完整初中英语数词专项.docx
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完整初中英语数词专项.docx
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完整初中英语数词专项
数词讲解专项练习
1数词的讲解
一、定义:
表示数目或顺序
二、分类:
分为基数词和序数词两种。
表示数目或数量多少的词叫基数词;表示数目顺序的词叫序数词。
三、基数词的构成:
1)1-12的基数词是独立的单词,即:
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve。
2)13-19的基数词以-teen结尾。
如:
fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18较特殊,13—thirteen,15—fifteen,18—eighteen。
3)20-90的整十位均以-ty结尾。
如:
sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80较特殊,20—twenty,30—thirty,40—forty,50—fifty,80—eighty。
4)十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号"-",如:
28-twenty-eight,96-ninety-six。
5)百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and,如:
148—onehundredandforty-eight
406—fourhundredandsix
6)hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万),billion(十亿)等前面即使有具体的数词,several,some,many也不能在它们的后面加-s。
如:
sixhundred,eightmillion。
如果表示不确定数目时,用hundredsof/thousandsof/millionsof/billionsof+名词复数,前面不能再加数字。
7)1000以上的数字,从后往前数每三位加一个逗号","第一个逗号前为千(thousand),第二个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)。
英语中无“万”这个词,我们可以用"几十个千(thousand)"表示几万,"几百个千(thousand)"表示"几十万"。
如:
2,510=twothousandfivehundredandten
84,296=eighty-fourthousandtwohundredandninety-six
274,350=twohundredandseventy-fourthousandthreehundredandfifty。
四、序数词的构成:
1)序数词一般是以与之相应的基数词尾加-th构成,如:
fourth,tenth,但以下的这些基数词变为序数词时,有特别之处。
One—first,two—second,three—third,five—fifth,nine—ninth,twelve—twelfth
2)以_ty结尾的单词,要先变y为i,在加-eth.。
如:
thirty—thirtieth,fifty—fiftieth
3)以one,two,three等结尾的多位数词,要将个位数变成序数词。
如:
twenty-one—twenty-first,onehundredandone—onehundredandfirst
注意:
序数词前常用定冠词,有时还可以用不定冠词a/an则表示"又一"的意思。
(没
有具体范围的限制)如:
Mr.Brownhasasecondcar.布朗先生另外还有一辆车。
Hehastriedasecondtime.他又尝试了一次。
五、数词的应用
1)时刻的表示:
小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。
①“几点钟”用基数词加o'clock。
o'clock可省略。
如:
5点钟-five(o'clock)②“几点过几分”,≤30分钟"用介词past。
如:
7:
15—fifteen/aquarterpastseven7:
30—halfpastseven
③“差几分几点”用介词"to"。
如:
7:
40—twentytoeight7:
45—fifteen/aquartertoeight。
④日常生活中的时间读法常常简化,直接按基数词的顺序读。
如:
7:
05—sevenofive7:
15—sevenfifteen。
2)年月日的表示:
①年份用基数词,如:
1999年—nineteenninety-nine1900年—nineteenhundred
2000年—twothousand1905年—nineteenofive;
②年用基数词,日用序数词。
如:
1998年6月8日写作:
June8,1998;读作:
Junetheeighth,nineteenninety-eight或theeighthofJune,nineteenninety-eight。
3)世纪、年代表示法,如:
(在)90年代(in)thenineties(在)19世纪(in)thenineteenthcentury
(在)18世纪30年代(in)the1730s或inthe1730's
4)编号的表示:
①基数词放到名词的后边,该名词一般要大写;序数词放到名词的前面,加定冠词。
Lesson1/thefirstlesson第一课Row3/thethirdrow第三排
②BusNo.3=theNo.3bus3路公共汽车。
③表示住所时不用No.如:
Room302读作:
roomthreeotwo302房间。
④如果编号的数词比较长,一般用基数词。
如:
Page457第457页。
⑤电话号码,用基数词,如:
3855633-threeeightdoublefivesixdoublethree。
5)分数的表达:
分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于"1",分母则加"s"。
如:
1/3onethird2/3twothirds
1/2a/onehalf1/4onefourth或a/onequarter
3/4threefourths或threequarters
6)表示有小数的词用基数词,如:
5.5fivepointfive
12.135twelvepointonethreefive
7)表示百分数,如:
5℅:
fivepercent0.8℅zeropointeightpercent
注意:
分数、百分数与主谓一致
当分数、百分数修饰可数名词的复数时,谓语动词用复数形式;当分数、百分数修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:
EightypercentofthestudentsinourschoolcomefromHenan.
