宾语从句复习.docx
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宾语从句复习.docx
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宾语从句复习
如何学好宾语从句?
一、宾语从句的概念与位置:
所谓宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语的句子,宾语从句紧随在主句动词、介词、间接宾语或形容词之后。
1)动词之后:
Hesaysthathecan’tcometomorrow.
2)介词之后:
Sheisn’tinterestedinwhatheisdoing.
3)间接宾语之后:
Canyoutellmewhoheis?
4)形容词之后:
I’mafraidheisill.
二、宾语从句的连词
1)宾语从句为陈述句。
由that引导,这时that没有词义,只起引导作用,不充当句子成分,在口语或非正式文体中常常省略。
eg.Shesays(that)shewantstogohomenow.
Idon’tknow(that)heisAmerican.
2)宾语从句为一般疑问句时,由连词if或whether引导
eg.Doyouknowif/whetherhehasbeentoJapan?
Heaskedif/whetherIcouldhelphim.
只能用whether,不能用if引导的宾语从句
1.在带to的不定式前
例句:
Wedecidedwhethertowalkthere.
2.在介词的后面
例句:
I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgotoseethefilm.
3.在动词后面的宾语从句时
例句:
Wediscussedwhetherwehadasportsmeetingnextweek
4.直接与ornot连用时
例句:
Ican’tsaywhetherornotthetcancomeontime.
5.whether置于句首时,不能换用if。
如:
Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.这是否真的我说不上来
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
1.if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”
例句:
Thestudentswillgoonapicnicifitissunny.
2.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
例句:
HeaskedifIdidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.
3.引导状语从句evenif(即使)和asif(好象)时
例句:
Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.
但在下列情况下只能用whether:
①在具有选择意义,又有or或ornot时,尤其是直接与ornot连用时,往往用whether(if…ornot也可以使用)。
如:
Letmeknowwhether/ifhewillcomeornot.(=Letmeknowwhetherornothewillcome)让我知道他是否能来。
Idon'tknowwhether/ifhedoesanywashingornot.(=Idon'tknowwhetherornothedoesanywashing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
Iwonderwhetherwestayorwhetherwego.我不知道我们是去还是留。
②在介词之后用whether。
如:
I'minterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
We'rethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。
IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。
③在不定式前用whether。
如:
Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
Idon'tknowwhethertogo.我不知去否。
Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
④whether置于句首时,不能换用if。
如:
Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.这是否真的我说不上来
3)宾语从句为特殊疑问句时,由连接代词或连接副词引导,这时连词有词义,且在宾语从句中充当句子成分,常见的连接代词有:
what,who,whom,whose,which;连接副词有:
when,where,how,why,howmany,howmuch,howold,howlongetc.
eg.Canyoutelluswhattheyaredoing?
(在宾语从句中作宾语)
Wedon’tknowwhosepencilthisis.(whose在宾语从句中作pencil的定语并与pencil一起作表语)
Sheaskedwhowasthetallestinourclass.(作主语)
Wedon’tknowwhenthetrainarrives.(作时间状语)
PleasetellmehowIcangettothepostoffice.(作方式状语)
Doyouknowhowoldsheis?
(作表语)
三、宾语从句的语序
陈述句语序:
主句+连接词+陈述句语序的句子
宾语从句
四、宾语从句的时态:
和主句一致
1、 当主句为一般现在时,宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制,可用所需的任何时态,如:
LilyhasgonetoBeijing.
Ihear(that)Jimarrivedtwodaysago.
Shewillgotherebyplane.
2、当主句为过去时态时,宾语从句的时态受主句时态的限制,一般只能用表示过去的某种时态,即:
一般现在时~一般过去时
一般过去时~过去完成时
现在进行时~过去进行时
一般将来时~过去将来时
现在完成时~过去完成时
过去进行时~过去进行时
过去完成时~过去完成时
1)Shesaid,“Wehopeso.”→
Shesaid(that)theyhopedso.
2)Jeansaid,“Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”→
Jeansaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.
3)Shesaid,“Itoldherthenewsyesterday.”→
Shesaidshehadtoldherthenewsthedaybefore.
3、如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句的时态不变,即都用一般现在时。
如:
Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。
五、扩展:
1、宾语从句的否定:
一般情况下,宾语从句的否定与一般句子的否定一样,但动词think,believe等后跟宾语从句时,宾语从句的否定通常前移至主句中
eg.Idon’tthinkyouareright.我认为你不对。
eg.Wedon’tbelieveshecanswim.我们相信她不会游泳。
2、宾语从句与反意疑问句连用规律
含有宾语从句的反意疑问句有两种形式:
1)反意部分和主句谓语动词呼应:
Hesaysthatheiswrong,doesn’the?
