Innovationdriven Development to Boost Economic Growth.docx
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Innovationdriven Development to Boost Economic Growth.docx
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InnovationdrivenDevelopmenttoBoostEconomicGrowth
Innovation-drivenDevelopmenttoBoostEconomicGrowth
CHINAissimultaneouslydeal-ingwithslowingeconomicgrowth,difficultstructuraladjustments,andabsorbingtheeffectsofpreviouseconomicstim-uluspolicies.TheChineseeconomyfacesseverechallenges,intheformofslowingeconomicgrowth,lowerindustrialproductprices,afallinenterpriseprofitsandtaxrevenues,andlurkingfinancialrisks.Meanwhile,theglobaleconomyistryingtoshakeofftheilleffectsofthefinancialcrisis,andrecoveryissnail-paced.Countriesaroundtheworldarethereforeexploringnewconceptsandmodelsinhopesofpromotingstableandsustaineddevelopmentoftheworldeconomy.
Underthisbackground,China’s13thFive-YearPlanhasattractedwideattention.TheworldhopesthatChina’seconomywillcontinuetoactasanengineforglobalgrowth,andthatChinesewisdommightformulateaneweconomicgrowthconceptandroadmap.ThefocusoftherecentG20FinanceMinistersandCentralBankGovernorsMeetinginShanghaiwasonsourcesofnewdynamismforglobaleconomicgrowth.ChinawillholdtheG20HangzhouSummitinSeptember2016,amidhighexpectations.
WhyDoesChinaProposeInnovativeDevelopment?
China’seconomyhasnowenteredthe“newnormal.”DevelopmentResearchCenteroftheStateCouncil(DRC)statisticsshowthatChina’spotentialgrowthrateduringthe2001-2005periodwas9.8percent;11.2percentduringthe2006-2010period;9.7percentduringthe2011-2015period;andanexpected6.5percentduringthe2015-2020period.ThesefiguresdemonstratethatChina’spotentialgrowthistransitioningfromhighspeedtomediumto-highspeed.AsPresidentXiJinpingobserved,China’snewnormaleconomyhasemerged,andhasseveralnotablefeatures.First,theeconomyhasshiftedgearfromtheprevioushighspeedtomedium-to-highspeedgrowth.Second,theeconomicstructureissteadilyimprovingandupgrading.Third,theeconomyisincreasinglydrivenbyinnovation.ThepresentoverallstrategytoboostChineseeconomicgrowthistoadapttoandunderstandthenewnormal,andthusachievehealthyandsustainedeconomicgrowth.
Therefore,abrandnewdevelopmentconcept,compatiblewithcurrentconditionsinthenewera,andwhichwillguideourpractice,isneeded.Knowledgeandactionarebothessential,andintelligentactionrequiresforethought.Therefore,Chinahasproposedthefivedevelopmentconceptsofinnovation,coordination,greendevelopment,opening-up,andsharing,amongwhichinnovationisconsideredthecore.ThoseconceptsarethekeytoresolvingtheproblemsthatimpedeChina’seconomicgrowthandsocio-economicdevelopment.Theyalsoconstitute,afterthor-oughconsiderationofworldeconomicgrowthpatternsandreformstotheglobalgovernancesystem,China’scontributiontotheworld.
Thecurrentpervasivepressureindeedcompelsustoboosteconomicgrowththroughinnovation.TheChineseeconomyachievedconsistentlyhighspeedgrowthinthe34yearsfollowingtheendofthe1970s,whenthereformandopening-uppolicycameintoeffect,withaverageannualgrowthofaround9.8percent.Itwasmainlydrivenbysupply-sidefactors,suchasacheaplaborforceandland,alate-mover’sadvantages,aswellasdemand-sidefactors,suchasasubstantialriseinresidents’incomesandthrivinginfrastructureconstruction.China’sGDPnowexceedsUS$10trillion,andranksaworldNo.2,withGDPpercapitaofUS$8,000,andhasclimbedtoanewhighintermsofsocialproductiveforces,comprehensivenationalstrength,andscienceandtechnology.China’sachievementsappearmiraculous,takingintoconsiderationitsmassivepopulationofover1.3billion.However,Chinanowfacesthegrowinglyprominentproblemofuneven,uncoordinated,andunsustainabledevelopment,andtheimmensepressurethisexertsonpopulation,resources,andenvironment.Forexample,China’sworking-agepopulation(15-59yearsold)haspeaked,anditsdependencyratiohasreachedaturningpoint.Thecountryhenceneedsnewimpetusforitsfuturedevelopment.Therefore,wemustboostdevelopmentthroughinnovationinabidtopromoteeffectivesupply-sidereformandunleashtheinnovativepotentialofscienceandtechnology.
Innovation-drivenDevelopmentConnotations
Whatexactlydoesinnovation-drivendevelopmentmean?
Howdoweimplementaneconomicdevelopmentstrategydrivenbyinnovation?
JudgingfromthechallengesthatChina’seconomyfaces,innovation,whencomparedwithdevelopednations,remainsthecountry’smajorshortfall.Theaimofinnovationdrivendevelopmentistofosteranewimpetusagainstthebackdropofthenewnormal.Totalfactorproductivity(TFP)isacomprehensiveindextoevaluateinnovationachievements.Itsenhancement,therefore,playsacrucialroleinthisregard.
