上海市最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选及答案.docx
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上海市最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选及答案.docx
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上海市最新高考英语阅读理解精选及答案
上海市最新高考英语阅读理解精选及答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
TravelingTips
NoSmoking
FederalandStateGovernmentRegulationsdonotallowyoutosmokeonboardexpresscoacheswithinAustralia.
LuggageAllowance
Asafarepayingcustomeryouareentitledtotake2piecesofpersonalluggage.Eachmustnotexceed75cminlength,orweighmorethan20kg.
Excessluggagewillbecarriedatthecompany'sexcessluggagerateanddependingonspaceavailabilitymayberequiredtobecarriedonanothercoach.
LuggageTips
1)Keepyourvaluableswithyou.Money,jewellery,valuabledocuments,creditcards,keys,medicationsshouldberetainedbyyouandnotonthecoachatmealortransportstops.
2)Usesturdy,lockableluggage.Donotuseplasticbagsasthesemaysplitduringthetransit.
3)Makesureyouidentifyyourluggagewithanametag.
4)Backpacks—stowallitemsanddonotleavemugs,shoes,towelshangingoffyourbackpackasthesecangetcaughtinotherluggageandcausedamage.
DepartureTimes
Thetimeshownonyourticketisthecoachdeparturetime.Ifyouareboardinghalfwayandnotatatravelcentreorterminalyoushouldbeatthepickuppoint15minutesaheadofthistime,soyoucanbecomfortablyonboardbythetimethecoachisduetoleave.Ifyouareboardingatatravelcentreorterminal,pleasearriveatleast20minutespriortothepublisheddeparturetimeandremembertoallowextratimeatpeaktraveltimes.
DressRequirements
Asacourtesy,andsoasnottooffendfellowtravelers,areasonablestandardofclothingandfootwearisrequired.
(1)Asatraveler,youcan_____.
A.taketheluggage75cminlengthand20kginweightonly
B.leavevaluablebelongingsoncoachwhengoingformeals
C.identifyyourluggagebyattachinganametagtoit
D.leavethemugsandshoeshangingoffthebackpack
(2)Amongthefollowingtravelingtips,whichoneistrue?
A.SmokingisstrictlyforbiddenallovertheplaceswithinAustralia.
B.Plasticbagsshouldbeavoidedincaseofsplitduringthetransit.
C.15minutesaheadofthedeparturetimeshouldbeguaranteed.
D.Standardsofdressrequirementshavebeenspecificallylisted.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了旅行列出五个建议,并就每个建议进行了说明。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第三个建议LuggageTips中的“Makesureyouidentifyyourluggagewithanametag.”可知,确保你的行李上有姓名标签,也就是在行李上贴上姓名标签以识别你的行李,故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三个建议 LuggageTips中的“Donotuseplasticbagsasthesemaysplitduringthetransit.”可知,不要使用塑料袋,因为塑料袋可能会在运输过程中裂开,所以在运输过程中避免使用塑料袋以防裂开。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查,是一篇旅游类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并结合题目要求,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Onaverage,Americansspendabout10hoursadayinfrontofacomputerorotherelectronicdevicesandlessthan30minutesadayoutdoors.ThatisaclaimmadebyDavidStrayer,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofUtah.Inhis2017TEDTalk,Strayerexplainedthatallthistimespentwithtechnologyismakingourbrainstired.
Usinganelectronicdevicetoansweremails,listentothenewsandlookatFacebookputsalotofpressureonthefrontofthebrain,which,Strayerexplains,isimportantforcritical(有判断力的)thinking,problem-solvinganddecision-making.
So,itisimportanttogivethebrainarest.Andbeinginnaure,Strayerclaims,helpsgetatiredbrainawayfromtoomuchtechnology.Morethan15,000campersfromaroundtheworldattendedaninternationalcampingfestivalinSeptember.Thatiswhenfriendsandfamilytaketimeoffandescapetonatureforseveraldays.Theytakewalks,climb,explore,swim,sleep,eatandplay.Campingmaybejustwhatatiredbrainneeds.
TakeCarlforexample.HelivesinWestVirginiaandenjoyscamping.Hesaysthatstayingoutdoorsmakeshimfeelatease.Italsoprepareshimfortheworkhemustdo.KateSomersisanotherexamplewhoalsolivesinWestVirginia.Shesayssheenjoyscampingwithherhusbandandtwochildren.Shecallsita“regenerative”experience.
AttheUniversityofUtah,DavidStrayerhasstudiedbothshort-termandlong-termexposuretonature.Hefoundthatspendingshortamountsoftimeinnaturewithouttechnologydoescalmthebrainandhelpsittorememberbetter.However,hefound,itisthelong-termcontactwithnaturethatdoesthemostgood.Heandhisresearchteamfoundthatspendingthreedaysinnaturewithoutanytechnologyisenoughtimeforthebraintofullyrelaxandresetitself.
(1)WhatisDavidStrayer'sopinion?
A. Americansdislikeoutdooractivities.
B. Electronicequipmentshouldbequitted.
C. Newtechnologiesareadouble-edgedsword.
D. Electronicequipmentbringsgreatconvenience.
(2)WhydoesStrayerinsistwegooutdoors?
A. Totryanotherlifestyle.
B. Torefreshourbrain.
C. Tomakebetterdecisions.
D. Toplaywithourfamilyandfriends.
(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“regenerative”mean?
A. Reborn B. Memorable C. Remarkable D. Tiring
(4)Whichisthepropertitleforthepassage?
