动词和动词短语的用法总结及练习专题9.docx
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动词和动词短语的用法总结及练习专题9.docx
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动词和动词短语的用法总结及练习专题9
专题九动词的分类和动词短语
中考要求:
1.熟练掌握动词一般现在时的第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词的形式。
2.熟练掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时的构成和基本用法。
3.初步掌握延续性动词和瞬间动词在用法上的区别。
4.了解过去将来时、过去完成时的构成和基本用法。
5.了解及物动词和不及物动词的用法。
知识点一、动词分类
1、表动作状态的词叫做动词,能单独作谓语,根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类:
实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb),有些动词是兼类词
1)We are having a meeting.
2)He has gone to New York.
2、根据是否带有宾语,可分为两类:
及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词
1)She can dance and sing.
2)She can sing many English songs.
3、根据是否受主语人称和数的限制,分两类:
限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb),英语中共有三种非限定动词:
动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)
1)She sings very well.
2)She wants to learn English well.
4、根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类:
单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(Verbal Phrase)
1)The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.
2)Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.
5、动词有五种形态:
原形(Original Form)、第三人称单数形式(Singular From in Third Personal)、过去式(Past Form)、过去分词(Past Participle)、现在分词(Present Participle)
知识点二、助动词
1、协助主动词构成谓语动词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb),被协助动词称主动词(Main Verb),助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用:
1)表示时态
He has got married.
2)表示语态
He was sent to England.
3)构成疑问句
Did you study English before you came here?
4)与否定副词not合用,构成否定句
I don't like him.
5)加强语气
Do come to the party tomorrow evening.
2、助动词be的用法
1、be v-ing,构成进行时态
English is becoming more and more important.
2、be v-ed,构成被动语态
English is taught throughout the world.
3、be todo,可表示下列内容
1)表示最近、未来的计划或安排
He is to go to New York next week..
2)表示命
He is to come to the office this afternoon.
3)征求意见
How am I to answer him?
4)表示相约、商定
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.
3、助动词have的用法
1、have v-ed,构成完成时态
By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.
2、have beenv-ed,构成完成进行时
I have been studying English for ten years.
3、have+been +过去分词,构成完成式被动语态
English has been taught in China for many years.
4、助动词do 的用法
1、构成一般疑问句
Do you want to pass the CET?
2、do + not 构成否定句
In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.
3、构成否定祈使句
Don't be so absent-minded.
4、放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气
Do come to my birthday party.
5、用于倒装句
Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.
知识点三、连系动词
连系动词(Link Verb),本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语,构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
注:
有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语
1)He fell ill yesterday.
2)He fell off the ladder.
1、表状态系动词(用来表示主语状态,只有be一词)
He is a teacher.
2、表持续性系动词(用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand,continue)
1)He always kept silent at meeting.
2)This matter rests a mystery.
3、表感官系动词(感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste,look)
1)This kind of cloth feels very soft.
2)This flower smells very sweet.
4、表变化系动词(这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run)
1)He became mad after that.
2)She grew rich within a short time.
5、表像系动词(用来表示看起来像有seem, appear, look)
1)He looks tired.
2)He seems (to be) very sad.
6、终止系动词(表示主语已终止动作有prove, trun out)
1)The search proved difficult.
2)His plan turned out a success.
7、系动词的使用应注意事项
1)有些动词既可以作系动词,又可作实意动词的用法。
遇到这种情况时,只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者,然后再对后面的词性和词义作出判断和选择
Thesoftdrinkingtastesquitesour.
Thechefistastingthefishcarefully.
2)这类词不用进行时
3)系动词无被动式
知识点四、情态动词的用法
1、musthaveto
1)表示义务。
意为必须,must表示主观意志;haveto表示客观需要
Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.
Mybrotherwasill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.
2)must无人称和数的变化;haveto有人称和数的变化haveto,hasto,hadto,havehadto
mustn’t表示禁止;don’thaveto表不必
Youdon’thavetotellhimaboutit.
3)must表推测,意为想必、准是、一定等,只用于肯定句
She’swearingadiamondnecklace.Shemusthavealotofmoney.
4)must提问的回答方式
---Mustwehandinourexercisebooksnow?
---Yes,youmust/No,youneedn’t/No,youdon’thaveto.