2)如果主句的主语是第一人称单数I且谓语动词为think,believe,suppose等,反意疑问句一般和宾语从句的谓语呼应。
eg.Ithinkheisright,isn’the?
Idon’tbelievethathewillcome,willhe?
六、Exercise:
(一)单项选择:
()1.Iwonder____.
A.Whosebikeisit?
B.itiswhosebike
C.isitwhosebikeD.whosebikeitis.
()2.Doyouknow____?
A.WhathashappenedB.whathappen
C.whatishappenedD.whathappening
()3.Iwanttoknow____cometomorrow.
A.willsheB.whetherwillsheC.shewillD.whethershewill
()4.Thesmallboydidn’tknow____waitingfor.
A.whomweretheyB.whomaretheyC.whomtheywereD.whomtheyare
()5.Couldyoutellme_____?
A.whereisnearestshopB.whereisthenearestshop
C.thenearestshopiswhereD.Wherethenearestshopis
()6.Motheraskedherdaughter____whenshegrewup.
A.whatshewasB.whatshewouldbe
C.WhatwouldshebeD.Whatwasshegoingtobe
(D)7.Thesmallchildrendon’tknow______
A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whereisintheirstockings
C.whereistheirstockinginD.what’sintheirstockings
()8.Idon’tknow_____hewillcometomorrow.______hecomes,I’lltellyou.
A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If
(A)9.Pleaseaskher_______.
A.what’swrongwithhimB.whyshedidthatfor.
C.whatthematteriswithhimD.what’herfather
()10.SheaskedmeifIknew_______.
A.whosepenisitB.Whosepenitwas
C.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit
(二)句型转换:
将下列句子变成宾语从句或同义句
1.DoesMarryworkinthathospital?
Willyoutellme?
Willyoutellme____________Marry_______inthathospital?
2.Hashehandedinhishomework?
Doyouknow?
Doyouknow________hehashandedinhishomework?
3.Whatdidtheyfightabout?
Doyouknow?
Doyouknowwhatthey___________?
4.Whenshallwehaveameeting?
Canyoutellme?
Canyoutellme_______we______________ameeting?
5.“Wheredoyoulive?
”ThepolicemanaskedTom.
ThepolicemanaskedTomwhere____________.
6.Ihaven’tdecidedwhereIshouldgoformyholidays.(同义句)
Ihaven’tdecided_____________goformyholidays.
7.Canyoutellmewhenweshallsetoff?
(同义句)
Canyoutellme___________________________?
8.Weallthinktheyareclever.(同义句)
Weallthink________________.
习题
(一)
1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.
A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake
2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.
A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen
3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday.
A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are
4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.
A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay
5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.
A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelled
答案:
1-5ADCBC
习题
(二)
1Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty
A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that
2Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.
A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where
3Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who
4Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.
A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe
5.Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.
A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when
6.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening
A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow
7.Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.
AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose
答案:
1-7CBBAAAC
习题(三)
1.Theydon'tknowtheirparentsare.
AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich
2.Pleasetellme______whatlastyear.
A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked
3.SheaskedmeifIknew______.
A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit
4.Youmustremember________.
A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersay
C.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid
5Didyouknow____
A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingfor
C.whoheislookingforD.whoheislookingafter
6Couldyoutellme___
A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijing
C.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing
答案:
1-6BDBAAC
习题(四)
1.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_____WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.(北京市东城区)
A.thatB.howC.whatD.if
2.—Idon'tknow_____Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.
—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.(杭州市)
A.whyB.whenC.howD.where
3.—Weneverknow_____theoldmanis.
—Theysayheisateacher.(鄂州市)
A.whatB.whoC.whichD.where
4.Iwastold_____BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.(重庆市)
A.thathowB.howthatC.whenthatD.thatwhen
5.—Doyouknow_____I'mgoingtoseehim.
—Sorry,Idon'tknow.(北京市海淀区)
A.wheredoesMr.LiliveB.wheredidMr.Lilive
C.whereMr.LilivesD.whereMr.Lilived
6.—Wheredoyouthink_____he_____thecomputer
—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.(南京市)
A./;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buyD.does;buy
7.Idon'tfeelverywell.Mumaskedme_____thismorning.(重庆市)
A.whatthematterisB.whatiswrong
C.whatthematterwasD.whatwrongwas
8.—WhereisJack
—Heisawaytospendhisholiday.He'sgoneeithertoHangzhouortoWuhan,butI'mnotsure_____.(南昌市)
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.there
答案:
1—4DAAD5—8CACC
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