英语四级A卷真题.docx

英语四级A卷真题.docx

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英语四级A卷真题

2008年12月20日英语四级A卷真题（Word版）

PartIWriting1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛使用2.造成的问题3.限制使用的意义（30minutes）

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

That’senough,kids

ItwasalovelydayattheparkandStellaBianchiwasenjoyingthesunshinewithhertwochildrenwhenayoungboy,agedaboutfour,approachedhertwo-year-oldsonandpushedhimtotheground.

“I’dwatchedhimforalittlewhileandmysonwasthefourthorfifthchildhe’dshoved,”shesays.”Iwentovertothem,pickedupmyson,turnedtotheboyandsaid,firmly,’No,wedon’tpush,”Whathappenednextwasunexpected.

“Theboy’smotherrantowardmefromacrossthepark,”Stellasays,”Ithoughtshewascomingovertoapologize,butinsteadshestartedshoutingatmefordiscipliningherchild,AllIdidwaslethimknowhisbehaviorwasunacceptable.WasIsupposedtositbackwhileherkiddidwhateverhewanted,hurtingotherchildrenintheprocess?

”

Gettingyourownchildrentoplayniceisdifficultenough.Dealingwithotherpeople’schildrenhasbecomeaminefield.

Inmyhouse,jumpingonthesofaisnotallowed.Inmysister’shouseit’sencouraged.Forher,it’saboutkidsbeingkids:

”Ifyoucan’tdoitatthree,whencanyoudoit?

”

Eachofthesephilosophiesisvalidand,ithastobesaid,mysonlovesvisitinghisaunt’shouse.ButIfindmyselfsaying“no”alotwhenherkidsareoveratmine.That’sOKbetweensistersbutbecomesdangerousterritorywhenyou’retalkingtothechildrenoffriendsoracquaintances.

“Kidsaren’tallraisedthesame,”agreesProfessorNaomiWhiteofMonashUniversity.”Butthereisstillanideathatthey’rethepropertyoftheparent.Weseeourchildrenasanextensionofourselves,soifyou’resayingthatmychildisbehavinginappropriately,thenthat’ssomehowacriticismofme.”

Inthosecircumstances,it’sdifficulttoknowwhethertoapproachthechilddirectlyortheparentfirst.Therearetwoschoolsofthought.

“I’dgotothechildfirst,”saysAndrewFuller,authorofTrickyKids.Usuallyaquietreminderthat’wedon’tdothathere’isenough.Kidsnavefinelytunedantennae（直觉）forhowtobehaveindifferentsettings.”

Hepointsoutbringingitupwiththeparentfirstmaymakethemfeelneglectful,whichcouldcauseproblems.Ofcourse,approachingthechildfirstcanbringitsownheadaches,too.

ThisiswhyWhiterecommendsthatyouapproachtheparentsfirst.Raiseyourconcernswiththeparentsifthey’rethereandaskthemtodealwithit,”shesays.

Askedhowtoapproachaparentinthissituation,psychologistMeredithFulleranswers:

”Explainyourneedsaswellasstressingtheimportanceofthefriendship.Prefaceyourremarkswithsomethinglike:

’Iknowyou’llthinkI’msillybutinmyhouseIdon’twant…’”

Whenitcomestosituationswhereyou’recaringforanotherchild,whiteisstraightforward:

“commonsensemustprevail.Ifthingsdon’tgowell,thenhaveachat.”

There’reacoupleofnewgreyareas.Physicalpunishment,onceacceptedfromanyadult,isnolongerappropriate.“Anewsetofconsiderationshascometotheforeaspartofthedebateabouthowwehandlechildren.”

ForAndrewFuller,thechild-centricnatureofoursocietyhasaffectedeveryone:

”Therulesaredifferentnowfromwhentoday’sparentsweregrowingup,”hesays,“Adultsarescaredofsaying:

’don’tswear’,oraskingachildtostanduponabus.They’reworriedthattherewillbeconflictiftheypointthesethingsout–eitherfromolderchildren,ortheirparents.”

Heseesitasalossofthesenseofcommonpublicgoodandpubliccourtesy（礼貌）,andsaysthatadultssufferformitasmuchaschild.

MeredithFulleragrees:

“Acodeofconductishardtocreatewhenyou’relivinginaworldinwhicheveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,andaworldinwhichnicepeopleareperceivedtofinishlast.”

“it’saboutwhatI’mdoingandwhatIneed,”AndrewFullersays.”thedayswhenakidcamehomefromschoolandsaid,“Igotintotrouble”.Anddadsaid,‘youprobablydeservedit’.Areover.Nowtheparentsarecharginguptotheschooltohaveagoatteachers.”

Thisjumpingtoourchildren’sdefenseispartofwhatfuelsthe“walkingoneggshells”feelingthatsurroundsourdealingswithotherpeople’schildren.Youknowthatifyouremonstrate（劝诫）withthechild,you’regoingtohavetodealwiththeparent.it’sadmirabletobeprotectiveofourkids,butisitgood?

“Childrenhavetolearntonegotiatetheworldontheirown,withinreasonableboundaries,”Whitesays.“Isuspectthatit’sonlycertainsectorsofthepopulationdoingtherunningtotheschool–better–educatedparentsareprobablymorelikelytobetooinvolved.”

