英语句子结构分析讲解.docx
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英语句子结构分析讲解.docx
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英语句子结构分析讲解
定义:
构成句子的各个局部叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;
主要成分:
主语和谓语
次要成分:
表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.
主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语
㈠主语〔subject〕
句子说明的人或事物
Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.〔名词〕
Shewentoutinahurry.〔代词〕
Fourplusfouriseight.〔数词〕
Toseeistobelieve.〔不定式〕
Smokingisbadforhealth.〔动名词〕
Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.〔名词化的形容词〕
Whathehassaidistrue.〔句子〕
找出以下句中的主语:
1、Thesunrisesintheeast.
2、Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.
3、Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.
4、Seeingisbelieving.
5、Toseeistobelieve.
6、Helikesdancing.
7、Whatheneedsisabook.
8、Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语:
由动词或动词词组组成
Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?
Helookedaftertwoorphans.
复合谓语:
由情态动词或助动词+动词;
HecanspeakEnglishwell.
Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.
找出以下句中的谓语〔注:
只有动词才可作谓语。
〕:
1.WeloveChina.
2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.
3.HecanspeakEnglish.
4.Sheseemstired.(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语Showyourpassport,please.〔名词〕
Shedidn'tsayanything.〔代词〕
Howmanydoyouwant?
-Iwanttwo.〔数词〕
Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.〔名词化的形容词〕
Theyaskedtoseemypassport.〔不定式〕
Ienjoyworkingwithyou.〔动名词〕
Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?
〔句子〕
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.Hegavemesomebooks.
间接直接
宾语宾语
指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语:
pleasepassmethebook.
Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.
找出以下句子的宾语局部:
1.Weoftenhelphim.
2.Helikestoplaybasketball.
3.Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.
4.Shesaidthathefeltsick.
5.Theyaretalkingaboutthenewstudent.〔四〕连系动词,其后面的成分叫作表语。
Thewarwasover.
Theyseemtoknowthetruth.
Timeisprecious.
I’mnotquitemyselftoday.
Thatremainsapuzzle.
Idon’tfeelatease.
找出以下句中的表语。
1.Iamateacher.
2.Theyareontheplayground.
3.MyjobisteachingEnglish.
4.Itgetscold.
5.Itsoundsinteresting.
常见的系动词有be动词,还有get,become,turn,grow等表“变得〞的词,和感观动词sound,look,smel,taste,feel等。
(五)定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
Heisacleverboy.〔形容词〕
Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.〔名词〕
Thereare54studentsinourclass.〔数词〕
Doyouknownbetty’ssister?
〔名词所有格〕
Heboughtsomesleepingpills.〔动名词〕
Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.〔如今分词〕
Hisspokenlanguageisgood.〔过去分词〕
定语后置:
假如定语是由一个单词表示时,通常要前置。
而由一个词组或一个句子表示时,通常那么后置
Thegirlinredishissister.
Wehavealotofworktodo.
Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.
Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?
找出以下句子的定语。
1.Theblackbikeismine.
2.Sheisachemistryteacher.
3.Themaninblueismybrother.
4.Thegirlplayingthepianoismyyoungersister.
5.Theladywhoiswearingreddressisournewteacher.
〔六〕状语
状语的功用:
状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
Iwillbebackinawhile.
Theyareplayingontheplayground.
Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.
HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.
Iwaitedtoseeyou.
Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.
Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.
Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.
Thisbookisveryinteresting.
Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.
找出以下句中的状语1.Weoftenhelphim.
2.Ireallydon’tlikethefood.
3.Hedidhishomeworkcarefully
athome.
4.HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.
5.WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeadoctor.
〔七〕宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义缺乏,使句子的意义完好。
这类常用的及物动词有:
make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.
Ifoundthebookinteresting.
Doyousmellsomethingburning?
Hemadehimselfknowntothem.
Sheaskedmetolendherahand.
宾语补足语:
和宾语构成复合宾语。
宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的主谓关系。
找出以下句子的宾语补足语:
1.TheyelectedJohnmonitor.
2.WecallhimIronOx.
3.Thedoctortoldmetodomore
exercise.
4.Theymadeherhappy.
5.Heisgoingtohavehishaircut.
6.Theysawabirdflyinginthesky.
〔八〕同位语位于名词或代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况
Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.〔名词〕
Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.〔代词〕
Heistheoldestamongthemfour.〔数词〕
Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.〔从句〕
句子成分详解表
句子成分
意义
充当成分
例句
主语
表示句子说的是什么人或什么
事
名,代,数,不定式,动名词,短语或句子
WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddle
School.
谓语
说明主语做什么,是什么或怎
么样
动词或动词词组
Sheisdancingunderthetree.
宾语
表示动作行为的对象
同主语
BothofuslikeEnglish.
表语
与联络动词连用,一起构成谓
语,说明主语的性质或特征
同主语
Herfatherisachemist.
Hiswordssoundreasonable.
定语
用来修饰名词或代词
形,代,数,名,
副,介词短语或句子
Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.
状语
修饰动词,形容词,副词,表
示动作发生的时间,地点,原
因,目的,方式,结果等
副词,介词短语或句
子
Heworksveryhard.
TheyheldapartyinHollywood.
宾语补足语
逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系
形容词,名词,介词短语等
Shealwayskeepsthehouse
clean.
随堂练习:
分析以下句子构造:
1〕Youareastudent.
2〕Hefelthappytoday.
3〕Whatyousaidmademehappy.
4〕CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?
5〕Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.
6〕Helikespopmusic.
7〕Thesoundsoundsstrange.
8〕Thefoodtastesgood.
9〕Hegavemeabookyesterday.
10〕Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.
PrivateConversation
LastweekIwenttothetheatre.Ihadaverygoodseat.Theplaywasveryinteresting.Ididnotenjoyit.Ayoungmanandayoungwomanweresittingbehindme.Theyweretalkingloudly.Igotveryangry.Icouldnotheartheactors.Iturnedround.Ilookedatthemanandthewomanangrily.Theydidnotpayanyattention.Intheend,Icouldnotbearit.Iturnedroundagain.“Ican'thearaword!
〞Isaidangrily.
“It'snoneofyourbusiness,〞theyoungmansaidrudely.
“Thisisaprivateconversation!
〞
what什么who谁where哪里when什么时候why为什么H,how怎么
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