听力教程第二册unit5.docx
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听力教程第二册unit5.docx
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听力教程第二册unit5
Unit5
SectionOneTacticsforListening
Part1Phonetics-Stress,IntonationandAccent
1.A:
Doyouwantsomegrapes?
B:
No,thanks,Idon'tlikethem.
2.A:
WhatdoyouthinkofScotland?
B:
I'veneverbeenthere.
3.A:
Myson'scalledDavid,
B:
Howoldishe?
4.A:
CanIbookatablefortonight,please?
B:
Certainly.Howmanyisitfor?
A:
There'llbethreeofthem.
5.A:
Canyougetsomecornflakes?
B:
Doyouwantalargeorsmallpacket?
A:
Asmallone.
Exercise:
1.A:
a.wantb.grapes
B:
a.1ikeb.them
2.A:
a.thinkb.scotland
B:
a.beenb.there
3.A:
a.callb.David
B:
a.oldb.he
4.A:
a.bookb.tonight
B:
a.certainlyb.many
A:
a.threeb.them
5.A:
a.getb.cornflakes
B:
a.largeorsmallb.packet
A:
asmallb.one
Part2listeningandNote-taking
Reading
Whenshouldachildstartlearningtoreadandwrite?
ThisisoneofthequestionsIammostfrequentlyasked.Thereisnohardandfastrule,fornotwoarealike,anditwouldbewrongtosetatimewhenallshouldstartbeingtaughttheinsandoutsofreadingletterstoformwords.
Ifathree-year-oldwantstoread(orevenatwo-year-oldforthatmatter),thechilddeservestobegiveneveryencouragement.Thefactthatheorshemightlaterbe"bored"whenjoiningaclassofnon-readersatinfantschoolistheteacher'saffair.Itisuptotheteachertoseethatsuchachildisgivenmoreadvancedreadingmaterial.
Similarly,thechildwhostillcannotreadbythetimehegoestojuniorschoolattheageofsevenshouldbegiveneveryhelpbyteachersandparentsalike.Theyshouldmakecertainthatheisnotdyslexic*.Ifheis,specialisthelpshouldimmediatelybesought.
Althoughparentsshouldbecarefulnottoforceyoungstersagedtwotofivetolearntoread(ifbadlydoneitcouldputthemoffreadingforlife)thereisnoharminpreparingthemforsimplerecognitionoflettersbylabellingvariousitemsintheirroom.Forinstance,byanicepieceofcardboardtiedtotheirbedwithBEDwritteninneat-bigletters.
Shouldtheyoungchildaskhisparentstoteachhimtoread,andiftheparentsarecapableofdoingso,suchanappealshouldnotbeignored.Butthetaskshouldbeundertakengently,withgreatpatienceandasenseofhumour.Readingshouldneverbemadetolooklikeachoreandthechildshouldneverbeforcedtocontinue,shouldhisintereststarttoflag*.
ExerciseA:
1.Thereisnohardandfastrule,fornotwoarealike.
2.Thefactthatheorshemightlaterbe"bored"whenjoiningaclassofnon-readersatinfantschoolistheteacher'saffair.
3.Ifbadlydoneitcouldputthemoffreadingforlife
4.Butthetaskshouldbeundertakengently.
5.Readingshouldneverbemadetolooklikeachore.
ExerciseB:
Itwouldbewrongtosetatimewhenachildshouldstartlearningtoreadandwrite.Parentsshouldencourageyoungstersagedtwotofivetoreadiftheyshowinterestsinit,butneverforcethemtolearntoread.Heorshemightlaterbe"bored"whenjoiningaclassofnon-readersatinfantschool.Thenitisuptheteachertoseethatsuchachildisgivenmoreadvancedreadingmaterial.
Similarly,ifachildcannotreadattheageofseventeachersandparentsshouldmakecertainthatheisnotdyslexic.Ifheis,specialisthelpshouldimmediatelybesought
Parentsshouldnotignoretheyoungchild'sappealtoteachhimtoread.Butthetaskshouldbeundertakengently,withgreatpatienceandasenseofhumourReadingshouldneverbemadetolooklikeachoreandthechildshouldneverbeforcedtocontinue,ifhisinterestsstarttofalg
SectionTwoListeningComprehension
Part1Dialogues
Dialogue1DigitalSound
{Music}
MIKE:
Wow!
Nice.CDshavesuchgoodsound.DoyoueverwonderhowtheymakeCDs?
KATHY:
Well,theygetabunchofmusicianstogether,andtheysingandplay.
MIKE:
Comeon.YouknowwhatImean.Whyisthesoundqualitysogood?
Imean,whydoCDssoundsomuchclearerthancassettetapes?
KATHY:
Actually,Idoknowthat.
MIKE:
Really'?
KATHY:
It'sallbasedondigitalsound.CDsaredigital.Digitalsoundislikeseveralphotos,alltakenoneafteranother.It'skindoflikepicturesofsound.Theintensityofthesound–howstrongitis--ismeasuredveryquickly.Thenit'smeasuredagainandagain.Whenwehearthesound,itallsoundslikeonelongpieceofsound,butit'sreallylotsofpiecesclosetogether.Andeachpieceisreallyclear.
M1KE:
Sodigitalislikelotsofshort"pieces"ofsound.
KATHY.Exactly.Thisisdifferentfromanalog*--that'showtheyusedtorecord.Analogismorelikeonewaveofsound.Itmovesupanddownwithvolumeandpitch.Anyway,analogislikeasinglewave.Digitalislikeaseriesofpieces.
MIKE:
OK,Iunderstandthat.ButhowdotheymaketheCDs?
KATHY:
Itoldyou.Theygetahunchofmusicianstogether,andtheysingandplay.
