精选华师大版科学九年级下册3 生物进化拔高训练含答案解析第九十篇.docx
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精选华师大版科学九年级下册3 生物进化拔高训练含答案解析第九十篇.docx
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精选华师大版科学九年级下册3生物进化拔高训练含答案解析第九十篇
2019年精选华师大版科学九年级下册3生物进化拔高训练含答案解析第九十篇
第1题【单选题】
用达尔文的进化论观点分析,动物保护色的行成是()
A、环境变化的结果
B、生存竞争的结果
C、自然选择的结果
D、人工选择的结果
【答案】:
【解析】:
第2题【单选题】
下列观点属于进化论的是①生物是神创造的②地球上的生物是一次出现的③生物不是神创造的 ④生物是由共同的祖先逐渐演变而来的 ⑤各种生物之间无任何亲缘关系
⑥各种生物间有或近或远的亲缘关系()
A、③④⑥
B、①②⑤
C、①②⑥
D、②③⑤
【答案】:
【解析】:
第3题【单选题】
在英国的曼彻斯特地区,100年间桦尺蛾体色变化的原因是()
A、生存竞争的结果
B、自然选择的结果
C、人工选择的结果
D、过度繁殖的结果
【答案】:
【解析】:
第4题【单选题】
下面关于生存斗争的叙述中,正确的是()
A、生物与无机环境之间的斗争
B、生物之间以及生物与无机环境之间的斗争
C、同种生物个体之间的斗争
D、不同种生物之间的斗争
【答案】:
【解析】:
第5题【单选题】
下面是某同学对达尔文进化论的理解,其中错误的一项是()
A、变异的存在为自然选择提供了丰富的素材
B、在自然界中,生物个体都有遗传和变异的特性
C、只有发生有利变异的个体才能在生存斗争中生存下来
D、生物的变异是不定向的,生物进化的方向也是不定向的
【答案】:
【解析】:
第6题【单选题】
科学家发现在种子蕨的生活史中出现了种子,但没有花,说明种子蕨是()
A、裸子植物和被子植物之间的过渡类型
B、蕨类植物和裸子植物之间的过渡类型
C、蕨类植物和被子植物之间的过渡类型
D、苔藓植物和蕨类植物之间的过渡类型
【答案】:
【解析】:
第7题【单选题】
家兔的盲肠很发达,人类的盲肠已退化,这一事实可解释为()
A、人类起源于兔类
B、他们共同起源于水生动物
C、他们共同起源于单细胞动物
D、自然选择的结果
【答案】:
【解析】:
第8题【单选题】
下列关于某杀虫剂杀虫效果的叙述,不符合达尔文自然选择学说的一项是()
A、杀虫剂使用之后害虫产生抗药性强的变异
B、杀虫剂出现之前害虫存在过度繁殖的倾向
C、杀虫剂使用之后抗药性弱的个体被淘汰
D、害虫通过生存竞争实现了自然选择
【答案】:
【解析】:
第9题【单选题】
自然界中现存的生物,都是经过漫长的年代进化而来的。
下面有关进化的论述中,不科学的是()
A、生物进化的研究,要建立在对地质学、遗传学等领域的研究和综合分析的基础上,而且要涉及到许多研究方法,最需要的方法之一是比较
B、始祖鸟化石证明了鸟类是由古代爬行类进化而来的
C、按照自然选择学说的解释,长颈鹿的长颈是由于长颈鹿要不断伸长脖子吃高处的树叶而形成的
D、生物进化的总体趋势是由简单到复杂、由低等到高等、由水生到陆生
【答案】:
【解析】:
第10题【填空题】
抗生素是我国老百姓最熟悉,也是最溶液被“滥用”的药物,2015年4月14日,复旦大学对江苏、浙江、上海1000多名在校儿童尿液进行检测,结果显示,近6成儿童检出尿液中含抗生素,食品药品应是主要途径之一,预防性使用抗生素是典型的“滥用”抗生素,“滥用”抗生素会对人体产生毒副作用,特异体质的人还会产生过敏反应而导致休克,另外大量使用抗生素无疑是对致病菌抗药能力的“锻炼”,使其抗药性增强,“超级细菌”很大程度上就是抗菌药物“滥用”催生出来的,如果这种情况继续恶化下去,很可能使人类面临感染时无药可用的境地.
抗生素药分为处方药和非处方药两种,购买时通过看说明书的专用标识可进行确定,非处方药的标识是______.
特异体质的人能识别出抗生素为“非己”成分,作为______进行排斥和抵抗.
抗生素药类不能抵抗病毒,病毒的消除只能依靠自身的免疫能力,提高自身免疫能力,要做到______.
抗生素不能杀死具有______的细菌,这些细菌存留下来,并将这种性状遗传给下一代,由此看出,细菌耐药性增强也是长期______的结果.
【答案】:
【解析】:
第11题【填空题】
针对目前滥用青霉素等抗菌药物的现象,医学界提出:
“能不用药就不用;能少用就不多用;能口服不肌注;能肌注不输液”。
青霉素能破坏细菌的细胞壁而发挥杀菌作用,但对人体细胞无害。
从细胞结构分析,其原因是______。
青霉素的经常使用对细菌起了______作用,这种作用是定向的,使发生耐药变异的细菌生存下来,结果会导致细菌耐药性增强,引起药效下降。
【答案】:
【解析】:
第12题【实验探究题】
分析表格中的各图与其实物比例说明现代马是由始马,经过中马、草原古马逐渐演化而来的理由是什么?
科学家在研究马进化的过程中,采用了比较化石的方法.你知道科学家还采用什么方法来研究生物的进化吗?
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