywhichindividualcometorecognizetheirfictivegoal(Stone,2007).
IndividualPsychologyassertsthatallbehaviorinlife,includingvocationalbehavior,isgoaldirected.Thesegoalsknowasfictionalgoals,areuniquelyformulatedbaseduponwhatanindividualperceivesashisorheridealself.Fictionalgoals,orguidingfictionsexistprimarilyatanunconsciouslevelandrevealanindividual’sstrivingstowardsecurity,safety,orimportance,suchas“whenIamrich,Iwillbeaccepted”or“whenIamsmart,Iwillbevaluedandadmired”.Thesecorebeliefscontinuetoguidebehavior,includingwhatandhowanindividualaddressestheworktask(Stone,2020,p.92).
AccordingtoAdler,allindividualsexperiencesomedegreeofinferiorityaschildrenbecauseoftheirlimitedcapacitytoassertpowerandcontrolintheworld.Toovercometheseuniversalfeelingofinferiority,individualsformulategoalsthatenablethemtomeettheirneedsforsignificance,power,orsecurity(Ansbacher&Ansbacher,1956;Corso,Rehfuss,&Galvin;Stone,2007).Hence,fromthisperspective,choosingacareerismorethanpickinganoccupation,itcanbeviewedascompensatory,topursuemovementfromanundertoanoverposition.Theinterests,values,andneedswithinone’slifethemesindirectlygivevoicetothatindividual’sguidingfictions.Theneedsandinterestsassociatedwithlifethemesareformulatedbythecompensatorystrivingsthathelpindividualsfeelmorecompleteandsuccessful.
BasedonAdler’stheoryofIndividualPsychology,Savickas(2020)fromtheperspectiveofconstructionist,heprovided"careeradaptability"concepttohelpyouthlearntodopreparationintheirtransition,anddefineditashowindividualsmanageandadjusttomultiplecareertransitionsastheycyclethroughthedevelopmentalphasesineachposition,occupation,andsetting.
Savickasdescribedcareeradaptabilityassixdimensions,whichincluded:
concern,control,curiosity,confidence,commitmentandcooperation.the"Careerconcern”meansindividualsmustshowcareerconcernfortheirfutureandbeengagedinplanningbybeingaware,involve,andprepare,the"Careercontrol”meanstheymustexhibitcareercontrolthroughdecisionmaking,determination,andagency.Inotherwords,theycandecidetheirfuture.”careercuriosity”meanstheydisplayaninquisitiveattitudeandengageinexplorationbyexperimenting,risktakingandinquiring.‘careerconfidenc
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