大一《希腊罗马神话》期末复习英文.docx

大一《希腊罗马神话》期末复习英文.docx

《大一《希腊罗马神话》期末复习英文.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《大一《希腊罗马神话》期末复习英文.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

大一《希腊罗马神话》期末复习英文

大一《希腊罗马神话》期末复习（英文）

希腊罗马神话复习

一．单选（课文）10分

二．判断（课文）10分

三．表格（默写）20分

Greek

Roman

RoleinMythology

Aphrodite

Venus

Goddessofbeauty,sexualdesire.（RM:

goddessofgardensandfields.）

Apollo

Apollo

Godofprophecy,medicineandarchery（lateGreek/RM:

godofsun）

Ares

Mars

Godofwar

Artemis

Diana

Goddessofthehunt（lateGreek/RM:

goddessofmoon）

Asclepius

Aesculapius

Godofmedicine

Athena

Minerva

Goddessofartsandcraftsandwar;helperofheroes（lateGreek/Rm:

goddessofwisdom）

Cronus

Sarturn

Godofthesky;ruleroftheTitans（RM:

goddessofagriculture）

Demeter

Ceres

Goddessofgrain

Dionysus

Bacchus

Godofwineandvegetation

Eros

Cupid

Godoflove

Gaea

Tellus

MotherEarth

Hades

Pluto

Godoftheunderworld;lordofthedead

Hephaestus

Vulcan

Godoffire;blacksmithofthegods

Hera

Juno

Goddessofmarriageandchildbirth;protectorofmarriedwomen;queenofthegods

Hermes

Mercury

Messengersofthegods;protectoroftravelers,thieves,andmerchants

Hestia

Vesta

Guardianofthehome

Poseidon

Neptune

Godoftheseaandearthquakes

Rhea

Ops

WifeofCronus/Sarturn;MotherGoddess

Uranus

Uranus

Godofthesky;fatheroftheTitans

Zeus

Jupiter

Rulerofthegods

四．名词解释（课后）20分

C1

1.delphic:

ItrelatestoDelphi.Itmeansambiguous.

2.Olypian:

ItrelatestoOlympianGods.Itmeansthatsomeoneislikeagod,especiallybybeingcalmandnotconcernedaboutordinarythings.

3.martial:

ItrelatestoMars.Itmeanssomethingconnectedwithwarandfighting.

4.nemesis:

ItrelatestoNemesis.Itmeansapunishmentthatisdeservedandcannotbeavoided.

5.titanic:

ItrelatestoTitans.Itmeanssomethingbig,strongandpowerful.

C2

1.Junoesque:

ItrelatestoJuno.ItmeanssomeoneiselegantandbeautifullikeJuno.

2.Argus-eyed:

ItrelatestoArgus.Itmeanssomeoneiswatchfulandalert.

3.satyr/satyriasis:

ItrelatestoSatyr.Itmeanssomeonethathasanabnormallyintensesexualdesireinmen.

4.mercurial:

ItrelatestoMercury.Itmeanshavingfeelingsthatchangesuddenlyandwithoutwarning.

C4

1.chaotic:

ItrelatestoChaos.Itmeansmessyanddisorder.

2.Pandora’sbox:

ItrelatestoPandora.Itmeanstherootoftroubles.

3.Promethean:

ItrelatestoPrometheus.ItmeansapersonwhoresemblesPrometheus.

C6

1.Dionysiac:

ItrelatestoDionysus.ItmeansSensuality,debauchery,andrevelry.

C7

1.Midas’/ass’sears:

ItrelatestoMidas.ItmeansAsecretthatcannotbehid.Italsomenassomeoneisshallowanduninformed.

2.Midas/thegoldentouch:

ItrelatestoMidas.Itmeanstouchingastoneandturningitintogold.

3.cuttheGordianknot:

ItrelatestoAlexander.Itmeanssolvingacomplexproblemwithaboldstrike.

C8

1.cereal:

ItrelatestoCeres.Itmeansgrains.

2.aureole:

ItrelatestoAurora.Itmeansabrightcircleoflight.

C9

1.Charon’sboat/ferry:

ItrelatestoCharon.Itmeanssomeoneisgoingtodie.