Whitebelievesournotionsofamorechild-centred,it’sawayoftalkingabouttreatingourchildrenlikecommodities（商品）.We’recentredonthembutinwaysthatreflectpositivelyonus.Wetreatthemasobjectswhoseappearanceandachievementsaresomethingwecanbeproudof,ratherthanservethebestinterestsofthechildren.”

Onewayover-worked,under-resourcedparentsshowcommitmenttotheirchildrenistoleaptotheirdefence.Backatthepark,Bianchi’sintervention（干预）onherson’sbehalfendedinanundignifiedexchangeofinsultingwordswiththeotherboy’smother.

AsBianchiapproachedtheparkbenchwhereshe’dbeensitting,othermumscameuptoherandcongratulatedherontakingastand.“Apparentlytheboyhadalongstandingreputationforbadbehaviourandhismumforevenworsebehaviourifhewaschallenged.”

AndrewFullerdoesn’tbelievethatweshouldbeafraidofdealingwithotherpeople’skids.“lookatkidsthataren’tyourownasapotentialminefield,”hesays.Herecommendsthatwedon’tstaysilentoverinappropriatebehaviour,particularlywithregularvisitors

1.WhatdidStellaBianchiexpecttheyoungboy’smothertodowhenshetalkedtohim?

A）makeanapology

B）comeovertointervene

C）disciplineherownboy

D）takeherownboyaway

2.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdealingwithotherpeople’schildren?

A）it’simportantnottohurttheminanyway

B）it’snousetryingtostoptheirwrongdoing

C）it’sadvisabletotreatthemasone’sownkids

D）it’spossibleforonetogetintolotsoftrouble

3.AccordingtoprofessorNaomiwhiteofMonashuniversity,whenone’skidsarecriticized,theirparentswillprobablyfeel

A）discouraged

B）hurt

C）puzzled

D）overwhelmed

4.Whatshouldonedowhenseeingotherpeople’skidsmisbehaveaccordingtoAndrewfuller?

A）talktothemdirectlyinamildway

B）complaintotheirparentspolitely

C）simplyleavethemalone

D）punishthemlightly

5.Duetothechild-centricnatureofoursociety,

A）parentsareworriedwhentheirkidsswearatthem

B）peoplethinkitimpropertocriticizekidsinpublic

C）peoplearereluctanttopointourkids’wrongdoings

D）manyconflictsarisebetweenparentsandtheirkids

6.Inaworldwhereeveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,.

A）it’seasyforpeopletobecomeimpatient

B）it’sdifficulttocreateacodeofconduct

C）it’simportanttobefriendlytoeverybody

D）it’shardforpeopletoadmireeachother

7.Howdidpeopleusetorespondwhentheirkidsgotintotroubleatschool?

A）they’dquestiontheteachers

B）they’dchargeuptotheschool

C）they’dtellthekidstoclamdown

D）They’dputtheblameontheirkids

8.Professorwhitebelievesthatthenotionsofamorechild-centredsocietyshouldbechallenged.

9.Accordingtoprofessorwhite,today’sparentstreattheirchildrenassomethingtheycanbeproudof.

10.Andrewfullersuggeststhat,whenkidsbehaveinappropriately,peopleshouldnotstaysilent.

PartIIIListeningComprehension

SectionA

11．A）Onlytruefriendshipcanlastlong.

B）Letterwritingisgoingoutofstyle.

C）Shekeepsinregulartouchwithherclassmates.

D）Shehaslostcontactwithmostofheroldfriends.

12.A）Apainter.

B）Amechanic.

C）Aporter.

D）Acarpenter.

13.A）Lookforaplacenearheroffice.

B）Findanewjobdownthestreet.

C）Makeinquirieselsewhere.

D）Rentthe$600apartment.

14.A）Hepreferstowearjeanswithalargerwaist.

B）Hehasbeenextremelybusyrecently.

C）Hehasgainedsomeweightlately.

D）HeenjoyedgoingshoppingwithJaneyesterday.

15.A）Thewomanpossessesanaturalforart.

B）Womenhaveabetterartistictastethanmen.

C）Heisn’tgoodatabstractthinking.

D）Hedoesn’tlikeabstractpaintings.

16.A）Shecouldn’thavelefthernotebookinthelibrary.

B）shemayhaveputhernotebookamidthejournals.

C）sheshouldhavemadecarefulnoteswhiledoingreading.

D）sheshouldn’thavereadhisnoteswithouthisknowingit.

17.A）shewantstogetsomesleep

B）sheneedstimetowriteapaper

C）shehasaliteratureclasstoattend

D）sheistroubledbyhersleepproblem

18.A）Heisconfidenthewillgetthejob.

B）Hischanceofgettingthejobisslim.

C）Itisn’teasytofindaqualifiedsalesmanager.

D）Theinterviewdidn’tgoaswellasheexpected.

Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A）Hecanmanagehistimemoreflexibly.

B）Hecanrenewcontactwithhisoldfriends.

C）Hecanconcentrateonhisownprojects.

D）Hecanlearntodoadministrativework.

20.A）Readingitsadsinthenewspapers.

B）Callingitspersonneldepartment.

C）Contactingitsmanager.

D）Searchingitswebsite.

21.A）Tocutdownitsproductionexpenses.

B）Tosolvetheproblemofstaffshortage.

C）Toimproveitsadministrativeefficiency.

D）Toutilizeitsretiredemployees’resources.

Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

22.A）Buyatractor.

B）Fixahouse.

C）Seeapieceofproperty.

D）Singabus