A. ElectronicEquipmentHarmstheBrain. B. GoodRestDevelopsGoodMemory.
C. TipsonUsingNewTechnologies.
D. BeinginNatureIsGoodfortheBrain.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)B
(3)A
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文,主要阐述电子产品的过多使用让大脑得不到休息,因而鼓励人们多进行户外活动,让大脑休息。
(1)推理判断题。
根据第二段Usinganelectronicdevicetoansweremails,listentothenewsandlookatFacebookputsalotofpressureonthefrontofthebrain可知,电子产品和网络信息给我们带了方便,也给我们大脑产生了巨大的压力,故可知,科技是一把双刃剑,故选C。
(2)细节理解题。
根据第三段So,itisimportanttogivethebrainarest.Andbeinginnature,Strayerclaims,helpsgetatiredbrainawayfromtoomuchtechnology.可知,亲近大自然,可以让我们疲惫的大脑远离科技产品,让大脑获得休息,故选B。
(3)词义猜测题。
根据前文TakeCarlforexample.HelivesinWestVirginiaandenjoyscamping.Hesaysthatstayingoutdoorsmakeshimfeelatease.Italsoprepareshimfortheworkhemustdo.可知,喜欢露营,呆在户外让他感到轻松,能够为必须做的工作做好准备,故可知这个过程是一个再生的过程,让大脑休息的过程,故选A。
(4)主旨大意题。
本文主要阐述电子产品的过多使用让大脑得不到休息,因而鼓励人们多进行户外活动,让大脑休息,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断,词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇说明类阅读,要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼),然后以此为线索,运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的:
段落、语句,仔细品味,同时根据上下文进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Ifyou'reafanofsmarttechnology,youmayhavehadsomesleeplessnightslately.That'sbecauseAlexa,theartificialintelligence(AI)behindUScompanyAmazon'sEchosmartspeakers,hasbeen"lettingoutanunprompted(自发的),creepy(令人毛骨悚然的)cacklefornoapparentreason,accordingtoBBCNews.
ManysocialmediauserssharedtheirstoriesofAlexascaringthemwiththeseeminglyunpromptedlaugh.
"EverytimeAlexalaughs,anangeldies,"TeslaandSpaceXfounderElonMuskjokedonsocialmedia.
OnMarch7,Amazonreleasedanupdatethatfixedtheproblem,sayingthatthelaughwascausedbyEchodevicesmistakenlythinkingthatusershadsaidthecommand"Alexa,laugh".
However,whatshouldhavebeenafunnystoryraisedtheongoingtopicofmanversusmachine.
Withtheriseofartificialandrobotictechnology,"Digitalmachinesstartedtodemonstratebroadabilitiesinpatternrecognition,complexcommunication,andotherareathatusedtobeparticularlyhuman,"wroteErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeintheirbookTheSecondMachineAge:
Work,Progress,andProsperityinaTimeofBrilliantTechnologies.TheybelievethatAIwill"domoreandmore,andourliveswillgetbetter".
However,eversincetheearliestdaysofAItherehavebeenconcernsthatsomeday,softwarewilltakeovertheworld,leavingthefateofhumansunknown.
"Withartificialintelligenceweareorderthedemon(魔鬼)MusktoldstudentsduringameetingatMITin2014."IfIhadtoguessatwhatourbiggestexistentialthreatis,it'sprobablythat.Soweneedtobeverycareful
Manyscientistshavesharedthesameconcern.ThelateBritishphysicistStephenHawkingsaidatatechnologyconferenceinPortugalinNovemberthat"computerscan.intheory,imitatehumanintelligence,andexceedit•••AIcouldbetheworsteventinthehistoryofourcivilization."
IfcreatorsaretosafelycontrolALhowever,Hawkingsuggestedthatthey"employbestpracticeandeffectivemanagement".
IamanoptimistandIbelievethatwecancreateAIforthegoodoftheworld,"hesaidattheconference."Wesimplyneedtobeawareofthedangers,identifythem,employthebestpossiblepracticeandmanagement,andprepareforitsconsequenceswellinadvance."
(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"cackle"inParagraph1probablymean?
A.movement
B.laughter
C.scream
D.story
(2)ThestoryofAlexaisintendedto .
A.leadintothediscussionabouthumansandAI
B.proveartificialintelligencehasitsweaknesses
C.informreadersofthedevelopmentofAI
D.showhowAlexa'sproblemwasfixed
(3)AccordingtoBrynjolfssonandMcAfee,whichstatementbelowisprobablyTRUE?
A.ThedevelopmentofAIcouldthreatenoursurvivaloneday.
B.Digitalmachineshavecompleteabilitytorecognizesomethingwithoutmistakes.
C.Robotswillnevermatchhumansincomplexcommunication.
D.Humansliveswillbegreatlyimprovedwiththehelpofrobots.
(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.ManVS.Machine
B.TimetoControlRiseofAI
C.CreepyAI
D.AI:
TheBiggestThreat
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)D
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,论述了人们对人工智能带来的潜在危险的不同观点,提醒我们要提前做好充分准备。
(1)考查猜测词义。
根据第二段中的"ManysocialmediauserssharedtheirstoriesofAlexascaringthemwiththeseeminglyunpromptedlaugh."可知很多社交媒体也分享了亚马逊公司的智能机器Alexa会发出令人毛骨悚然的笑声的事情。
此句中的"laugh"与文章第一段中的划线词"cackle"意义一样,故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
前四段中介绍了亚马逊公司的智能机器Alexa会发出令人毛骨悚然的笑声的事情,再根据第五段中的"However,whatshouldhavebeenafunnystoryraisedtheongoingtopicofmanversusmachine."这个故事引起了人与机器对抗的话题。
故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第五段中的"TheybelievethatAI
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