英美文学题库.docx

英美文学题库.docx

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英美文学题库英美文学题库ChapterIAnIntroductiontoOldandMedievalEnglishLiterature&TheRenaissancePeriodII.Readthequotedpartandanswerthequestions:

1.“ForhereinFortuneshowsherselfmorekindThanishercustom.ItisstillheruseToletthewretchedmanoutlivehiswealth,ToviewwithholloweyeandwrinkledbrowAnageofpoverty;fromwhichlingringpenanceOfsuchmiserydothshecutmeoff”1.Identifythetitleoftheworksandauthor.2.Explain“fromwhichcutmeoff”.3.Whathappenedtohim,whichcausedthewords?

参考答案:

Thelinesarefrom“TheMerchantofVenice”,WilliamShakespeare.（P48）2）Thissentencemeansshe,LadyFortune（命运女神）,ismorekindtohimbecausesheistakingawaybothhiswealthandlife.3）ThespeakerisAntonio,itssaidthathisshiphaveallbeenlost,andheispenniless,andwillhavetopaythepoundofflesh.（BecauseShylockhasmadeastrangebondthatrequiresAntoniotopayhimapoundoffleshifhecantrepayhimthemoneythatheborrowedforhisfriendinduetime.）（P38）2.“Readnottocontractandconfuse,nottobelieveandtakeforgranted,nortofindtalkanddiscourse,buttoweighandconsider”1）Identifytheworkandauthor.2）Whatideadoesthepassageexpress?

参考答案：

1）Thesentencecomesfrom“OfStudies”writtenbyFrancisBacon.（P61）2）TheSentencetalksabouttheproperwaytoread:

Whenyouread,dontbepuzzledbythecontentofthebook;donttakeitforgranted;dontquotetoomuchfromthebook;beforeacceptingitsidea,youdbetterthinkaboutitsshortcomingsandconsideritfromallsides.3.“Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouowst;Norshalldeathbragthouwanderstinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrowst:

Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.1）Wheredoesthepoemcomesfrom?

Whowroteit?

Whatdoes“eternallines”mean?

Interpretitbriefly.参考答案：

1）Thepoemis“ShallIComparetheetoaSummersDay”,byShakespeare.（P38）2）Eternallinesmeansthelinesofthepoemandothersonnets.（P38）3）Itmeans:

youwillnotloseyourbeauty,anddeathwillnotthreatenyouwithdarkness,either.Aslongasmancanliveintheworld,theywillseeyourbeautyinmylinesofmypoem,whichhasgivenyoueternallife.（OrAnicesummersdayisusuallytransient,butthebeautyinpoetrycanlastforever.（P37）4.“Allisnolost:

theunconquerablewill,Andstudyofrevenge,immortalhate,Andcouragenevertosubmitoryield:

Andwhatiselsenottobeovercome?

IrreconcilabletoourgrandFoe”1）Pleaseidentifythepoemandthepoet.2）Interpret“allisnotlost”.3）Whatdoesthewholepassagemean?

参考答案：

1）ItistakenfromJohnMiltons“ParadiseLost”.（P74）2）“allisnotlost”isthewordfromSatan-SatanandotherangelsrebelagainstGod,buttheyaredrivenfromHeavenintohell.Inthefireofthehell,Satanisdeterminedtofightback,justlikewhathesays:

notallislost,theunconquerablewill,thedeephatred,andthecouragetofighttilldeathstillremain.（P71）3）ThispassageshowsSatanswillnottosubmit（服从）,andthedesiretolongforfreedom;tobegGodformercyandworshiphispowerismoreshamefulanddisgracefulthanthedownfall.（P71）5.“Ifhebenotapttobeatovermatters,lethimstudythelawyerscases.Soeverydefectofthemindmayhaveaspecialreceipt.”Questions:

3）Whatdoes“beatovermatters”mean?

4）Whatdoes“receiptreferto?

5）Fromwhichessaydoestheabovesentencescome,whatistheessaymainlyabout?

参考答案：

1）Itmeans:

makethroughexaminationsofthings.（P63）2）“Receipt”referstocure,prescription.（P63）3）Thesentencesarefrom“OfStudies”（FrancisBacon）.Itisthemostpopularofbaconsessays.Itanalyzeswhatstudieschieflyservefor,thedifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies,andhowstudiesexertinfluenceoverhumancharacter.（P6061）6.“What,isgreatMephistophilistopassionateForbeingdeprivedofthejoysofheaven?

LearnthouofFaustusmanlyfortitudeAndscornthosejoysthounevershaltpossess.SayhewillsparehimFourandtwentyyearsLettinghimliveinallvoluptuousnessHavingtheeevertoattendonmeQuestions:

1）Identifythepassageandauthor;2）“Sayhesurrendersuptohimhissoul”,whowillsurrenderhissoul?

Whatfor?

3）Whoarethee?

Whatwillhedo?

参考答案：

1）Thepassagecomesfrom“Dr.Faustus”writtenbyChristopherMarlowe.（P2526）2）Dr.Faustuswillsurrenderhissoultodevil.Becausehewasagreatscholarwhohasastrongdesiretogetknowledgeinvain,finallyhemadeabondtosellhissoultoDevilinreturnfor24yearsoflifeinwhichhemaygetanythinghedesires.（P22）3）The“thee”,refersto“Mephistophilis”,theDevilsservant.HehelpedDr.Faustustodoanythinghewants.（P22）7.“Busyoldfool,unrulysun,Whydoesthouthus,Throughwindowsandthroughcurtainscallonus?