2、cancouldbeableto
1)表示能力,can只用于现在时和过去时(could);beableto用于各种时态
Twoeyescanseemorethanone.
Couldthegirlreadbeforeshewenttoschool?
Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.
2)理论上或是逻辑判断上表示可能
Thetemperaturecanfallto60℃,thatis60℃belowfreezing.
Hecan’t(couldn’t)haveenoughmoneyforanewcar.
Youmustn’tsmokewhileyou’rewalkingaroundinthewood.Youcouldstartafire.
3)表示允许,比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法
Can(could)Ihavealookatyournewpen?
Heaskedwhetherhecouldtakethebookoutofthereading-room.
3、maymight
1)might表允许,可以指过去时间,也可指现在时间,语气更委婉
Youmaytakewhateveryoulike.
HetoldmethatImightsmokeintheroom.
May(Might)Iaskforaphotoofyourbaby?
在回答以may引起的问句时,多避免用这个词,而用其它方式,如Yes,please./Certainly./Pleasedon’t./You’dbetternot./No,youmustn’t.等,以免显得太严峻或不客气
2)表事实上可能。
可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,但语气更加不肯定
Shemaynotknowaboutit.
Theymightbehavingameeting,butI’mnotsure.
4、willwould
1)表意愿
Ifyouwillreadthebook,I’lllendittoyou.
Theywouldnotlethiminbecausehewaspoorlydressed.
2)will表请求,用于疑问句;would表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法
Willyouclosethewindow?
It’sabitcold.
Wouldyoumindcleaningthewindow?
3)will表示某种倾向或习惯性动作;would表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向
Fishwilldieoutofwater.
Everytimeshewasintrouble,shewouldgotohimforhelp.
5、should和oughtto
1)should表义务,某件事宜于做,用于各种人称;oughtto表义务,因责任、义务等该做,口气比should稍重
Youshouldbepolitetoyourteachers.
Youarehisfather.Yououghttotakecareofhim.
2)should表推测,意为想必一定、照说、估计;oughtto表推测,暗含很大的可能,语气较弱
Thefilmshouldbeverygoodasitisstarringfirst-classactors.
There’safinesunset;itoughttobeafinedaytomorrow.
6、情态动词表示推测意义
1)must,can,could,may,might皆可以表示推测,语气由强到弱
2)must,can,could,may,might不同时态的用法
must,can,could,may,might接动词原形,表示对现在或将来的情况推测,此时动词常为系动词
must,can,could,may,might接现在进行时,表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况推测
must,can,could,may,might接动词完成时,表示对过去情况的推测
must,can,could,may,might接现在完成进行时,表对过去正在发生的事情的推测
3)can’t意为不可能;而maynot意为可能不
Dannycan’tbeathome.Isawhiminthelibraryjustnow.
It’sseveno’clocknow.Michaelmaynotcomehere.
五、动词短语归纳
1、动词+介词
agreewith同意…的意见;符合
baseon以…(为)根据
listento听…
getto到达…
falloff(从…)掉下
help...with...帮助(某人)做(某事)
knockat/on敲(门、窗)
laughat嘲笑
learn…from…向…学习
liveon继续存在;靠...生活
lookafter照顾,照看
lookat看;观看
lookfor寻找
looklike看起来像
payfor(sth.)付钱;支付
pointat指示;指向
preferto...宁愿(选择);更喜欢
quarrelwith(和某人)吵架
regard...as...把...当作...;当作
stop...fromdoing阻止...做...
talkabout说话;谈话;谈论
talkwith与...交谈
thinkabout考虑
thinkof认为;想起
2、动词+副词
askfor请求;询问
carryon坚持下去;继续下去
cutdown砍倒
cleanup清除;收拾干净
comedown下来;落
comealong来;随同
comein进来
comeon来吧;跟着来;赶快
comeout出来;(花)开;发(芽)
comeover过来;顺便来访
dropoff放下(某物);下车
eatup吃光;吃完
fallbehind落在...后面;输给别人
falldown跌倒;从...落下
findout查出(真相)
getback回来;取回
getdown下来;落下;把...取下来
getoff下来;从...下来
geton上(车)
getup起床
giveup放弃
goon继续
goout出去
goover过一遍;仔细检查
growup长大;成长
handin交上来
holdon等一等;(电话时)不挂断
hurryup赶快
lookout留神;注意
lookover(仔细)检查
lookup向上看;抬头看
passon传递;转移到...
