英语英语阅读理解科普环保练习题20篇.docx
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英语英语阅读理解科普环保练习题20篇.docx
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英语英语阅读理解科普环保练习题20篇
【英语】英语阅读理解(科普环保)练习题20篇
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读下面文章,然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出每个问题的最佳选项。
AninternationalteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofOxfordhavefoundthatthewaypeopleusetheInternetiscloselytiedtotheseasonalmovementsinthenaturalworld.Theironlinespeciessearchesfollowthepatternsofseasonalanimalmigrations(迁徙).
Migratorybirds(候鸟)floodbacktowheretheyreproduceeveryspring.Thatmigratorybehaviorisaccompaniedbysomehumanbehavior."InEnglish-languageWikipedia(维基百科),theonlinesearchesformigratoryspeciestendtoincreaseinspringwhenthosebirdsarriveintheUnitedStates,"saidtheleadauthorJohnMittermeier.
Andnotjustbirds.Mittermeierandhisteamsurveyednearly2.5billionWikipediasearchrecords,for32,000species,across245languages.Theyalsosawvariablesearchratesforinsects,horsetailsandfloweringplants.SeasonaltrendsseemedtobewidespreadinWikipediabehaviorformanyspeciesofplantsandanimals.
Thisfindingsuggestsnewwaystomonitorchangesintheworld'sbiologicaldiversity.Italsoshowsnewwaystoseehowmuchpeoplecareaboutnature,andwhichspeciesandareasmightbethemosteffectivetargetsforconservation.
Mittermeierisencouragedbythesearchresults.Hecommented,"Ithinkthere'saconcernamongconservationists(生态环境保护者)thatpeoplearelosingtouchwiththenaturalworldandthatthey'renotinteractingwithnativespeciesanymore.Andsointhatsense,itwasreallyexcitingandquiteunexpectedformetoseepeople'sWikipediainterestcloselyrelatedtochangesinnature."
RichardGrenyer,AssociateProfessorfromtheUniversityofOxford,sayssearchdataisusefultoconservationbiologists,"Byusingthesebigdataapproaches,wecandirectourattentiontowardsthedifficultquestionsinmodernconservation:
whichspeciesandareasarechanging,andwherearethepeoplewhocarethemostandcandothemosttohelp."
(1)Whathaveresearchersfoundaboutspeciessearches?
A.Theystrengthentiesamongpeople.
B.Theyaffecttheanimalmovements.
C.Theydifferinlanguagebackgrounds.
D.Theyreflectanimalmigrationseasons.
(2)WhatisthepurposeofwritingParagraph3?
A.Tosummarizetheresearchprocess.
B.Tofurthersupporttheresearchfindings.
C.Toshowthevarietyofspeciessearches.
D.Topresentresearchers'heavyworkload.
(3)HowdoesMittermeierfeelaboutthesearchresults?
A.SatisfiedwithWikipedia'sservice.
B.WorriedaboutWikipediabehavior.
C.Amazedatpeople'scareaboutnature.
D.Sadaboutpeople'snotgettingclosetonature.
(4)WhydoesRichardthinksuchsearchdataisuseful?
A.Ithelpstoaimatconservationtargets.
B.Itincreasesinterestinbigdataapproaches.
C.Itkeepstrackoftrendsinbiologists'work.
D.Itpushespeopletosolvedifficultproblems.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,牛津大学的一个国际研究小组发现,人们使用互联网的方式与自然界的季节性运动密切相关。
他们的在线物种搜索遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。
这一发现提出了监测世界生物多样性变化的新方法。
它还展示了一种新的方式来了解人们有多关心自然,以及哪些物种和地区可能是最有效的保护目标。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Theironlinespeciessearchesfollowthepatternsofseasonalanimalmigrations(迁徙).”可知关于物种搜索,研究人员发现了他们遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。
故选D。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“SeasonaltrendsseemedtobewidespreadinWikipediabehaviorformanyspeciesofplantsandanimals.”可知在维基百科上,许多动植物的行为似乎都有季节性趋势。
即第三段的写作目的是为了进一步支持研究结果。
故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的“itwasreallyexcitingandquiteunexpectedformetoseepeople'sWikipediainterestcloselyrelatedtochangesinnature”可知Mittermeier看到人们对维基百科的兴趣是与大自然的变化密切相关的,感到非常兴奋和意外。
故选C。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Byusingthesebigdataapproaches,wecandirectourattentiontowardsthedifficultquestionsinmodernconservation:
whichspeciesandareasarechanging,andwherearethepeoplewhocarethemostandcandothemosttohelp.”可知Richard认为通过使用这些大数据方法,我们可以将我们的注意力转向现代保护中的难题:
哪些物种和地区正在发生变化,哪些人最关心这些问题,哪些人能够提供最多的帮助。
即他认为这些搜索数据可以有助于设定保护目标。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读理解
Researchershavefoundbeescandobasicmathematics,inadiscoverythatdeepensourunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenbrainsizeandbrainpower.Recently,AstudyconductedbyresearchersfromRMITUniversityinMelbourne,Australiashowedthatbeescouldperformarithmeticoperationslikeadditionandsubtraction(减法).
Solvingmathproblemsrequiresacomplexlevelofinvolvingthementalmanagementofnumbers,long-termrulesandshort-termworkingmemory.ThefindingthateventhetinybrainofahoneybeecangraspbasicmathematicaloperationshasapossibleeffectonthefuturedevelopmentofArtificialIntelligence,particularlyinimprovingrapidlearning.