”Questions:

6）Identifytheworkandauthor.7）Whatideadoesthepassageexpress?

参考答案:

1）Thepassagecomesfrom“TheSunRising”,writtenbyJohnDonne.（P66）2）Thespeakerquestionsthesunsauthorityandspeakscondescendingly,placingthesuninthestatusofasubordinate.Intheloverskingdom,thesunhasnorighttodictatethetimeofdayorthepassingofseasons.Hispresenceintheirbedchamberisanintrusionontheirprivacy.III.Questionsandanswers:

1.HowdoyouknowaboutRenaissance?

GiveasummeryaboutEnglishliteratureintheperiod?

参考答案:

1.TheRenaissancereferstotheperiodbetween14th-mid-17thcentury.ItfirststartedinItaly.2.TheRenaissancemeansrebirthorrevival-thediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture.3.Inessence,TheRenaissanceisahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandscholarstriedtogetridoftheoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope,tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie/middleclass,andtorecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthecorruptionofRomanCatholicchurch.4.HumanismistheessenceofRenaissance-Manisthemeasureofallthings.Thehumanismexalted/praisedhumannatureandemphasizedthedignityofhumanbeingsandthepresentlife.Theythoughtmanhadtherighttoenjoythebeautyoflifeandhadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandmadewonders,whichgotreadyfortheappearanceofthegreatElizabethanwritersinBritain.Poetryanddramawerethemostoutstandingliteraryforms.5.Shakespeare,MarloweandFrancisBaconetc.weretheremarkablerepresentativesoftheEnglishRenaissance.（可参考课本P7-12）2.PleasegiveabriefanalysisofHamlets“Tobeornottobe”soliloquy（独白）.参考答案:

“Tobeornottobe”isaphilosophicalexplorationoflifeanddeath.Thesoliloquycondemnedthehypocrisyandtreacheryandgeneralcorruptionoftheworld,andrevealedthecharacterofHamlet-sospeculative,questioning,contemplativeandmelancholy./gloomy.Itwasnotbecausehewasnotabletotakeactiontorevenge,butbecauseofhishesitative/hesitantcharacter,whenthechanceforactioncame,itseemeddefeat.Itcanbeinterpretedas:

Hamletbearstheheavyburdenofthedutytorevengehisfathersdeath,heisforcedtoliveinthesuspenseoffactsandfiction,languageandaction.Heconsidersthatitwouldbebettertocommitsuicide,butbeingscaredofwhatmighthappentohimintheafterlife.Soheputoffthethingbecauseofthesin.Heconsiderstheplancarefullyonlytofindreasonfornotcarryingitout.Thesoliloquyconveysthesenseofworld-weariness（厌世）.（P33-34）3.WhatcommonfeaturesdothecharactersshareinMarlowsworks?

（Nomorethan150words）参考答案:

ThecreationofTheRenaissanceheroisoneofMarlowscontributions.1）Suchaheroisalwaysindividualisticandfullofambition,facingbravelythechallengefromgodandmen.Theyhadhumandignityandcapacity,tryingtogetheaven/highestideasontheearthbytheirownefforts.2）Forexample:

TamburlaineisacharacterwrittenbyMarlowe.Bydepictingagreatherowithhighambitionandsheerbrutalforc4einconquering,Marlowevoicedthesupremedesireofmanforinfinite/limitlesspowerandauthority.InDr.Faustus,Marlowecelebratedthehumanpassionforknowledge,powerandhappiness.3）TamburlaineandDr.FaustusaretypicalinowningsuchRenaissancespirit,Tamburlaine,beingacruelconquer,foundhappinessinconqueringotherkingdom.Onlydeathcoulddefeathim.WhileDr.Faustus,amoreintrospectiveandphilosophicalfigure,hadhighspiritforknowledgebuthehadsinforhavingdespairinGodandtrustinDevil.（P2022）4.WhatarethemainthemesofShakespearesplays?

参考答案：

Shakespearesplaysaredividedinto3types:

comedies,tragediesandhistoricalplays.1）Hishistoricalplaysarewiththetheme-nationalunityunderamightandjustsovereign/rulerisnecessary.2）Inhisromanticcomedies,hetakesanoptimisticattitudetowardlovefriendshipandyouth.3）Inhistragedies,Shakespearealwaysportrayssomenobleheroes,whofacestheinjusticeoflifeandiscaughtinadifficultsituationandwhosefateiscloselyconnectedwiththefateofhisnation.Eachherohashisweaknessofnature.Wealsoseetheconflictbetweentheindividualandtheevilforceinthesociety.Andhismajorcharactersarealwaysindividualsrepresentingcertaintypes.5.PleasecommentonthecharacterofSatanin“ParadiseLost.”参考答案：

Satanisarebellious（叛逆的）figureagainstGodinliterature,defeated,heandhisrebelangelswerecastintohell.However,Satanrefusedtoaccepthisfailure,swearingthat“allwasnotlost”andthathewouldrevengeforhisdownfall.ThefreedomofthewillisthekeystoneofSatanscharacter,whichwastheimportantspiritoftherisingmiddleclass.WhilehetemptedAdamandEve,whichprovedhisevilness.6.WhatarethecharacteristicsoftheHumanism?

参考答案：

1）HumanismistheessenceofRenaissance.2）Humanistsseethathumanbeingsweregloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionofperfection,andthattheworldtheyinhabitedwastheirsnottodespise（轻视）buttoquestion,explore,andenjoy.3）Theyalsobelievethatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythe