英语动词不规则变化表.docx
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英语动词不规则变化表.docx
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英语动词不规则变化表
英语动词不规则变化表
★记忆法一:
常见93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下:
一、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。
(共9个)
cost—cost—costcut—cut—cuthit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurtlet—let—let
put—put—putread—read—readset—set—setshut—shut—shut
二、A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。
(共41个)
1过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。
(3个)
bring—brought—broughtbuy—bought—boughtthink—thought—thought
2词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。
(4个)
build—built—builtlend—lent—lentsend—sent—sentspend—spent—spent
3过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。
(2个)
catch—caught—caughtteach—taught—taught
4把-eep变为-ept。
(3个)
keep—kept—keptsleep—slept—sleptsweep—swept—swept
5把-ell变为-old。
(2个)
tell—told—toldsell—sold—sold
6过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。
(4个)
smell—smelt—smeltspell—spelt—speltfeel—felt—feltspill—spilt—spilt
7过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。
(3个)
learn—learnt—learntmean—meant—meantspoil—spoilt—spoilt
8过去式、过去分词词尾是d。
(4个)
say—said—saidpay—paid—paidlay—laid—laidhear—heard—heard
9改变元音字母。
(11个)
meet—met—met
get—got—got
sit—sat—sat
find—found—found
hold—held—held
spit—spat—spat
shine—shone—shone
win—won—won
hang—hung—hung
dig—dug—dug
lose—lost—lost
10改变辅音字母。
(1个)
make—made—made
11改变元、辅音字母。
(4个)
leave—left—left
stand—stood—stood
have(has)—had—had
understand—understood—understood
三、A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。
(共35个)
1i—a—u变化。
(6个)
begin—began—begun
drink—drank—drunk
sing—sang—sung
ring—rang—rung
swim—swam—swum
sink—sank—sunk
2词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。
(5个)
blow—blew—blown
draw—drew—drawn
grow—grew—grown
know—knew—known
throw—threw—thrown(show除外)
3词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。
(4个)(give,hide除外)
drive—drove—driven
write—wrote—written
ride—rode—ridden
rise—rose—risen
4过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。
(5个)
break—broke—broken
choose—chose—chosen
freeze—froze—frozen
speak—spoke—spoken
wake—woke—woken
5过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。
(1个)
forget—forgot—forgotten
6过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。
(6个)
be—was(were)—been
eat—ate—eaten
fall—fell—fallen
give—gave—given
see—saw—seen
hide—hid—hidden(hid)
7词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。
(2个)
take—took—taken
mistake—mistook—mistaken
8原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。
(6个)
do—did—done
fly—flew—flown
go—went—gone
lie—lay—lain
show—showed—shown
wear—wore—worn
四、A—A—B型,即过去式和原形相同。
(1个)
beat—beat—beaten
五、A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。
(3个)
come—came—come
become—became—become
run—ran—run
六、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。
(4个)
can—could
may—might
will—would
shall—should
★记忆法二:
不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一类词。
学生难学,老师难教。
幸好它们不是杂乱无章的,可根据其中的一些部规律来记忆。
下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法,以期大家在攻克这一难关时,能收到事半功倍的效果。
一、原形、过去式、过去分词相同:
cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut
(细心的你一定会发现,这些词多数是以字母t结尾的。
)
二、原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同:
beat/beat/beaten
三、原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:
come/came/come become/became/become run/ran/run
(come,become,属不规则变化,但welcome属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:
welcomed,welcomed)
四、过去式,过去分词相同:
(1)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e
meet/met/met feed/fed/fed
(2)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t
feel/felt/felt sleep/slept/slept
keep/kept/kept sweep/swept/swept
(3)词尾为的ll去掉一个l加t
spell/spelt/spelt smell/smelt/smelt spill/spilt/spilt
(4)过去式和过去分词以aught或ought结尾
catch/caught/caught teach/taught/taught bring/brought/brought
buy/bought/bought think/thought/thought
(5)将stand改为stood
stand/stood/stood understand/understood/understood
(6)将ay改为aid
lay/laid/laid pay/paid/paid say/said/said
(7)将d改为t
lend/lent/lent send/sent/sent
spend/spent/spent build/built/built
(8)将i改为a,o,u等
sit/sat/sat spit/spat/spat
