美国宪法全文及参考译文.docx
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美国宪法全文及参考译文.docx
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美国宪法全文及参考译文
美国宪法全文及参考译文
TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica
美国宪法
编辑:
宗亚平
:
TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica
Preamble
WethePeopleoftheUnitedStates,inOrdertoformamoreperfectUnion,establishJustice,insuredomesticTranquility,provideforthecommondefense,promotethegeneralWelfare,andsecuretheBlessingsofLibertytoourselvesandourPosterity,doordainandestablishthisConstitutionfortheUnitedStatesofAmerica.
ArticleI
Section1
AlllegislativepowershereingrantedshallbevestedinaCongressoftheUnitedStates,whichshallconsistofaSenateandHouseofRepresentatives.
Section2
1.TheHouseofRepresentativesshallbecomposedofmemberschoseneverysecondyearbythepeopleoftheseveralStates,andtheElectorsineachStateshallhavethequalificationsrequisiteforElectorsofthemostnumerousbranchoftheStateLegislature.
2.NoPersonshallbeaRepresentativewhoshallnothaveattainedtotheageoftwentyfiveyears,andbeensevenyearsacitizenoftheUnitedStates,andwhoshallnot,whenelected,beaninhabitantofthatStateinwhichheshallbechosen.
3.[RepresentativesanddirecttaxesshallbeapportionedamongtheseveralStateswhichmaybeincludedwithinthisUnion,accordingtotheirrespectivenumbers,whichshallbedeterminedbyaddingtothewholenumberoffreepersons,includingthoseboundtoserviceforatermofyears,andexcludingIndiansnottaxed,threefifthsofallotherpersons.]TheactualenumerationshallbemadewithinthreeyearsafterthefirstmeetingoftheCongressoftheUnitedStates,andwithineverysubsequenttermoftenyears,insuchmannerastheyshallbylawdirect.ThenumberofRepresentativesshallnotexceedoneforeverythirtythousand,buteachStateshallhaveatleastoneRepresentative;anduntilsuchenumerationshallbemade,theStateofNewHampshireshallbeentitledtochoosethree,Massachusettseight,RhodeIslandandProvidencePlantationsone,Connecticutfive,NewYorksix,NewJerseyfour,Pensylvaniaeight,Delawareone,Marylandsix,Virginiaten,NorthCarolinafive,SouthCarolinafive,andGeorgiathree.
4.WhenvacancieshappenintherepresentationfromanyState,theExecutiveAuthoritythereofshallissuewritsofelectiontofillsuchvacancies.
5.TheHouseofRepresentativesshallchoosetheirSpeakerandotherofficers;andshallhavethesolepowerofimpeachment.
Section3
1.TheSenateoftheUnitedStatesshallbecomposedoftwoSenatorsfromeachState,chosenbytheLegislaturethereof,forsixyears;andeachSenatorshallhaveonevote.
2.Immediatelyaftertheyshallbeassembledinconsequenceofthefirstelection,theyshallbedividedasequallyasmaybeintothreeclasses.TheSeatsoftheSenatorsofthefirstclassshallbevacatedattheexpirationofthesecondyear,ofthesecondclassattheexpirationofthefourthyear,andofthethirdclassattheexpirationofthesixthyear,sothatonethirdmaybechoseneverysecondyear;andifvacancieshappenbyresignation,orotherwise,duringtherecessoftheLegislatureofanyState,theExecutivethereofmaymaketemporaryappointmentsuntilthenextmeetingoftheLegislature,whichshallthenfillsuchvacancies.
3.NoPersonshallbeaSenatorwhoshallnothaveattainedtotheageofthirtyyears,andbeennineyearsacitizenoftheUnitedStates,andwhoshallnot,whenelected,beaninhabitantofthatStateforwhichheshallbechosen.
4.TheVicePresidentoftheUnitedStatesshallbePresidentoftheSenate,butshallhavenovote,unlesstheybeequallydivided.
5.TheSenateshallchoosetheirotherofficers,andalsoaPresidentprotempore,intheabsenceoftheVicePresident,orwhenheshallexercisetheOfficeofPresidentoftheUnitedStates.
6.TheSenateshallhavethesolepowertotryallimpeachments.Whensittingforthatpurpose,theyshallbeonoathoraffirmation.WhenthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesistried,theChiefJusticeshallpreside:
Andnopersonshallbeconvictedwithouttheconcurrenceoftwothirdsofthememberspresent.
7.Judgmentincasesofimpeachmentshallnotextendfurtherthantoremovalfromoffice,anddisqualificationtoholdandenjoyanyofficeofhonor,trustorprofitundertheUnitedStates:
butthepartyconvictedshallneverthelessbeliableandsubjecttoindictment,trial,judgmentandpunishment,accordingtolaw.
Section4
1.Thetimes,placesandmannerofholdingelectionsforSenatorsandRepresentatives,shallbeprescribedineachStatebytheLegislaturethereof;buttheCongressmayatanytimebylawmakeoraltersuchregulations,exceptastotheplacesofchoosingSenators.
2.TheCongressshallassembleatleastonceineveryyear,andsuchmeetingshallbeonthefirstMondayinDecember,unlesstheyshallbylawappointadifferentday.