RMIT'sProfessorAdrianDyersaidnumerical(数字的)operationslikeadditionandsubtractionarecomplexbecausetheyrequiretwolevelsofprocessing.“Youneedtobeabletoholdtherulesaroundaddingandsubtractinginyourlong-termmemory,whilementallyusingskillfullyasetofgivennumbersinyourshort-termmemory,”Dyersaid.“Ontopofthis,ourbeesalsousedtheirshort-termmemoriestosolvearithmeticproblems,astheylearnedtorecognizeplusorminusasabstractconcepts.”
Thefindingssuggestthatadvancednumericalcognition(认知)maybefoundmuchmorewidelyinnatureamongnon-humananimalsthanpreviouslysuspected.
“Ifmathdoesn'trequireamassivebrain,theremightalsobenewwaysforustoincludeinteractionsofbothlong-termrulesandworkingmemoryindesignstoimproverapidAIlearningofnewproblems,”saidDyer.
Manyspeciescanunderstandthedifferencebetweenquantitiesandusethistosearchforfood,makedecisionsandsolveproblems.Butnumericalcognition,suchasexactnumberandarithmeticoperations,requiresamorecomplexlevelofprocessing.
Previousstudieshaveshownsomeprimates(灵长目动物),birds,babiesandevenspiderscanaddand/orsubtract.Thenewresearch,publishedinScienceAdvances,addsbeestothatlist.
(1)WhathavetheresearchersfromRMITUniversitydiscovered?
A. Therelationshipbetweenbrainsizeandbrainpower.
B. Long-termrulesandshorttermworkingmemory.
C. Beescanperformcomplexarithmeticoperations.
D. Beescandobasicmathematics.
(2)AccordingtoAdrianDyer,bees'numericalcognition________.
A. requiresadditionandsubtractiontwocomplexprocessing
B. hasapossibleeffectonthefuturedevelopmentofAI
C. onlyinvolvestheirshort-termworkingmemory
D. callsforalotofmathsknowledge
(3)Whatdoesthefindingofthenewresearchsuggest?
A. Beescanrecogizetheexactnumber.
B. Arithmeticoperationsexistinhumanandbees.
C. Numericalcognitionhasbeenfoundinmanymorespecies.
D. Someprimates,birdsandevenspiderscanaddandsubstract.
(4)Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A. ADiscoveryAbouttheTinyBrainofBees
B. NewFindingsAboutBeesHavingNumericalCogintion
C. NumericalCognitionRequiresaComplexLevelofProcessing
D. TheRelationshipBetweenBrainSizeandBrainPower
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,RMIT大学的研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。
此前的研究表明,一些灵长类动物、鸟类、婴儿甚至蜘蛛都可以加减法。
发表在《科学进展》(ScienceAdvances)杂志上的这项新研究将蜜蜂也列入了这一名单。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Australiashowedthatbeescouldperformarithmeticoperationslikeadditionandsubtraction(减法).”澳大利亚证明蜜蜂可以做加法和减法等算术运算。
”可知,RMIT大学的 研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。
故选D。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第五段中的“Ifmathdoesn'trequireamassivebrain,theremightalsobenewwaysforustoincludeinteractionsofbothlong-termrulesandworkingmemoryindesignstoimproverapidAIlearningofnewproblems,”如果数学不需要一个巨大的大脑,那么在设计中,我们也可能有新的方法来包括长期规则和工作记忆的互动,从而提高人工智能对新问题的快速学习,可知,AdrianDyer认为,蜜蜂的数字认知对人工智能的未来发展可能有影响。
故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的“Manyspeciescanunderstandthedifferencebetweenquantitiesandusethistosearchforfood,makedecisionsandsolveproblems.Butnumericalcognition,suchasexactnumberandarithmeticoperations,requiresamorecomplexlevelofprocessing.”许多物种都能理解数量之间的差异,并以此来寻找食物、做出决定和解决问题。
但是数字认知,比如精确的数字和算术运算,需要更复杂的处理。
可知,新研究的发现说明了在更多的物种中发现了数字认知。
故选C。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据最后一段中的“Previousstudieshaveshownsomeprimates(灵长目动物),birds,babiesandevenspiderscanaddand/orsubtract.Thenewresearch,publishedinScienceAdvances,addsbeestothatlist.”此前的研究表明,一些灵长类动物、鸟类、婴儿甚至蜘蛛都可以加减法。
发表在《科学进展》(ScienceAdvances)杂志上的这项新研究将蜜蜂也列入了这一名单。
”故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.犇犇阅读理解
Whilethestartofanewschoolyearisalwaysexciting,thisyearwasevenmoresoforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland,NewZealand.Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe"taught"byadigitalteacher.Beforeyoustartimaginingahuman-likerobotwalkingaroundtheclassroom,Willisjustanavatarthatappearsonthestudent'sdesktop,orsmartphonescreen,whenorderedtocome.
Theautonomousanimationplatformhasbeenmodeledafterthehumanbrainandnervoussystem,allowingittoshowhuman-likebehavior.ThedigitalteacherisassignedtoteachVector's"Besustainablewithenergy"—afreeprogramforAucklandelementaryschools.
Justlikethehumansitreplaced,Willisabletoinstantlyreacttothestudents'responsestothetopic.Thankstoawebcamandmicrophone,theavatarnotonlyrespondstoquestionsthekidsmayhave,butalsopicksupnon-verbalcues.Forinstance,ifastudentsmilesatWill,herespondsbysmilingback.Thistwo-wayinteractionnotonlyhelpsattractthestudents'attention,butalsoallowstheprogram'sdeveloperstomonitortheirengagement,andmakechangesifneeded.
NikhilRavishankarbelievesthatWill-likeavatarscouldbeanovelwaytocatchtheattentionofthenextgeneration.Hesays,“Ihavealotofhopeinthistechnologyasameanstodelivercost-effective,rich,educationalexperienceinthefuture.”
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