托福听力模拟试题及答案卷七.docx
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托福听力模拟试题及答案卷七.docx
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托福听力模拟试题及答案卷七
2021年托福听力模拟试题及答案(卷七)
Researchersinthefieldofpsychologyhavefoundthatoneofthebestwaystomakeanimportantdecision,suchaschoosingauniversitytoattendorabusinesstoinvestin,involvestheutilizationofadecisionworksheet.Psychologistswhostudyoptimizationcomparetheactualdecisionsmadebypeopletotheoreticalidealdecisionstoseehowsimilartheyare.Proponentsoftheworksheetprocedurebelievethatitwillyieldoptimal,thatis,thebestdecisions.Althoughthereareseveralvariationsontheexactformatthatworksheetscantake,theyareallsimilarintheiressentialaspects.Worksheetsrequiredefiningtheprobleminaclearandconcisewayandthenlistingallpossiblesolutionstotheproblem.Next,thepertinentconsiderationsthatwillbeaffectedbyeachdecisionarelisted,andtherelativeimportanceofeachconsiderationorconsequenceisdetermined.Eachconsiderationisassignedanumericalvaluetoreflectitsrelativeimportance.Adecisionismathematicallycalculatedbyaddingthesevaluestogether.Thealternativewiththehighestnumberofpointsemergesasthebestdecision.
Sincemostimportantproblemsaremultifaceted,thereareseveralalternativestochoosefrom,eachwithuniqueadvantagesanddisadvantages.Oneofthebenefitsofapencilandpaperdecision-makingprocedureisthatitpermitspeopletodealwithmorevariablesthantheirmindscangenerallycomprehendandremember.Ontheaverage,peoplecankeepaboutsevenideasintheirmindsatonce.Aworksheetcanbeespeciallyusefulwhenthedecisioninvolvesalargenumberofvariableswithcomplexrelationships.Arealisticexampleformanycollegestudentsisthequestion"WhatwillIdoaftergraduation?
"Agraduatemightseekapositionthatoffersspecializedtraining,pursueanadvanceddegree,ortravelabroadforayear.
Adecision-makingworksheetbeginswithasuccinctstatementoftheproblemthatwillalsohelptonarrowit.Itisimportanttobeclearaboutthedistinctionbetweenlong-rangeandimmediategoalsbecauselong-rangegoalsofteninvolveadifferentdecisionthanshort-rangeones.Focusingonlong-rangegoals,agraduatingstudentmightrevisethequestionaboveto"WhatwillIdoaftergraduationthatwillleadtosuccessfulcareer?
"
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
(A)Atooltoassistinmakingcomplexdecisions.
(B)Acomparisonofactualdecisionsandidealdecisions
(C)Researchonhowpeoplemakedecisions
(D)Differencesbetweenlong-rangeandshort-rangedecisionmaking
2.Theword"essential"inline7isclosestinmeaningto
(A)introductory
(B)changeable
(C)beneficial
(D)fundamental
3.Theword"pertinent有关的,相关的"inline9isclosestinmeaningto
(A)relevant
(B)preceding在先的,前面的,在前的
(C)insightful富有洞察力的
(D)responsive
4.Ofthefollowingsteps,whichoccursbeforetheothersinmakingadecisionworksheet?
(A)Listingtheconsequencesofeachsolution
(B)Calculatinganumericalsummaryofeachsolution
(C)Decidingwhichconsequencesaremostimportant
(D)Writingdownallpossiblesolutions
5.Accordingtodecision-worksheettheory,anoptimaldecisionisdefinedasonethat
(A)hasthefewestvariablestoconsider
(B)usesthemostdecisionworksheets
(C)hasthemostpointsassignedtoit
(D)isagreedtobythegreatestnumberofpeople
6.Theauthordevelopsthediscussioninparagraph1bymeansof
(A)describingaprocess
(B)classifyingtypesofworksheets
(C)providinghistoricalbackground
(D)explainingatheory
7.Theauthorstatesthat"Ontheaverage,peoplecankeepaboutsevenideasintheirmindsatonce(lines17-18)toexplainthat
(A)mostdecisionsinvolvesevensteps
(B)humanmentalcapacityhaslimitations
(C)somepeoplehavedifficultymakingminoraswellasmajordecisions
(D)peoplecanlearntokeepmorethansevenideasintheirmindswithpractice
8.Theword"succinct简洁的"inline24isclosestinmeaningto
(A)creative
(B)satisfactory
(C)personal
(D)concise
9.Whichofthefollowingtermsisdefinedinthepassage?
(A)Proponents(line5)
(B)Optimal(line5)
(C)Variables(line17)
(D)Long-rangegoals(line25)
10.Theword"it"inline24refersto
(A)worksheet
(B)problem
(C)distinction
(D)decision
11.Theword"revise修订,修改,修正"inline26isclosestinmeaningto
(A)ask
(B)explain
(C)change
(D)predict
ADADCABDBBC
语法补充
百分比结构
most/half/rest/majority/some/onepercent/one-third/three-quarters+of+Noun.+V(V單複數由Noun.定)
n1+of+n2+v谓语由n1决定
eg:
Approximatelyfiftypercentofthe(package)(utilized)intheUnitedStatesarefor(foods)and(beverages)
答案:
Apackagepackages
By1776thefineartofpaintingasithaddevelopedinwesternEuropeuptothistimehadbeenintroducedintotheAmericancoloniesthroughbooksandprints,Europeanvisitorsandimmigrants,andtravelingcolonistswhobroughtbackcopies(andafeworiginal)ofoldmasterpaintingsandacquaintancewithEuropeanartinstitutions.
