英语英语阅读理解教育文化专项习题及答案解析.docx

英语英语阅读理解教育文化专项习题及答案解析.docx

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英语英语阅读理解教育文化专项习题及答案解析

【英语】英语阅读理解（教育文化）专项习题及答案解析

一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类

1．阅读理解

   Theterm"crocodiletears"referstoinsinceresadness.Thistermhasanetymologydatingbackseveralcenturies.Asearlyasthefourthcentury,crocodiletearsarereferencedintheliteraturewiththemeaningofinsinceresorrow.Itissaidthatcrocodilesweepwhileeatingtheirhuntedanimalsbecausetheyaresad;however,thissadnessisnothonest.

   Thetermcrocodiletearsbecamewidelypopularafteritwasdocumentedinafifteenth-centurybooktitledTheVoyageandTravelofSirJohnMandeville,Knight.Apassagefromthebookreads:

"Thesecrocodileskillmenandtheyeatthemweeping."

   Asyoumayalreadyknow,crocodilians（鳄目动物）likelyfeelbadaboutlittle—especiallyfeeding.However,theassumptionofthecrocodile-tearsmetaphormaybetrue.Ina2007paperpublishedinBioSciencetitled"CrocodileTears:

Andtheyeatthemweeping",researchersobserved7crocodiliansincagesduringfeedingtimeatareserve（4caimansand3Americanalligators）.Theresearchersobservedthecrocodiliansoutsideofwateratfeedingstationstobetterfindoutwhethertearingdeveloped.

   Fiveofthe7crocodiliansdevelopedsomethingliketearsintheireyesbefore,duringorafterfeeding.Theresearcherssuggestthatthesecrocodiletearsoccurbecauseacrocodilianhisses（发出嘶嘶声）whileiteats,andthishissingforcesairthroughthespacesinthebonebehindthenoseandouttheeye,intheprocesspickingupnasolacrimalsecretions（鼻泪管分泌物.）

   Inhumans,crocodiletearsisamedicalconditionthatcausesapersontotearupwhileeating.Crocodiletearstypicallyoccurbecauseofatemporarylossoffacialcontrolduetodamageofthefacialnerve.Specifically,whenthefacialnervegrowsagain,itdoessoincorrectlythusresultingintearsduringchewingfood.

（1）Theunderlinedword"etymology"inParagraph1refersto________.

A.areferencebookcontainingarticlesonvarioustopics

B.theoriginandhistoryofaparticularterm

C.aprintedsheetofpaperthatarcgivenfreetoadvertise

D.theapplicationandinfluenceofanewtheory

（2）Theterm"crocodiletears"________.

A.isamedicalconditionthatcausesacrocodiletotearup

B.becamewidelypopularasearlyasthefourthcentury

C.referstopretendedsadness

D.provedtobeonlyanassumption

（3）Fromthe2007paperpublishedinBioScience,wecanknowthat________.

A.crocodiliansespeciallyfeelbadaboutfeeding

B.notallthe7crocodiliansdevelopedtearing

C.thecrocodilianswerecarefullyobservedinsidewater

D.crocodiletearsoccurbecauseacrocodilianhissesafteriteats

（4）Thepassageismainlyabout________.

A.whattherealtruthisaboutcrocodiletears

B.whentheterm"crocodiletears"gotpopularinliterature

C.howresearchersmadetheexperimentoncrocodilians

D.whycrocodiletearstypicallyoccurinhumans

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过引用“鳄鱼的眼泪”这一说法的来源、发展以及相关实验来告诉读者“crocodiletears”的真实含义。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的“datingbackseveralcenturies”追溯到几个世纪前；以及“Asearlyasthefourthcentury,crocodiletearsarereferencedintheliteraturewiththemeaningofinsinceresorrow.”早在公元4世纪，鳄鱼的眼泪在文学作品中的意思是假慈悲，可推知，etymology和一个词条的来源和发展相关。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Itissaidthatcrocodilesweepwhileeatingtheirhuntedanimalsbecausetheyaresad;however,thissadnessisnothonest.”是指假伤心，假慈悲。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Fiveofthe7crocodiliansdevelopedsomethingliketearsintheireyesbefore,duringorafterfeeding.”7只鳄鱼中，有5只在吃食之前，之中和之后流下了眼泪，可知，并非所有的鳄鱼在吃食时都会流泪。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据倒数第二段中的“Theresearcherssuggestthatthesecrocodiletearsoccurbecauseacrocodilianhisses（发出嘶嘶声）whileitcats,andthishissingforcesairthroughthespacesinthebonebehindthenoseandouttheeye,intheprocesspickingupnasolacrimalsecretions”研究人员发现这些鳄鱼的眼泪是因为它们在进食时发出的嘶嘶声，这种声音迫使空气通过鼻子背后的空间从眼睛出来，在这个过程中带出了鼻内管分泌物，可知，作者通过对“crocodiletears”这一词条的来源、发展以及相关实验来告诉读者有关“crocodiletears”的真实含义。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   NewJerseyMiddleSchoolMakesStudentsGoPhone-Free

   AmiddleschoolinUnionCounty,NewJersey,isforcingitsstudentstostaydisconnectedinclass,byprohibitingcellphones.MaxsonMiddleSchoolPrincipalKevinStansburyputforwardthephonebanlastweekafterhenoticedsomemajorissuesintheschool."Ourtestscoresweredown,disciplinewasup,"hesays.Accordingtohim,studentsweretoofocusedontheirphonestopayattentiontotheirlessons.So,hepurchasedYondrpouchesfortheschool.