我们学校百分之八十的学生来自河南。
ThreefourthsofthestudentsinmyclassareinterestedinEnglish.
我们班四分之三的学生对英语感兴趣。
Twothirdsofthewaterontheearthisseawater.
地球上三分之二的水是海水。
8)其他用法,如:
①基数词+单数名词+形容词构成合成形容词。
如:
afive-year-oldboy一个五岁的男孩
an800-metre-longbridge一座800米长的桥
girls’400-metrerelayrace女子400米接力
②具体数词+metre(s)/kilometre(s)/kilo(s)long/high/tall/deep/away等。
如:
TheChangjiangRiveris6,300kilometreslong.长江长6300公里。
③表示“几十岁”用基数词的复数形式,如:
inhisthirties在他三十几岁时
④倍数的表达:
一倍用once,两倍用twice,两倍以上用基数词+times。
如:
fivetimes5倍
补充:
倍数的表示法:
1.表示“几倍大小(长短;数量)”,由“倍数+thesize(length,amountwidthageheight.)+of”结构组成。
如:
Theearthisforth-ninetimesthesizeofthemoon.地球的大小是月亮的四十九倍。
2.表示“„„比„„大几倍”,由“倍数+形容词(副词)比较级+than+被比较部分”结构组成。
如:
Thisboxisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.
这个箱子比那个箱子大三倍。
(这个箱子是那个箱子的四倍。
)
数词练习
()1.Everyyear,_____peoplegotovisittheirfactory
A.athousandofBthousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof
()2.Tomhasjustfinishedwritinga_________article.
A.nine-hundred-wordsB.nine-hundreds-word
C.nine-hundred-wordD.nine-hundreds-words
()3._______peoplelosttheirhomesinJapan’searthquake.
A.TwothousandsB.ThousandC.ThousandsofD.Thousandof
()4.Lastyear,IvisitedachemicalfactoryinBaise,thereareabout_____workersinit.
A.sixthousandsB.sixthousandC.sixthousandsofD.sixthousandof
()5.About_______ofthestudentsinourclasswereborninthe_____.
A.two-thirds,1990sB.two-thirds,1990
C.two-third,1990sD.two-third,1990
()6.NowadaysofbusinesslettersarewritteninEnglish.
A.twothirdB.twothirdsC.twothreeC.secondthree
()7.—Ifa=4,b=5,what’stheanswertothequestion“a+2ab+1=?
”
—
A.Forty-fifthB.Forty-five
C.Twenty-threeD.Onehundredandtwenty-one
()8.—Howoftendoyouexercise?
—_________aweek.
A.TwoB.TwiceC.SecondD.Three
()9.Theteachersaidthat__oftheboyswouldtakepartinthetalentshow.
A.threefiveB.threefivesC.thirdsfifthsD.threefifths
()10.Tomorrowistheboy’s________birthday.
A.seventhB.sevenC.seventeenD.aseventh
()11.—Whichisthebiggestnumberofthefour?
—.
A.One-thirdB.Two-thirdsC.AhalfD.Aquarter
()12.—Excuseme,wherecanIbuyajacket?
—YoucangototheMen'sWearSectiononthe_________floor.
A.twoB.twiceC.secondD.three
()13.___ofthelandiscoveredwithtreesandgrassinPingjiang,Yueyang.
A.ThreefivesB.Threefifths
C.ThreefifthD.Threesfifth
()14.Septemberis_____monthoftheyear.
A.ninthB.nineC.thenineD.theninth
()15.—Howwasyourdayoffyesterday?
—Perfect!
Itwasmygrandma’s________birthday.Wehadabigcake.
A.eightyB.eightiethC.theeightiethD.theeightieth
()16.—Excuseme,howcanIgettothemuseum?
—Sorry.It'smy______timetobehere.
A.oneB.firstC.onceD.two
()17.Youcansee_______ifyougooutatnight.
