宾语从句与定语从句的用法.docx
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宾语从句与定语从句的用法.docx
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宾语从句与定语从句的用法
一.定语从句中的关联词。
以下12个方面谈谈如何抓定语从句中关联词
1、抓住关系代词。
从句中关系副词可由“介词+关系代词”代替,因此,掌握了关系代词,关系副词也就迎刃而解了。
如:
Theboydidn”ttellmetheclassroomwherehewasstudying句中的where可由inwhich来取代。
2、从句中不能出现疑问句的形式。
如Thewomancan”ttellthedaywhenhersonwasborn句中的was不能放到when之后。
3、从句中不能出现和关系词重复的词。
如:
Hereisthepenthatyoulostityesterday.句中的it指的就是先行词thepen,应删去it。
4、关系代词应与先行词在数上一致。
如ThegiftswhichweresenttoJackwereveryexpensive.
5、关系代词在从句中可作主语、宾语和定语,关系副词只作状语。
如That”sthedaywhenI”llneverforget.句中的关联词应是forget的宾语,故不能用when应用which或that.
6、可以换用的关系代词。
a.修饰物的关系代词用which或that;如:
Abookstoreisastorewhich/thatsellsbooks.
b.修饰人的关系代词常用who,也可用that.如:
Thecomradewho/thatvisitedourclassyesterdayisournewheadmaster.
7、不能换用的关系代词。
which不能修饰人;who不能物;whose作从句中的定语,既可修饰人,也可修饰物。
如:
Thehorsewhosewindowsfacesouthwasbuiltlastyear.
在下列情况下,须用that;
a.先行词为all、little、the、one、everything、something、nothing、anything等不定代词(something)后也可用which;如Isthereanythingthatlcandoforyou?
Thefingerthatlputintomymouthwasnottheonethatlhaddippedintomycup.
b.先行词被序数或形容词最高级修饰时;如:
Thelastplacethatwevisitedwasthelibrary.
HeisthemeatcarefulboythatlKnow.
c.先行词由\"人+物\"构成时。
如:
Hetalkedofthemenandtheworkthatinterestedhimverymuch.
且that不用于非限制性定语从句之中。
如:
Tomgotthefirstplace,which(不用that)pleasedhisparents.
8、可以省略的关系代词。
当关系代词在从句中作宾语时,往往可以省略。
如:
Theletter(that/which)lreceivedyesterdaywasfrommybrother.
9、不可省略的关系代词。
a.在从句中作其他成分的关系代词,如:
TheboywhoisplayingonthegrassisJack”sbrother.
b.在非限制性定语从句中的关系代词,如That”sLaoLi,whomImentionedtoyoutheotherday.
c.介词位于关系代词之前时.如:
ThisisthehouseinwhichMrSmithoncelived.
10、跟关系代词连用的介词可置于关系代词之前,也可置后.如上句也可改为ThisisthehousewhichMrSmithoncelivedin.
还要注意:
a.that作介词宾语时,介词位于从句中原来的位置;如:
Canyoulendmethebookthatyouweretalkingabout?
b.在非限制定语从句中,介词位于关系代词位置,如:
WuDong,withwhomlwentconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.
c.介词是短语动词的固定部分,不可拆开。
如:
Isthisthedaythatyouarelookingfor?
11、which有时代表前面整个主句所表达的概念。
如:
Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.
12、关系代词as常与such和thesame连用。
如:
Ihaveneverseensuchawilddog
宾 语 从 句
一.定义
简单的说,宾语从句就是一个或是几个从句充当主句中的宾语成分。
二.主要类型
1).由连接代词或连接副词引导。
连接代词或连接副词引导的从句只是在某些动词后能用作宾语,这些动词有see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,wonder,understand,discuss,show等等:
e.g e.g Doyouknowwhathehassaid?
Canyoutellmewhichclassyouarein
Doyouknowwhatkindofpersonsheis?
Let"sseehowwecanfinishthehardwork.
Haveyoudecidedwhomyouwouldvisittomorrow?
Pleaseshowmewhereyourpassportis
Lucystillwonderedwhyhecoul"tpasstheexam.
2).由连词whether或if引导。
(口语中常用if)
e.g Sheaskedmeifshecouldborrowthesebooks
Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag
注:
1)中所列的动词后也常可用whether,if引导的从句作宾语;
e.g e.g "mwonderingiftheletterisover-weight.
Idon"tknowwhetherthisanswerisright.
另外,这种从句前面有时还可以另有宾语。
e.g e.g PleasetellmewhichbookIshouldreadfirst
Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstop.
Didshesayanythingabouthowtheworkwastobedone?
3)由that引导。
(在口语或非正式文体中常省略)
e.g e.g Heknew(that)heshouldworkhard
Hesaid(that)hewouldliketoseetheHeadmaster
注意:
在某些句型中,特别是带复合宾语的句子中,that引导的从句常常移到后面去,前面用一个it作形式上的宾语。
(但是,有时it也可以省略)
e.g e.g Weallthoughtitapitythatshecoul”tcome.
Itookhiswordforitthathewouldtryhisbesttohelpus.(他说他要想一切办法帮我们,我相信他说的是真话。
)
Itakeitthatwearetoleaveearly(我想我们动身是会很早的。
)
三.宾语从句中应该注意的一些情况
1.引导词
☞由陈述句变来的宾语从句,用连词that等引导,并且在口语中常常省略此词:
e.g e.g Hesai(that)hehadanewdictionary.
Iknow(that)Lucycanplayfootballverywell
但是,如果that引导的是几个表示并列关系的宾语从句时,最后一个that不能省略。
e.g e.g Iknow(that)TomcomesfromFranceandthatheteachesinGuilinnow
☞由一般疑问句转换而来的宾语从句,用whether或if引导,并且两词可以互用。
但是whether可以和ornot连用,而if不能。
e.gIwanttoknowwhether(if)shestilllivesthere
Pleasetellmewhetheryoucancomeornot.
☞由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句,由特殊疑问词who,whom,whose,which,when,where,why,how等引导。
e.g e.g Id”tknowwhosebookitis. osebookitis. Theteacheraskedwhatwashappening
DoyouknowwhereourEnglishteacherlives?
Hewantedtoknowwhyyoucanplaythepianosowell
首先来说说定语从句
定语从句并联词有who,whom,which,that,whose,when,where,why
定语从句:
用来说明主句中某一个名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫做定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。
非限制性定语从句和主句关系十分密切,只对主句中的先行词作附加说明,如果去掉,主句仍然表达明确,完整的概念,它和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。
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a.thatb.whatc.whichd.whether
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