BytheoutbreakoftheRevolutionagainstBritishrulein1776,thestatusoftheartistshadalreadyundergonechange.Inthemid-eighteenthcentury,paintershadbeenwillingtoassumesuchartisan-relatedtasksasvarnishing,gildingteaching,keepingshops,andpaintingwheelcarriages,houses,andsigns.Theterminologybywhichartistsweredescribedatthetimesuggeststheirstatus:
"limner"wasusuallyappliedtotheanonymousportraitpainteruptothe1760's;"painter"characterizedanyonewhocouldpaintaflatsurface.Bythesecondhalfofthecentury,colonialartistswhoweretrainedinEnglandoreducatedintheclassicsrejectedthestatusoflaborerandthoughtofthemselvesasartists.Somecolonialurbanportraitists,suchasJohnSingletonCopley,BenjaminWest,andCharlesWilsonPeale,consortedwithaffluentpatrons.Althoughsubjecttofluctuationsintheireconomicstatus,allthreeenjoyedsufficientpatronagetoallowthemtomaintainanimageofthemselvesasprofessionalartists,animageindicatedbytheircustomofsigningtheirpaintings.AfewartcollectorsJamesBowdoinIIIofBoston,WilliamByrdofVirginian,andtheAliensandHamiltonsofPhiladelphiaintroducedEuropeanarttraditionstothosecolonistsprivilegedtovisittheirgalleries,especiallyaspiringartists,andestablishedintheirrespectivecommunitiestheideaofthevalueofartandtheneedforinstitutionsdevotedtoitsencouragement.
Althoughthecoloniststendedtofavorportraits,theyalsoacceptedlandscapes,historicalworks,andpoliticalengravingsasappropriateartisticsubjects.WiththecomingofindependencefromtheBritishCrown,asufficientnumberofartistsandtheirworkswereavailabletoservenationalisticpurposes.Theachievementsofthecolonialartists,particularlythoseofCopley,West,andPeale,lentcredencetotheboastthatthenewnationwascapableofencouraginggeniusandthatpoliticallibertywascongenialtothedevelopmentoftaste—anecessarystepbeforeartcouldassumeanimportantroleinthenewrepublic.
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
(A)EuropeaninfluenceoncolonialAmericanpainting
(B)Theimportanceofpatronagetoartist
(C)ThechangingstatusofartistsintheAmericancoloniesintheeighteenthcentury
(D)SubjectspreferredbyartistsintheAmericancoloniesintheeighteenthcentury.
2.Theword"outbreak"inline5isclosestinmeaningto
(A)cause
(B)beginning
(C)position
(D)explanation
3.Theword"undergoneundergo经历"inline6isclosestinmeaningto
(A)ledto
(B)transformed
(C)preferred
(D)experienced
4.Accordingtothepassage,beforetheAmericanRevolutionthemaintaskoflimnerswasto
(A)paintwheelcarriages
(B)paintportraits
(C)varnishfurniture
(D)paintflatsurfaces
5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatartistswhoweretrainedinEngland
(A)consideredartiststobesuperiortopainters
(B)barelypaintedportraitists
(C)wereoftenverywealthy
(D)imitatedEnglishpainters
6.Theword"consorted结交"inline14isclosestinmeaningto
(A)madedecisions
(B)studies
(C)agreed
(D)associated
7.Theword"sufficient充足的,充分的"inline16isclosestinmeaningto
(A)adequate
(B)temporary
(C)friendly
(D)expensive
8.Accordingtothepassage,artistssuchasCopley,WestandPealsignedtheirpaintings
(A)increasedthemonetaryvalueofthepaintings
(B)madeitmoredifficultforotherartiststocopythepaintings
(C)supportedtheartists'imageofprofessionalism
(D)distinguishedcolonialAmericanartistsfromEuropeanartists
9.TheauthormentionsJamesBowdoinIIIandWilliamByrdinline17asexamplesofwhichofthefollowing?
(A)ArtgalleryownerswhodisplayedonlyEuropeanart
(B)ArtcollectorswhohadaprofoundinfluenceonAmericanattitudestowardart
(C)Artistswhogavefinancialsupporttootherartists
(D)Patronswhosehelpedtoencourageartisanstobecomeartists
10.Withwhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?
(A)Countriesthathavenothadapoliticalrevolutionareunlikelytodevelopgreatart.
(B)Themostsuccessfulartcollectorsareusuallyartiststhemselves.
(C)ThevalueofcolonialAmericanpaintingsdecreasedaftertheRevolution.
(D)Colonialartistsmadeanimportantcontributiontotheevolvingcultureofthenewnation.
CBDBADACBD
语法补充
倒装句的主谓一致,后决定前
①therebe句型
There+be+n.
表係主由主決定係
eg:
(Thereare)no(known)society(inwhich)(left-handed)peoplepredominate.
答案:
Atherearethereis
②between,
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