A.millionstarsB.thousandofstars
C.hundredsstarsD.millionofstars
()18.—Isthisyour________visittomyhometown,Zunyi?
—No.I’vebeenhereformanytimes.
A.oneB.thefirstC.firstD.twice
()19.Morethanninestudentsaredoingsportsnow.
A.hundredsB.hundredofC.hundredD.hundredsof
()20.Now,everybody,pleaseturntoPage________andlookatthe________picture.A.Fifth;fiveB.Five;fifthC.Fifth;fifthD.Five;five
()21.Forbreakfast,Iusuallyhave______andtwopiecesofbread.
A.acupofmildhalfB.halfacupofmilk
C.ahalfmilkcupD.halfamilkcup
()22.ThegovernmentofChongqingisbuilding_______cheapandgoodhousesforthepeople.
A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof
()1.Thereareabout________studentsinourschool.
A.twothousandofB.twothousandsC.twothousandsofD.twothousand
()2.Thereare________studentsinourgrade.
A.threehundredsandforty-fiveB.threehundredandfortyfive
C.threehundredforty-fiveD.threehundredandforty-five
()3.Sundayis________dayoftheweek.
A.thefirstB.oneC.heseventhD.theseven
()4.Pleasecometomyoffice________.
A.athalfpasteightB.athalfpassedeitherC.inhalfpasteightD.onhalfpasteight
()5.Ifyouwanttogotothecinema,take________.
A.busNo.theninthB.theNo.9busC.No.9thebusD.No.theninthbus
()6.TheGreenscametoChina________.
A.in1984October27B.inOctober27,1984
C.on27,1984OctoberD.onOctober27,1984
()7.Thestorytookplacein________.
A.nineteencenturiesB.nineteencentury
C.thenineteenthcenturyD.nineteenthcentury
()8.IwastoldtheywouldstayinChinafor________.
A.oneandahalfyearsB.oneandahalfyear
C.oneandhalfyearsD.onehalfandoneyear
()9.Tomorrowwearegoingtolearn________.
A.LessonSecondB.theLessonTwoC.LessonTwoD.secondlesson
()10.Ithinkthatthefirstdayofspringis________.
A.twenty-twoofMarchB.twenty-secondonMarch
C.twenty-twoinMarchD.thetwenty-secondofMarch
()11.________letteroftheword“restaurant”is“n”.
A.TheninethB.NinethC.TheninthD.Ninth
()12.Wetalkedfor________.
A.halfahourB.halfhourC.anhourhalfD.halfanhour
()13.Thebuswillleaveat________thisafternoon.
A.threefifteenB.threeandfifteenC.threequartersD.fiftytothree
()14.Theearthis________thesizeofthemoon.
A.49thetimesB.49timesC.49timeD.fourty-ninetimes
()15.It’sa________ruler.
A.two-feet-longB.twofeetlongC.two-foot-longD.two-foot-long
()16.________studentsareplantingtrees.
A.SeveralhundredsB.SeveralhundredC.FivehundredsD.Fivehundredof
()17.________tofinishquickly.
A.NoeverystudentwantsB.Noeverystudentwant
C.NoteverystudentwantsD.Noteverystudentwant
()18.________ago,ourcountrywascoveredbythickforests.
A.SeveralmillionofyearB.Severalmillionyear
C.SeveralmillionyearsD.Severalmillionofyears
()19.Theweightofthemoonisonlyabout________ofthatoftheearth.
A.oneeightyB.oneofeightyC.onetheeightiethD.oneeightieth
()20.It’s11:
45.Yes,it’s________.
A.fifteenpasttwelveB.fifteenfromtwelve
C.aquarterpasteightiethD.aquartertotwelve
()21.Whatdateisit?
It’s________.
A.Julytwentieth-firstB.ofJulytwenty-first
C.thetwenty-firstofJulyD.aquartertotwelve
()22.----________,please?
----ItwasApril25th.
A.HowoldareyouB.Whatwasthedateyesterday
C.WhattimewasitD.Whatdayisittoday
()23.Ihave________thingstodo.Ican’tplay________.
A.many,nomoreB.alotof,anymoreC.much,moreD.much,anymore
()24.Ihavea________paperonmydesk.
A.littleB.lotC.lotsD.l
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