2.crosstheStyx:

Itmeanssomeoneisgoingtodie.

C12

1.gain/reap/win（one’s）laurels:

ItrelatestoDaphne.Itmeansgainingone’shonors.

2.Looktoone’slaurels:

ItrelatestoDaphne.Itmeanstoworkhardinordernottolosetheachievement.

3.rest/repose/retire/sit（back）onone’slaurels:

ItrelatestoDaphne.Itmeanstosatisfywithwhatyouhaveachievedandstoptrying.

4.aNoble/poetlaureate:

ItrelatestoDaphne.Itmeanstobeanoblepricewinner.

C13

1.cupidity:

ItrelatestoCupid.Itmeansaverystrongdesireforsomething.

2.erotic:

ItrelatestoEros.Itmeanssexualexcitement.

C14

1.Aphrodite’sgirdle:

ItrelatestoAphrodite.Itmeansunlimitedfemalesexuality.

2.adonis:

ItrelatestoAdonis.Itmeanssomeoneisahandsomeyoungman.

C16

1.Narcissism:

ItrelatestoNarcissus.Itmeansthehabitofalwaysthinkingaboutyourselfandadmiringyourself.

C17

1.Pygmalioneffect:

ItrelatestoPygmalion.Itisaphenomenoninwhichthegreatertheexpectationplaceduponpeople,thebettertheyperform.

C18

1.atlantean:

ItrelatestoAtalanta.Itmeansstrong,powerfulandgigantic.

2.Mountone’sPegasus:

ItrelatestoPegasus.Itmeanstowriteapoem.

3.achimerainone’sbrain:

ItrelatestoPerseus.Itmeansthefantasyinone’smind.

C20

1.thechoiceofHeracles:

ItrelatestoHeracles.Itmeanssomeoneisinadilemma.

2.CleansetheAugeanStable:

ItrelatestoAugeas.Itmeanstoremovesomethingtotally.

3.Herculeaneffort:

ItrelatestoHercules.Itmeansgreateffort.

C21

1.sowdragon’steeth:

Itmeanstoprovokewarbyspreadingdispute;orcultivatewarriorsormonster.

2.aCadmean/Pyrrhicvictory:

ItrelatestoCadmus.Itmeansavictorythatcomesatagreatcost.

C22

1.sphinxriddle:

ItrelatestoSphinx.Itmeansapuzzlewhichisverydifficulttosolve.

C24

1.theappleofdiscord:

Itmeanstherootofthetroubleandanysubjectofpossibleofcontentionordisagreement.

2.Achilles’heel:

ItrelatestoAchilles.Itmeansaweakpointinsomethingthatisotherwiseperfect.

3.hector:

ItrelatestoHector.Itmeanstointimidate or dominate in a blustering way.

4.AchillesandPatroclus:

ItrelatestoAchillesandPatroclus.Itmeansmalefriendship,aheroicfriendship.

5.FightlikeaTrojan:

Itmeanstofightwithgreatdetermination.

6.SulkylikeAchillesinhistent:

ItrelatestoAchilles.Itmeanssulky.

7.aTrojanhorse:

Itmeansthehiddendanger.

8.Myrmidon:

Itmeansafaithfulfollowerwhocarriesoutorderswithoutquestion.

9.HelenofTrojan:

ItrelatestoHelen.Itmeanstherootofwar;abeautywhoruinshercountry;aterribledisasterbroughtbysomebodyorsomethingyoulikebest.

10.Greekgift:

Itmeansagiftwithevilpurposeoftheenemy;agifttomurder.

五．简答题20分

C1

1.WhatdidtheancientGreeksknowabouttheirworld?

TheGreeksbelievedtheearthtobeflatandcircular,theirowncountryoccupyingthemiddleofit,thecentralpointbeingeitherMountOlympus,TheearthisdividedintotwoequalpartsbytheSea.AroundtheearthflowedtheRiverOcean.

2.Towhichplaceweremortalsfavoredbythegodstakenwhentheydied?

TheAethiopians.

3.HowdidZeusdividetheruleoftheworldwithhisbrother?