   Yondrpouch

   Whenstudentscomeintoclasseachmorning,theyplacetheirphonesinthepouch,whichisthenlockeduptight.Itcanonlybeopenedusingaspecialdeviceattheendoftheday.Thebanonmobiledevicesappliesnotjustduringclasstimebutduringbreaks,withtheonlyexceptionsbeingintimesofemergencyorincasesofstudentswhoneedsuchdevicestohelpwithdisabilities.

   Eighth-graderswhospokewithNews12NewJerseysaythattheynoticedachangeinamatterofhours."It'sjustbetterforeveryonebecauseyou'llunderstandhowitfeelstogetmoreworkdoneinsteadofpayingattentiontothephone,"saysstudentCharleneV."I'musuallylisteningtomusic,buttodayIgottocommunicatewithallmyfriends,"saysstudentDesireeDuncan.

   Theprogramwasoriginallymetwithresistancefromstudentsandparents,sotheprocesswasnotthatsmooth.Butteachersandadministratorssaythattheprogramwillhaveamajorimpact."Studentsweretalkingandlaughingandtherewerenocellphonesotherthanbeingcarriedinthepouches,"Stansburysays.

   TeacherNiaCummingssayssheevennoticedstudentsbouncingideasoffeachotherinclass.Shesaysstudentsusedtogiveupquicklyandjustlookforanswersontheirphones.Shesaystheynowtrytofigureitoutthemselves."Everyoneissocializingandeatinglunchtogether.That'swhatIwasn'tseeingenoughofwhenphoneusagewasatitsworst,"sheadds.

   MaxsonMiddleSchooliscurrentlytheonlyoneinthedistricttousethesepouches.KevinStansburyalsocalledonalltheschoolsinthecommunitythatit'sworthpayingcloseattentiontocellphoneissuesatsecondaryschoolsandtakingactionswhennecessary.

（1）MaxsonMiddleSchoolputforwardthephonebanbecausestudents_____.

A.weren'tfocusedonschoolwork

B.werealwayslisteningtomusic

C.usedphonestocheatonexams

D.stoppedtalkingwithothers

（2）Whatdidthetwoeighth-graderstellthenewspaper?

A.Oppositionfromstudents.

B.Teamworkwithfriends.

C.Dailyroutineatschool.

D.Effectoftheprogram.

（3）AccordingtoNiaCummings,whatchangehasthephonebanbrought?

A.Studentsdiscussmoreinclass.

B.Studentsfinishtheirworkontime.

C.Studentsguesstheanswersthemselves.

D.Studentscheckmessagesduringthebreak.

（4）Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthephoneban_____.

A.hasbroughtlittlechangetoteachingandlearning

B.hasgainedsupportfromeverystudentandparent

C.mightbecarriedoutinotherschoolsinthecommunity

D.mighthavegoodinfluenceonstudents'healthconditions

【答案】

（1）A

（2）D

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了新泽西高中实行“手机禁止”措施，以保证学生们正常的课业学习效率。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中“Accordingtohim,studentsweretoofocusedontheirphonestopayattentiontotheirlessons.”可知学生们太过于关注手机了以至于上课时无法专注，因此Maxson中学推行手机禁止计划是因为学生们无法专注学业。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Eighth-graderswhospokewithNews12NewJerseysaythattheynoticedachangeinamatterofhours.”可知两位八年级的同学告诉报社说，实施一段时间后他们注意到发生了改变，意在表明两位同学对报社表达了这个项目所带来的影响。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中“TeacherNiaCummingssayssheevennoticedstudentsbouncingideasoffeachotherinclass.”可知，NiaCummings老师甚至留意到了学生们在课堂上互相探讨想法，因此根据NiaCummings说的，禁止手使用机带来的好处是同学们在课堂上讨论的更多了。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中“KevinStansburyalsocalledonalltheschoolsinthecommunitythatit'sworthpayingcloseattentiontocellphoneissuesatsecondaryschoolsandtakingactionswhennecessary.”可知，KevinStansbury号召本社区内的其他学校，手机使用的问题是值得关注的，有必要的时候可以采取措施。

意在表明在社区内的其他学校也可能实施手机禁止的办法。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Duringyourfouryearsinthecollege,you'llhavemanyexcitingchoicestomake,thefirstofwhichwillbeyourcourseselectionforyourfirstsemester.Thebeautyofthischoiceisthatyoucan'tgowrong!

NomatterwhichoneofourFirst-YearOptionsyouselecttoapplyfor,youwillcreatearichintellectualexperiencetobeginyourcollegecareer.

   Option1:

LiberalArtsSeminar

   TheLiberalArtsSeminarisamultidisciplinary（多学科的）coursethatexplorestheculturalhistoryoftheMediterraneanthroughfictionalandnonfictionalbooks.

Fallschedule:

WhenRegistrationopens,youwillselectbetweenoneandfouradditionalcoursestocompleteyourschedule.

   Option2:

FLLHagerScholarsProgram

   TheFLLHagerScholarsProgramisdesignedwithourmostambitiousstudentsoflanguagesandlinguisticsinmind,andisdesignedtocreateforthembothasenseofcommunityandopportunitiesforintellectualgrowth.

   Fallschedule:

WhenRegistrationopens,youwillselectbetweenoneandthreeadditionalcoursestocompleteyourschedule.

   Option3:

IgnatiusSeminars

   Offeredonlyinthefirstsemester,IgnatiusSeminarsintroducestudentstothedepthanddiversityofGeorgetown'sdynamicintellectualcommunity.

   Fallschedule:

WhenRegistrationopens,youwillselectthreeorfouradditionalcoursestocompleteyourschedule.

   Option4:

TraditionalFirst-YearAcademicProgram

   Withthisprogram,you'lltakeyourfirststepintothecollege'srichandvariedcorecoursesandexploreyourfieldsofinterestinfreeoptionalcoursework.

   Fallschedule:

WhenRegistrationopens,you