dig/dug/dug win/won/won
(9)将ell改为old
tell/told/told sell/sold/sold
(10)词尾加t
learn/learnt/learnt mean/meant/meant
dream/dreamt/dreamt spoil/spoilt/spoilt
(11)有两种过去式和过去分词,一种是不规则的,一种是规则的:
learn/learnt/learnt learn/learned/learned
shine/shone/shone shine/shined/shined
hang/hung/hung hang/hanged/hanged
smell/smelt/smelt smell/smelled/smelled
burn/burnt/burnt burn/burned/burned
light/lii/lit light/lighted/lighted
(12)其它
have(has)/had/had hear/heard/heard
shoot/shot/shot lose/lost/lost
hold/held/held get/got/got(AmEgotten)
find/found/found make/made/made
leave/left/left
五、三者均不同:
(1)过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾
blow/blew/blown fly/flew/flown
grow/grew/grown know/knew/known
throw/threw/thrown
值得注意的是:
show/showed/shown或showed draw/drew/drawn
(2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词
begin/began/begun drink/drank/drunk
ring/rang/rung sing/sang/sung
swim/swam/swum sink/sank/sunk
(3)改i为o变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾
drive/drove/driven write/wrote/written
rise/rose/risen ride/rode/ridden
(4)原形后加n变成过去分词
drive/drove/driven rise/rose/risen eat/ate/eaten
give/gave/given fall/fell/fallen
(5)过去式后加n变成过去分词
break/broke/broken choose/chose/chosen
freeze/froze/frozen mistake/mistook/mistaken
steal/stole/stolen speak/spoke/spoken
take/took/taken wake/woke/woken(或woke)
(6)其它
be/was或were/been do/did/done forget/forgot/forgotten
go/went/gone hide/hid/hidden see/saw/seen
wear/wore/worn
六、有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。
wake/woke/woken(或woke)wake/waked/waked
sink/sank/sunk sink/sunk/sunken
七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:
shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词:
shone/shone照耀 shined/shined擦亮
hung/hung悬挂 hanged/hanged绞死
八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词
lie躺卧lay/lain/lying(现在分词)
lay放,下蛋laid/laid/laying
find找到、发现find/found/found
found创建,成立found/founded/founded
九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆
(一)词义相对:
(1)come/came/come来——go/went/gone去
(2)give/gave/given给——get/got/got(AmEgotten)获得
(3)sleep/slept/slept睡觉—wake/woke/woken(或woke)
或wake/waked/waked醒来
(4)rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起——fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下
sink/sank/sunk sink/sunk/sunken沉下,(使)下沉
(5)buy/bought/bought买——sell/sold/sold出售,卖
(6)take/took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought带来
(7)teach/taught/taught教——learn/learnt/learnt
或learn/learned/learned学习、学会
(8)lose/lost/lost丢失、失败——find/found/found找到
win/won/won赢得、(获)胜
(9)stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐
(10)send/sent/sent送、寄、发送——get/got/got获得、收到
(二)词义相近:
(1)beat/beat/beaten打,打败 win/won/won赢得、获胜
(2)understand/understood/understood懂,了解
know/knew/known知道,了解,认识
(3)get/got/got(AmEgotten)变成、成为、变得
become/became/become变成,成为,变得
go/went/gone变成turn/turned/turned变成
(4)spend/spent/spent花费、度过
pay/paid/paid支付、交纳
cost/cost/cost花费、价值为
take/took/taken花费
(5)say/said/said说、讲
speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲
tell/told/told告诉、说、吩咐、断定
talk/talked/talked谈话,讲,谈论,议论
★记忆法三:
1.无变化,过去式与原形相同。
let→let,put→put,hit→hit,must→must,set→set,beat→beat,cast→cast,cost→cost,cut→cut,hurt→hurt,read→red,shut→shut
(shed→shedsplit→splitspread→spreadburst→burst)
2.元音字母的变化。
i→a:
begin→began,drink→drank,ring→rang,sing→sang,swim→swam,give→gave,sit→sat,sink→sank
i→o:
drive→drove,ride→rode,shine→shone,write→wrote,rise→rose,win→won,
(strive→strovearise→arose)
i→ou:
find→found(wind→wound,bind→bound,grind→ground)
a→oo:
take→took,shake→shook
e→o:
get→got,forget→forgot
o→a:
come→came,become→became
oo→o:
shoot→shot,choose→chose
3.元音字母组合的变化。
aw/ow/y→ew:
draw→drew,blow→blew,grow→grew,know→knew,throw→threw,fly→flew
4.元音字母和辅音字母都有变化。
(1)sell→sold,tell→told,retell→retold
(2)say→said,pay→paid,lay→laid,relay→relaid
(3)sweep→swept,keep→kept,sleep→slept,creep→crept
(4)bring→brought,buy→bought,think→thought,fight→fought
(5)catch→caught,teach→taught
(6)can→could,will→would,shall→should
5.辅音字母变化。
(1)build→built,send→sent,bend→bent,lend→lent,rend→rent,spend→spent
(2)make→made,have→had,hear→heard
(3)mean→meant,learn→learnt
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- 关 键 词:
- 英语 动词 不规则 变化
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