Section5
1.EachHouseshallbethejudgeoftheelections,returnsandqualificationsofitsownmembers,andamajorityofeachshallconstituteaquorumtodobusiness;butasmallernumbermayadjournfromdaytoday,andmaybeauthorizedtocompeltheattendanceofabsentmembers,insuchmanner,andundersuchpenaltiesaseachHousemayprovide.
2.EachHousemaydeterminetherulesofitsproceedings,punishitsmembersfordisorderlybehaviour,and,withtheconcurrenceoftwo-thirds,expelamember.
3.EachHouseshallkeepajournalofitsproceedings,andfromtimetotimepublishthesame,exceptingsuchpartsasmayintheirjudgmentrequiresecrecy;andtheyeasandnaysofthemembersofeitherHouseonanyquestionshall,atthedesireofonefifthofthosepresent,beenteredonthejournal.
4.NeitherHouse,duringthesessionofCongress,shall,withouttheconsentoftheother,adjournformorethanthreedays,nortoanyotherplacethanthatinwhichthetwoHousesshallbesitting.
Section6
1.TheSenatorsandRepresentativesshallreceiveacompensationfortheirservices,tobeascertainedbylaw,andpaidoutoftheTreasuryoftheUnitedStates.Theyshallinallcases,excepttreason,felonyandbreachofthepeace,beprivilegedfromarrestduringtheirattendanceatthesessionoftheirrespectiveHouses,andingoingtoandreturningfromthesame;andforanyspeechordebateineitherHouse,theyshallnotbequestionedinanyotherplace.
2.NoSenatororRepresentativeshall,duringthetimeforwhichhewaselected,beappointedtoanycivilofficeundertheauthorityoftheUnitedStateswhichshallhavebeencreated,ortheemolumentswhereofshallhavebeenincreasedduringsuchtime;andnopersonholdinganyofficeundertheUnitedStates,shallbeamemberofeitherHouseduringhiscontinuanceinoffice.
Section7
1.AllbillsforraisingrevenueshalloriginateintheHouseofRepresentatives;buttheSenatemayproposeorconcurwithamendmentsasonotherbills.
2.EverybillwhichshallhavepassedtheHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenate,shall,beforeitbecomealaw,bepresentedtothePresidentoftheUnitedStates;Ifheapproveheshallsignit,butifnotheshallreturnit,withhisobjectionstothatHouseinwhichitshallhaveoriginated,whoshallentertheobjectionsatlargeontheirjournal,andproceedtoreconsiderit.IfaftersuchreconsiderationtwothirdsofthatHouseshallagreetopassthebill,itshallbesent,togetherwiththeobjections,totheotherHouse,bywhichitshalllikewisebereconsidered,andifapprovedbytwothirdsofthatHouse,itshallbecomealaw.ButinallsuchcasesthevotesofbothHousesshallbedeterminedbyyeasandnays,andthenamesofthepersonsvotingforandagainstthebillshallbeenteredonthejournalofeachHouserespectively.IfanybillshallnotbereturnedbythePresidentwithintendays(Sundaysexcepted)afteritshallhavebeenpresentedtohim,thesameshallbealaw,inlikemannerasifhehadsignedit,unlesstheCongressbytheiradjournmentpreventitsreturn,inwhichcaseitshallnotbealaw.
3.Everyorder,resolution,orvotetowhichtheconcurrenceoftheSenateandHouseofRepresentativesmaybenecessary(exceptonaquestionofadjournment)shallbepresentedtothePresidentoftheUnitedStates;andbeforethesameshalltakeeffect,shallbeapprovedbyhim,orbeingdisapprovedbyhim,shallberepassedbytwothirdsoftheSenateandHouseofRepresentatives,accordingtotherulesandlimitationsprescribedinthecaseofabill.
Section8
1.TheCongressshallhavepower:
Tolayandcollecttaxes,duties,impostsandexcises,topaythedebtsandprovideforthecommondefenseandgeneralwelfareoftheUnitedStates;butallduties,impostsandexcisesshallbeuniformthroughouttheUnitedStates;
2.ToborrowmoneyonthecreditoftheUnitedStates;
3.Toregulatecommercewithforeignnations,andamongtheseveralStates,andwiththeIndiantribes;
4.Toestablishauniformruleofnaturalization,anduniformlawsonthesubjectofbankruptciesthroughouttheUnitedStates;
5.Tocoinmoney,regulatethevaluethereof,andofforeigncoin,andfixthestandardofweightsandmeasures;
6.ToprovideforthepunishmentofcounterfeitingthesecuritiesandcurrentcoinoftheUnitedStates;
7.ToestablishPostOfficesandPostRoads;
8.Topromotetheprogressofscienceandusefularts,bysecuringforlimitedtimestoauthorsandinventorstheexclusiverighttotheirrespectivewritingsanddiscoveries;
9.ToconstitutetribunalsinferiortotheSupremeCourt;
10.Todefineandpunishpiraciesandfeloniescommittedonthehighseas,andoffensesagainstthelawofnations;
11.Todeclarewar,grantlettersofmarqueandreprisal,andmakerulesconcerningcapturesonlandandwater;
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