Quality
Recordingtechnique
Digitalsound
Muchclearer
Digitalsoundislikeseveralphotosalltakenoneafteranother.It'sKindoflikepicturesofsound,Digitalislikeaseriesofpieces.
Analogicalsound
Aanlogismorelikeonewaveofsound.Itmovesupanddownwithvolumeandpitch.Analogislikeasinglewave
Dialogue2HowDoTheyMakeCDs?
MIKE:
OK,Iunderstandthat.ButhowdotheymaketheCDs?
KATHY:
Itoldyou,Mike.Theygetabunchofmusicianstogether,andtheysingandplay.
MIKE:
Kathy!
KATHY:
No.Whatreallyhappensisfirsttheydoadigitalrecording--onvideotape.
MIKE:
Onvideotape.
KATHY:
Yeah,theyusevideotape.Sothenthevideotapeisplayedthroughacomputer.
MIKE:
OK.Whatdoesthecomputerdo?
KATHY:
Well,thecomputerisusedtofigureoutthe"pieces"ofsoundweweretalkingabout;howlongeverythingis,howfarapartspacesare.
MIKE:
OK.Sothecomputerisfiguringoutthoseseparate"pieces"ofsound.
KATHY:
Yeah.Theyneedtodothattomakethemaster.
MIKE:
Themaster?
KATHY:
ThemasteristheoriginalthatalltheotherCDsarecopiedfrom.It'smadeofglass.It'saglassdiskthatspinsaround--justlikearegularCD.Andtheglassdiskiscoveredwithachemical.Theyusealasertobumthesignal,orthesong,intotheglassplate.Thelaserburnsthroughthechemical,butnotthroughtheglass.
MIKE:
Sothelasercutsthesoundintotheplate.
KATHY:
Right.Whatit'sdoingiscuttinglittleholes.intothebackofthedisk.
Thoseholesarecalled"pits."Thelaserputsinthepits.
MIKE:
SoCDsreallyhavelittleholesontheback?
Ididn'tknowthat.
KATHY:
Yeah.Tinypits.They'retoosmalltosee.[Pause.]Anyway,thenthey'vegotthemaster,andtheymakecopiesfromit.ThenyoubuyyourcopyandputitintheCDplayer.
MIKE:
PutitintheCDplayer...ThatpartIunderstand.
KATHY:
There'sanotherlaserinyourCDplayer.ThelightofthelaserreflectsofftheCD.ThesmoothpartoftheCDreflectsstraightback,likeamirror.Butthelightthatbouncesoffthepitsisscattered.Anyway,thecomputerinyourCDplayerreadsthelightthatbouncesoffthepits.Andyougetthemusic.
MIKE:
Reflectedlight,huh?
...Uh...youknewwhatIlike?
Justrelaxing,listeningtomusic,andnotreallyworryingabouthowitgetsonthedisk.
KATHY:
Youwantmetoexplainitagain?
「Music」
I.ThemakingoftheCDs
A.Recording
a.Theygetabunchofmusicianstogether,singingandplaying.
b.Firsttheydoadigitalrecording--onvideotape.
c.Thenthevideotapeisplayedthroughacomputer.
d.Thecomputerfiguresoutthoseseparate"pieces"ofsoundtomakethemaster.
B.Themakingofthemaster
a.ThemasteristheoriginalthatalltheotherCDsarecopiedfrom.
b.It'smadeofglass,coveredwithachemical.
c.Theyuselasertoburnthesignal,orthesong,intotheglassplate.Thelaserbumsthroughthechemical,butnotthroughtheglass.
d.Itcutslittleholesintothebackofthedisk.Thoseholesarecalled"pits."
e.Theymakecopiesfromit.
II.Playingback
A.YoubuythecopyandputitintheCDplayer.
B.ThelightofthelaserreflectsofftheCD.
a.ThesmoothpartoftheCDreflectsstraightback,likeamirror.
b.Butthelightthatbouncesoffthepitsisscattered.
c.ThecomputerinyourCDplayerreadsthelightthatbouncesoffthepits.
d.Yougetthemusic.
Part2Passages
Passage1Toothbrush
Brushingourteeth--suchacommonplaceactivitytoday,hasbeenaroundforalongtime.Imagine:
theancientEgyptianswerealreadyconcernedabouttheirdentalhygiene!
Weknowthistodaybecausetheyalsohadthegoodhabitofbeingentombed*withalltheirtreasures...Sowewereabletodiscoverthattombsfrom3,000yearsbeforeChristcontainedsmalltreebrancheswhoseendshadbeenfrayed*intosoftfibers.It'scomicaltoimagineanEgyptianstoppingtobrushhisteethafterameal,onhisbreakfrombuildingapyramid!
Thetrueancestorofourtoothbrush,however,wasinventedbytheChineseinthe15thcenturyandbroughtbacktoEuropebytravellers.ThistoothbrushwasmadeofhairsfromtheneckofaSiberianwildboarwhichwerefixedtoabambooorbonehandle.ThepeopleoftheOccident*,however,foundthewildboarhairstoostiff.Atthetime,veryfewpeopleintheWesternworldbrushedtheirteeth,andthosewhodidpreferredhorsehairs,whichweresofterthanthoseofthewildboar!
InEurope,itwasmorecustomaryaftermealstouseagoosefeathertoothpick,oronemadeofsilverorcopper.Otheranimals'hairwasalsousedfordentalcare,rightupuntilthiscentury.ButitwasthepoorSiberianwildboarthattookthebruntofit.Theanimalwasimportedforitsneckhairsforalong,longtime...infact,untilnylonwasinvented,inthe20thcentury!
In1937,intheDuPontlaborator
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