pickup拾起;捡起
putaway放好;把...收起来
puton穿上;戴上;(戏剧等)上演
putdown把(某物)放下来
putup掛起;举起
runaway流失;逃跑;逃走
setoff出发;动身;启程
sendup发射;把...往上送
shutdown把...关上
sitdown坐下
slowdown减缓;减速
takeoff脱掉(衣服)
takeout取出
throwabout乱丢;抛撒
tripover(被...)绊倒
tryon试穿(衣服、鞋等);试戴
tryout试验;尝试
turndown关小;调低
turnon打开(电灯、收音机、等)
turnoff关(电灯、收音机、煤气等)
turnover(使)翻过来
wakeup醒来
wearout把...穿旧;磨坏
workout算出;制订出
writedown写下...
3、be+形容词+介词
bea
ngrywith对(某人)发脾气
beinterestedin对...感兴趣
beableto能;会
beafraidof害怕
beamazedat对...感到惊讶
beexcitedabout对...感到兴奋
befilledwith用...充满
befullof充满...的
begoodat/dowellin在...做得好
belatefor迟到
bemadein在...生产或制造
bemadeof由...组成;由...构成
bepleasedwith对...感到满意
beproudof以...自豪(高兴)
beusedfor/to/as用于
4、动词+名词/代词
begone\'spardon请原谅;对不起
domorningexercises做早操
doone\'shomework做作业
enjoyoneself过得快乐;玩得愉快
giveaconcert开音乐会
goboating去划船
gofishing去钓鱼
gohiking去徒步旅行
goskating去滑冰
goshopping(去)买东西
haveacold(患)感冒
haveacough(患)咳嗽
haveaheadache(患)头痛
haveatry尝试;努力
havealook看一看
havearest休息
haveaseat/takeaseat就坐;坐下
havesports进行体育活动
havesupper吃晚餐
hearof听说
holdasportsmeeting举行运动会
makeadecision作出决定
makeamistake犯错误
makeanoise吵闹
makefaces做鬼脸
makefriends交朋友
makemoney赚钱
takeone’splace代替某人的职务
teachoneself/learnbyoneself自学
takephotos照相
taketime花费(时间)
taketurns轮流
watchTV看电视
5、动词+名词/代词/副词+介词
catchupwith赶上
comeupwith找到;提出
getonwellwith与...相处融洽
givebirthto生(孩子)
helponeselfto自取;随便吃
makeroomfor给...腾出地方
playajokeon戏弄人;恶作剧
speakhighlyof称赞
saygoodbyeto告别;告辞
takeanactivepartin积极参加
takecareof照顾;照料;注意
6、其他类型
beawake醒着的beborn出生bebusydoing忙着做...cometrue实现
doone’sbest尽最大努力fallasleep睡觉;入睡gohome回家
goondoing(sth.)继续做某事;尽力getmarried结婚gettogether相聚
gostraightalong沿着...一直往前走hadbetter(do)最好(做......)
keepdoingsth.一直做某事makesure确保;确认;查明
makeupone\'smind下决心
2014年九年级英语动词、时态、语态复习专项训练
班级_________姓名__________得分____________
一、单项选择:
1、WhenIherinthehall,shewasplayingthepiano.
A.seeB.sawC.willseeD.amseeing
2、I’llgowithyouassoonasImywork.
A.willfinishB.finishedC.finishD.wouldfinish
3、HewilldobetterinEnglishifheharder.
A.illworkB.worksC.workingD.work
4、Sincehecameherelastyear,wehappy.
A.areB.havebeenC.hadbeenD.were
5、Petertheworkinaweek.
A.havefinishedB.finishesC.isfinishingD.willfinish
6、openthewindow.
A.WillyoupleaseB.PleasewillyouC.YoupleaseD.Please
7、Thesebooksinthelibraryforalongtime.
A.havekeptB.hadkeptC.havebeenkeptD.werekept
8、Manysheepeatinggrass.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
9、Icomeheretonight?
No,youneedn’t.
A.MayB.CanC.MustD.Shall
10、TheGreenfamilyLondonfornearlytwoyears.Theyallmisstheirhometown
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