Thereasonprimacyisgiventothenewconceptofinnovation-drivendevel-opmentisbecauseinnovationisamajorpropellantofdevelopment.ChinesePresidentXiJinpingstatedthatinnovationshouldtakecenterstageinthenationaldevelopmentstrategy,intheformoftheoretical,institutional,andscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,andbecomecommonpracticeinPartyandstateworkaswellasthroughoutsociety. Asthedrivingforcebehindtraditionaldevelopmentpetersout,boththenewandoldimpetusforeconomicgrowthneedtobetransformedingoodorder.Thekeyliesinexpandinginnovationcapacitybynurturingnewindustriesandproductionfactors,creatingnewdevelopmentmodels,andexploringnewmarkets.Meanwhile,nationalprojects,suchasmassentrepreneurshipandinnovation,InternetPlus,andMadeinChina2025areexpectedtoleadChina’ssocialandeconomicprogresstoembraceanewera.
China’seconomyhasenteredanewage.Despitetheeconomicdownturnandaturbulentfinancialmarket,Chinamaintainedin2015growthof6.9percent,andatthesametimebolsteredemployment.Andadailyaverage12,000newcompanieswereregisteredthroughoutthecountry.Overthesameperiod,morethan20,000newtechnologicalenterpriseswereestablishedinBeijing’sZhongguancunSciencePark,achievingyear-on-yeargrowthof23percentandcontributing40percenttoBeijing’seconomicgrowth.Alsoin2015,atotalof256,000patentswerelicensed?
C78percentmorethanin2012.Newindustriesandbusinessmodelsareconstantlyemergingandthriving.From2013to2015,theannualaveragevalueofonlineretailsalesrose40percent.Hightechproductssuchasindustrialrobots,newenergyautos,andphotoelectronicdeviceshavealsomultiplied.MeanwhilelaborproductivityreachedRMB76,978percapita?
C22.2percenthigherthanin2012.
Substantialprogressamideconomicrestructuringhaslaidasolidfoundationforinnovation-drivendevelopmentthatwilloptimizetheeconomicstructureandachievehighquality,sustainabledevelopment.Supply-sidestructuralreformwillplayasignificantroleinthisregard.AccordingtothestatementissuedaftertheCentralEconomicWorkConferenceof2015,China’seconomicworkin2016focusesonthefivetasksofreducingindustrialcapacity,destocking,de-leveraging,loweringcorporatecosts,andstrengtheningweaklinks.
Chinaisdeterminedtoweedoutandsoakupitsexcesscapacity,andbeefupitsserviceindustryandconsumption.Theeconomy’stransitionandupgradehavemaintainedsteadymomentum.TheshareofthetertiaryindustryinChina’sGDPcontinuestorise,whichimpliesthattheservicesectorhasbeguntotakethelead.In2015,theserviceindustryaccountedfor50.5percentofChina’sGDP?
C10percentmorethanthesecondaryindustryshare.Meanwhile,finalconsumptionexpenditureaccountedfor66.4percentofthenation’seconomicgrowth.Urbanizationhasalsorisen.Asoftheendof2015,56.1percentofthepopulationlivedincities,3.53percentmorethanin2012.Suchtirelesseffortsarevitalinordertoadvanceinnovationdrivendevelopment. Innovation-drivendevelopmentismorethansimplyanewleadingprincipleinthefieldsofeconomyandscience;italsoencompassesinstitutionsanddevelopmentmodes.Therefore,wemustkeepanopenmindasregardscomprehendingandimplementingthisnotion.The“neweconomy”concept,raisedinthisyear’sgovernmentworkreport,addedsubstancetoinnovation-drivendevelopmentbydefiningitasnewmomentum,newindustries,andnewbusinessmodels.Moreover,innovationisencouragednotonlyininstitutionsatthemacrolevel,butalsoinbusinesspatternsatthemicrolevel.Tosumup,innovation-drivendevelopmentisthekeytoactualizingChina’sgoalofmaintaininggrowthofabove6.5percent.
GlobalSignificanceofInnovation-drivenDevelopment
Implementationofinnovation-drivendevelopmentisnotonlyconducivetoastableandhealthyChineseeconomy,butalsocarriesgreatsignificanceasregardsChinaandtheworld’seconomicgrowth.
Intheneweraofburgeoningglobalizationandnewindustrialrevolution,itisclearthatChina’seconomymustfullyutilizethetworesourcesconstitutedbythedomesticandinternationalmarkets.Wemustinsistoninnovativedevelopmentinaccompanimentwiththepolicyofopeningfurthertotheoutsideworld.However,Chinawouldneverofitsownvolitionrelysolelyontheglobalmarketandforeigninvestmenttoboostitseconomicgrowth.Theannualgovernmentworkreportof2016specifiesthatwemustconsiderournationalrealities,furtherdeveloptheserviceindustry,consumerservicesinparticular,inoureffortstoexpandthedevelopmentspacetoalevelcommensuratewitharapidlygrowingeconomy.Innovation-drivenreformisexpectedtoboosteconomicgrowthinaninnovativeway.Norwilltheneweconomicgrowthmodebedetri
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