英语二阅读真题同源过关练习20篇.docx
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英语二阅读真题同源过关练习20篇.docx
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英语二阅读真题同源过关练习20篇
英语二阅读真题同源过关练习连载一:
文章来源:
经济学家
段落:
六段
字数:
445
内容:
女性与工作
要求:
A. 做题 B. 找到出题处 C. 挑五个句子翻译 D. 将文中单词认真背完
LastmonthSherylSandberg,chiefoperatingofficeratFacebook,published “LeanIn”,acontroversialmanifestoonwhywomenhavenotascendedtothemostseniorpositionsatcompanies. Sheconcludesthatitispartlywomen’sownfault:
theydonot “leanin”andaskforpromotions,pipeupatmeetingsandinsistontakingaseatatthetable.
Threenewbookswillnothavethesameimpactas “LeanIn”,buttheyoffersomeinterestingnewperspectivesonhowwomenarecopingatwork,andwhatisholdingthemback.Someofitisdowntosimplemiscommunication.
BarbaraAnnisandJohnGrayarguein “WorkWithMe” thatmenandwomenarebiologicallywiredtothinkandreactdifferentlytosituations,andhave “genderblindspots” whenitcomestounderstandingtheirco-workers’ behavior.MsAnnis,wholeadsworkshopsongenderforbigcompaniesandgovernments,andMrGray,authorof “MenarefromMars,WomenarefromVenus”,abestsellingbookin1992aboutrelationshipproblems,havecollaboratedtoproduceaneasy-to-readguidetoworkplacecommunications.
Womenaskmorequestions,gathermorepeople’sopinionsandseekcollaborationwithco-workersmorefrequentlythanmen.Menviewthesepreferencesassignsofweakness,andwomen,inturn,growannoyedbyhowcompetitivelymenwork,andhowquicklyandunilaterallytheyarriveatconclusions.Ifbothfemaleandmaleemployeesbecamemore“genderintelligent” abouthowtheirworkandbehavioralpreferencesarehard-wired,itwouldcontributetoamoreharmoniousworkforce.
Womenhavebeenchoosingtoleavecompaniesattwicetherateofmen,andmorethanhalfthewomenwhomtheauthorsmetinworkshopswereconsideringleavingtheirfirms.Womenoftentelltheirbossesthattheyarequittingforpersonalreasons,butthemajorityactuallyleavebecausetheyfeelexcludedfromteamsandnotvaluedfortheircontributions.Yettherealityisthatwomenoftenhavetroublecommunicatingwithotherwomenatworkaswell,thoughtheauthorsdonotexplaininquiteasmuchdetailwhythisisso.Communicationandgenderequalityarenotjustproblemsatlargefirms.
Mostpeopleagreethatmoreneedstochangeintheworkplace.Menstilloccupymosttopjobs,donotfeelcomfortablementoringyoungerwomenandjudgeyoungmendifferentlyfromyoungwomen.However,afterdecadesofwomenfailingtogainequalrepresentationinexecutivesuites,itisnotablehowmanybooksnowfocusonwomenalteringtheirbehavior,ratherthanmenchangingtheirwayofdoingthings.Womencannotchangetheirfateontheirown.Isn’ttheresponsibilityformento “leanin” tolistenandadvancewomenintheworkforce?
1Thebook “LeanIn” inthebeginningisusedto_______.
A.explainthereasonsofgenderprejudice
B.introducethetopictobediscussed
C.describeagreatandadmirablewoman
D.depictsurvivingskillsinworkplace
2AccordingtoBarbaraAnnisandJohnGray,genderblindspotsattributeto_______.
A.inherentdistinctions
B.differentthinkingpatterns
C.educationaldifferences
D.unique cognitions
3A betterrelationshipinworkingmaycomeoutof_______.
A.moreintelligence
B.betterunderstandingofsexualimpact
C.bettercontrolofbehavior
D.goodperformanceinworking
4AllofthefollowingaspectsarethereasonswhywomenleavecompaniesExcept_______.
A.theircontributionsareoverlooked
B.theyfindithardtointegrateintoworkinggroups
C.therearesomeproblemsincommunication
D.sexualdiscriminationisincreasinglyserious
5Theauthor’sattitudetowardsmales’ helpingfemalesinworkingcanbedescribedas_______.
A.indifferentB.biasedC. supportive D. opposed
英语二阅读真题同源过关练习连载二:
文章来源:
经济学家
段落:
五段
字数:
435
内容:
动物实验与健康
要求:
A. 做题 B. 找到出题处 C. 挑五个句子翻译 D. 将文中单词认真背完
Onceuponatimetheoverstressedexecutivebellowingordersintoatelephone,cancellingmeetings,stayinglateattheofficeanddyingofaheartattackwasastereotypeofmodernity.Thatwasbeforethe Whitehall studies,aseriesofinvestigationsofBritishcivilservantsbeguninthe1960s.Thesestudiesfoundthatthetruthispreciselytheopposite.Thoseatthetopofthepeckingorderactuallyhavetheleaststressfulandmosthealthylives.Cardiacarrest-and,indeed,earlydeathfromanycause-istheprerogativeofunderlings.
Suchresultshavesincebeenconfirmedmanytimes,bothinhumansocietiesandinotherprimatespecieswithstrongsocialhierarchies.Butwhereasthepatterniswell-understood,thebiologicalmechanismsunderlyingitarenot.AstudyjustpublishedintheProceedingsofthe National Academy ofSciences,however,shedssomelightonthematter.
Init,agroupofresearchersledbyJennyTungandYoavGiladatthe University of Chicago
lookedattheeffectsofstatusonrhesusmacaques.Experiencehasshownthatthesemonkeysdisplaythesimianequivalentofthe Whitehall studies'findings.Thehighriskofdiseaseamongthoseatthebottomoftheheapinbothcasessuggeststhatbiochemicalresponsestolowstatusaffectacreature'simmunesystem.Thoseresponsesmust,inturn,dependonchangesinthewaythecreatures'genesareexpressed.Toinvestigatethisphenomenonmeansmanipulatingsocialhierarchies,butthatwouldbehard(andprobablyunethical)ifitweredonetohumanbeings.Youcan,however,doittomonkeys,andtheresearchersdid.
DrTungandDrGiladtook49middle-rankingfemalemacaquesandsplitthemintogroupsoffourorfive.Theresearcherswereabletocontrolwhereinagroupanindividualrankedbytheorderinwhichitwasintroducedintoitsgroup(newlyintroducedmonkeysalmostalwaysadoptarolesubordinatetoexistinggroupmembers).Thehierarchiesthusestablished,theteamconductedtestsoncellsinthemonkeys'blood,inanattempttodeterminetheeffectofamacaque'srankonherbiochemistryand,inparticular,onhowrankinfluencestheactivityofvariousgenes.
Aswithanyanimalstudy,thisonecannotsimplybe mappedstraightonto humans.Butitdoesprovidepointersthatresearcherswhoworkonpeoplecanuse.Inparticular,theexperimentensuredthatsocialrankwastheonlyfactorbeingchanged,providingstrongevidencethatthechainofcausalityrunsfromlowsocialstatus,throughadisruptedimmunesystemtoworsehealth,andnottheotherwayaround.Thebestmedicine,then,ispromotion.Prosper,andlivelong.
1. Executivesatthehighrank_______.
A.leadahappyandmeaningfullife
B.sufferfromtremendousstress
C.fallintovictimsofviolence
D.haveapressure-freeandhealthylife
2. Thereasonwhytheexperimentisperformedonmonkeysisthat_______.
A. itiseasyandhaslesstodowith moralprinciples
B. monkeysarewillingtobedoneso
C. humanbeingsaremoreselfishandself-centered
D. theexperimentisdifficultandcostly
3. Thehierarchiesarebuilt by the means of_______.
A.measuringtheirweight
B.predictingtheirdevelopment
C.judgingtheirability
D.definingtheirsequence
4. Thephrase ‘mappedonto’ inthelastparagraphmaymean_______.
A.deprivedofB.appliedtoC.translatedintoD.regardedas
5. Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe_______.
A. modernleadersandleadership
B. neversaynever
C. socialstatusandhealth
D. rank,animalexperimentationsandpressure
英语二阅读真题同源过关练习连载三:
文章来源:
经济学家
段落:
六段
字数:
450
内容:
心理学
要求:
A. 做题 B. 找到出题处 C. 挑五个句子翻译 D. 将文中单词认真背完
“ISSINoriginal?
” ThatisthequestionaddressedbyShaulShalvi,apsychologistattheUniversityofAmsterdam,inapaperjustpublishedinPsychologicalScience.DrShalviandhiscolleagues,OriEldarandYoellaBereby-MeyerofBen-GurionUniversityinIsrael,wantedtoknowiftheimpulsetocheatissomethingthatgrowsordiminisheswhenthepotentialcheaterhastimeforreflectiononhisactions.Ischeating,inotherwords,instinctiveorcalculating?
Appropriately,theresearchers’ apparatusfortheirexperimentwasthaticonofsinfulactivity,thegamblingdie.Theywantedtofindoutwhetherpeopleweremorelikelytolieabouttheresultofadierollwhenaskedthatresultimmediately,orwhengiventimetothink.
Tocarryouttheirexperiment,DrShalvi,DrEldarandDrBereby-Meyergaveeachof76volunteersasix-sideddieandacup.Participantsweretoldthatanumberofthem,chosenatrandom,wouldearntenshekels(about$2.50)foreachpipofthenumeraltheyrolledonthedie.Theyweretheninstructedtoshaketheircups,checktheoutcomeoftherolleddieandrememberthisroll.Next,theywereaskedtorollthedietwomoretimes,tosatisfythemselvesthatitwasnotloaded,and,thatdone,toentertheresultofthefirstrollonacomputerterminal.Halfoftheparticipantsweretoldtocompletethisprocedurewithin20secondswhiletheothersweregivennotimelimit.
Theresearchershadnowayofknowingwhatnumbersparticipantsactuallyrolled,ofcourse.Buttheyknew,statistically,thattheaverageroll,ifpeoplereportedhonestly,shouldhavebeen3.5.Thisgavethemabaselinefromwhichtocalculateparticipants’ honesty.Thoseforcedtoentertheirresultswithin20seconds,theresearchersfound,reportedameanrollof4.6.Thosewhowerenotunderanytimepressurereportedameanrollof3.9.Bothgroupslied,then.Butthosewhohadhadmoretimeforreflectionliedless.
Asecondexperimentconfirmedthisresult.Adifferentbunchofvolunteerswereaskedtorollthediejustonce.Again,halfwereputundertimepressureand,sincetherewerenoadditionalrollstomake,therestrictionwaschangedfrom20secondstoeight.Theotherswereallowedtoconsiderthematterforaslongastheywished.
Theconclusion,therefore,atleastinthematter
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