Zeus’sportionwastheheavens,Poseidon’stheoceanandHades’stherealmsofthedead.

4.HowwasVenusmarriedofftoVulcan?

JupitergavehertoVulcan,ingratitudefortheservicehehadrenderedinforgingthunderbolts.

5.HowdidtheFatesmeteouthumandestiny?

Thethreegoddesseswereassigneddistincttask:

Clothospunthe“thread”ofhumanfate,LachesisdispenseditandAtroposcutit.

C2

1.WhatwasZeus’usualwayofhidinghisscandals?

2.

HeraisedacloudtohidesomeofhisdoingsthatwouldnotbearthelightandHeturnedthegirlintoananimal.

3.Howdidthemusicalinstrument“panpipe”comeintobeing?

4.

PanfellinlovewithAnymphcalledSyrinx,whowasafaithfulworshipperofArtemis.Hechasedhertothebankofriver.Withthewaternymph’shelp,Syrinxwasturnedintoreeds.Panwassosadandhemadeaninstrumentwiththereeds,whichcalledSyrinx.Andthatisthepanpipe.

5.HowcanyouaccountforZeus’spromiscuity?

6.

ThepromiscuityofZeusservesmorethanentertainingpurposes.Itisoutofpoliticalpurpose.Menhaveapowerfulabilitytoreproduceinordertoreproducemoreoffspring,.Formostofthepeopleintheworldflowshisblood,isoneofthemethodscanhavemorefaithfulfollows.Andthenumberofthefaithfulfollowsdecidewhetherhisregimeisfirm.

C4

1.WhatwasthedirectcauseofPrometheus’obtainingfireforman?

2.

WhenEpimetheuscreatedman,hehadnothingleftforhim.

3.WhatattitudetowardwomenisshownthroughthestoryofPandora?

ThestoryshowstheancientGreeksthoughtwomenwereinferiorandaffiliatedtomen,andtheyweretherootevilandtrouble.

4.Whichageofmanappliestoourownage?

Pleaseelaborate.

IthinkweareintheIronAge.Peopleworkdayandnightandman’scharacterismorecomplex,thoughmixedwithkindness,butmoreevil.Humanwantstoruleeverything.Peoplenolongertrusteachother.Marriedpeopledonotloveeachother.Vowsareregardedasdust.Kindnessandjusticearenolongerseenasthenormofconduct,butmerelyviolence.

5.Howisthefirstwomanoftendescribedasa“lovelyevil”HowdoesshecomparewithEveintheBookofGenesis

6.

Pandoraisdescribedasa“lovelyevil”becauseshewasthemostbeautifulandsweetestwoman,butsheopenedboxandmademanyevilthingsfree.

BothPandoraandEvearebeauties.Theyarealsodescribedastherootoftroublestotaketheblameforthemalesociety.Buttheywerecreatedoutofdifferentpurpose.PandorawascreatedasthecostofPrometheusstealingthefireforman.Shesymbolizesagreattemptationandhumanmisery.Eveisinferiorandaffiliatedtothemanandjustlikeaslaveandshewascreatedtohelpman.

7.WhydidZeustrytowithholdfirefromhumanbeings?

Becausefireisasymbolfortechnologyandcivilization.A basic distinction in myth between raw & cooked and wild & civilized.As a revenge for Prometheus' earlier theft of the finest sacrificial portions. 

By withholding fire, Zeus makes the division of the sacrifice impracticable. The humiliation of Zeus prompted him to take the extreme measure of withholding fire from mankind, without which man would soon be little more than animals. 

C6

1.WhatledtoBacchus’wanderings?

2.

Bacchus invented how to plant grapes and brew wine. He was wandering around 

and spread this kind of knowledge to bring people the joy of drinking.

C7

1.HowdidMidasacquirethepowerofturningeverythingtogold?

Because Midas rescued Bacchus’steacher, Slilenus, and treated him hospitably, entertaining 

him for ten days and nights with an unceasing round of jollity. In return, Bacchus gave him the

power of turning everything to gold.

C8

1.WhatmadeHadesfallinlovewithProserpine?

As signs of womanly beauty began to s